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Review of: Esad Kurtović, Almir Peco, Izvori za historiju srednjovjekovne Bosne (Ispisi iz knjiga notarijata Državnog arhiva u Dubrovniku 1370–1529), I/1-3. Sarajevo: Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Institut za historiju, Bošnjački institut Fondacija Adila Zulfikarpašića, Historijski arhiv Sarajevo, 2021, 1351.
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Conservators deal with different kind of objects; nevertheless, a particular degree of specialization is needed to work with certain artifacts. Motion picture film requires determined expertise, tools, and equipment for its manipulation. Unlike other objects of cultural heritage, apprehension does not occur only by looking at the film object, but also by seeing the projected film and living the cinematographic experience. The purpose of this project was to assess the state of conservation of a film by applying the methodology used in the conservation of objects of “traditional” cultural heritage, such as graphic documents, photographs, paintings, and sculptures. The film object is titled Cine Revista Salvadoreña and belongs to the collection of the Filmoteca of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
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This article describes how the material heritage was given new shape and meaning in the context of the new nation-state of Romania. It starts by looking at the history of the first public museum in Romania, namely the Museum of Natural History and Antiquities in Bucharest and also at the broader interest in the Roman antiquities in 19th century Romania. It then focuses on the first restoration of historical monuments and the initiatives of two of the most well-known architects at the time to establish museums of religious art: André Lecomte du Noüy (1844-1914) and Ion Mincu (1852- 1912). The process of creating a national heritage for Romania has led to the design of valuable new buildings and was underpinned by a powerful will to modernise the country. At the same time, it has represented a destructive force. The built fabric of historical sites and historical artefacts were reshaped, rebuilt, given new meanings and context, so that to fit into the political objectives of the new nation-state. The article will balance and analyse the significance of these various efforts to restore historical monuments and establish the first museums of Romanian heritage.
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Das handgeschriebene oder gedruckte Buch war im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit das wichtigste Medium des Transfers von innovativen Ideen, die insbesondere in den zentral- und westeuropäischen Universitätszentren entstanden sind. Die Kodizes, Inkunabeln und frühen Drucke, die in Siebenbürgen in Umlauf kamen und insbesondere in Pfarrbibliotheken aufbewahrt wurden, sind Beispiele für diesen Wissenstransfer. Darüber hinaus stehen sie aber auch für die Art, in der eine lokale intellektuelle Elite gewirkt hat, die sich neben der Seelsorge auch um die Erziehung, Bildung und das alltägliche Leben der ihr anvertrauten Gemeindemitglieder in der Zeit vor und nach der evangelisch-lutherischen Reformation bemüht hat.
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The paper presents the problem of conservation and restoration of a book from 1919 belonging to Jean Bart. The degradation suffered by the paper support under the incidence of factors, the stages and the completion of the restoration process are presented.
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The studies on medieval manuscript fragments in situ (“fragmentology”) in Poland have concentrated so far mostly on library collection. The present article shows the results of a wider search in old Polish municipal records from the State Archive in Poznań, which found over 60 municipal registers containing various fragments of older manuscripts and prints. The most interesting discovery were two flyleaves folios with a script from the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries, containing fragments of the Pastoral Rule of Gregory the Great found in a 16th century book of town bench records.
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The study analyses dishonest activities related to the types of copies of artistic prints, which are undertaken by participants of the art market. In the introduction, legal regulations concerning counterfeiting of artistic prints were discussed. Appropriate legal qualification of an act is important in the context of assigning criminal responsibility and the level of threat of punishment. As a rule, if an object is a historical monument within the meaning of the Act on the protection of historical monuments, the provisions of art. 109a are applied, which penalises counterfeiting or falsifying the historical monument in order to use it in the trade of historical monuments. Other cases are governed by art. 286 §1 of the Penal Code, which penalises fraud. However, not all actions undertaken by dishonest bidders and concerning the disposal of a plate or interference with the composition placed on it constitute forgery. Some of them constitute fraud, others, for example, deliberate lowering of the print run in order to artificially increase the demand for a given object. The article then lists the types of copies and briefly describes them. These include: copies made by the printmaker or a printmaking workshop working with the printmaker, copies with an original purpose other than commercial, posthumous copies, and copies from retouched plates, corrected or altered to some extent. The type of the copy is one of the factors determining the collector’s value of artistic prints. The last part of the study was devoted to state alteration, which is one of the ways of counterfeiting artistic prints. Condition alteration may be the effect of interference in the original plate or the copy itself. The final effect of the procedure is the change of the copy or the plate, which results in the adoption of a different state. Final conclusions are included at the end.
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The article is a preliminary research on the body of bookplates by Stanisław Dawski (1905–1990) – an artist, graphic designer, painter, professor and the rector of the State College of Fine Arts in Wrocław (currently the Academy of Fine Arts). The Graphic Collections of the Scientific Library of PAU and PAN keeps 383 plates (some of them used two-sidedly) with 409 matrices used for graphics, mostly bookplates; Dawski produced c. 505 bookplates. The collection was donated to the Library in 2009 by Lech Kokociński.
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The article is dedicated to the UNESCO World Heritage Program, in particular, the issues of preservation and protection of historic urban landscapes. The article discusses how the UNESCO World Heritage Program seeks to fulfill its mission of preserving the World Cultural Heritage, which is of particular universal importance to humanity, both for present and future generations. We understand well that cities differ in their culture and historical development. Uncontrolled urbanization threatens the heritage and often raises the issue of its deterioration and destruction, which raises the fear of losing the identity in the society, the important “places” for them, the local cultural monuments. These issues are well reflected in the UN and UNESCO documents. In the conditions of globalization, cities are so similar in financial, technological, informational and other characteristics that they lose their different appearance and become like analogues. Therefore only culture and heritage is the only resource that always separates peoples, cities and differentiates from each other. Powerful cities creatively incubate, creating a stimulating and engaging environment in a variety of cultural fields to showcase the unique features of their local culture that increase international visibility in a global context. The values of the society and the ways of their expression are reflected in the culture. Cultural resources are a distinguishing feature of our cities. Therefore, these UN recommendations were developed in 2011 to better implement urban management programs. Such are the HUL approaches for all UNESCO member countries that voluntarily agree to take action that does not necessarily seek to change existing doctrines or approaches to conservation, but is an additional tool of cultural policy proposed by UNESCO, in which the overall objectives of urban development can be seen, however, clearly shows the value of cultural variety, which distinguishes them. The article provides 7 guidelines that describe the need for and application of HUL approaches in different countries, showing examples of their experiences. The article provides a comparative analysis of current processes in Georgia, as well as the need to use HUL approaches.
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The article focuses on documenting and preservation elements of intangible cultural heritage materials of the local community using of folklore and ethnographic data from Vielieŭščyna village (Liepieĺ district, Vicebsk region) in Belarus. In The Collection of Folklore Records—the largest folklore archive of Belarus—different types of materials are stored including audio and video records, photos, manuscripts and musical note transcriptions which were made in the one location (village, town, etc.) at different times by professional folklorists and amateurs. Substantial parts of these materials covering all aspects of folklore were accumulated during field expeditions of folklorists from The Institute of Art, Ethnography and Folklore named after K. Krapiva of The National Academy of Science of Belarus since 1960s. Other parts were sent to the contest “Best Folklore Collector”, donated to The Collection of Folklore Records from personal and university archives. Materials were collected under different conditions (historical periods, collecting strategies, technical equipment, etc.). These folklore and ethnographic data allow for the characterizing of local traditions to see how they have changed over time.
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The paper explores a context for archival practice, namely the intergovernmental cooperation within UNESCO and international as well as national policy making and policy-implementation in the field of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter – ICH). Although neither “inventorying”, nor “intangible” are among the most frequently used words in the present day vocabulary of archival practice, they are nevertheless of high relevance for archival work. The paper provides some historical insights into the evolution of intergovernmental debates during the previous decades, in relation (initially) to safeguarding folklore or traditional and popular culture, and (later) to safeguarding ICH. Such evolutions include, for instance, shifts from an emphasis on centralised national archives to decentralised documentation institutions, from harmonising archiving methods to diversifying research methodologies, from specialists trained in conservation to communities trained in safeguarding. The paper further explores the present international stances and principles for national ICH inventorying (in relation/comparison to international ICH listing), and the various roles that archives have or could have in that regard, with some national cases as examples. The paper concludes by exploring some prospects for partnerships where archival knowledge, expertise, know-how and experience could be put into practice for the initiatives of ICH inventorying, whether carried out by public institutions, or accomplished as community-driven non-governmental initiatives. The article provides some international standard-setting references, which currently ground the international cooperation on ICH safeguarding, including (in relation to inventorying): awareness-raising, ethical principles, and others. And such references, in their turn, could be practically used for considering possible involvement of archives in policy-implementation in the field of ICH, as well as potentially contributing to on-going policy development in this same field, both at the national as well as international levels.
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The paper discusses users’ activities in the period 2011-2022, mostly types of searches, in an electronic encyclopaedia on saints. The e-product contains information in Bulgarian on orthodox church calendar and texts dedicated to saints as preserved in medieval Slavonic manuscripts and in popular Bulgari-an culture (as represented in fieldwork interviews). The most frequently used options are “view object” and “view date”. Most often articles on popular saints amongst Bulgarians were read, such as St. Basil the Great, St. Kliment of Ohrid, St. George, and St. Petka of Tarnovo. Less often are searches by combined parameters and an increase of their frequency is observable in 2019-2021.
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I discuss sources, main stages and results of digital three-dimensional reconstruction of destroyed houses from the 19th century in the town of Teteven. The goal is to test a new model of preservation of architectural heritage which exists now only in archived drawings and to establish new conditions of rethinking its value in virtual reality. I introduce the concept of monuments of absence insofar as the digital avatars possess authenticity and sacredness.
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In this paper, we review different approaches of providing personalization for cultural heritage content – several static and adaptive approaches, and recommendation systems. The purpose of our research is to compare these methods, evaluate their feasibility for certain types of applications in the field. We outline the needs for personalized experience involving cultural heritage content and describe how those needs are addressed by the different approaches, and point the challenges, benefits, and disadvantages of each of these methods.
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This paper presents a concept for a serious game based on an augmented reality representation of a mural artwork located in the National Library “Ivan Vazov” in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The mural features the renowned Bulgarian author Ivan Vazov in the center, surrounded by characters from his literary works. By using a head-mounted display in front of the mural, the players would see movement of the characters and will be able to interact with them in a gamified augmented reality environment. The serious game proposed in this paper offers a solution to the engagement of players with literature and textual heritage within a broader cultural context.
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This paper explores the intersection of e-Governance and cultural heritage digitization, discussing its potential impact on the economy and social life amid rapid advancements in Information and communication technologies (ICT).
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This paper aims to present a comprehensive overview of the new interactive exposition centre at Aquae Calidae, Burgas, Bulgaria, which was opened in 2022. Innovative technologies for digitalization and presentation of cultural heritage have been incorporated into the centre to provide visitors with a captivating journey through time and immersive experiences. The focus is on the utilization of the famous historical place into a modern tourist complex with a replica of a Roman bath with hot mineral water and an interactive museum with room featuring 3D mapping to transport visitors to different historical eras, 3D glasses for virtual reality (VR) displaying the digitalized objects and representation of the ancient baths interior, interactive floor games utilizing authentic artifacts, and a photo challenge that captures the visitors in four time periods. By exploring the implementation and impact of these technologies, this paper seeks to highlight the significance of such interactive experiences in promoting cultural appreciation, education and tourism.
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This paper explores the digital approaches for the presentation of tourist sites with historical significance, focusing on the integration of cutting-edge technologies and innovative strategies. It investigates the use of virtual reality (VR), digital libraries and interactive web platforms to create immersive and interactive experiences for visitors. The paper highlights the benefits of these digital approaches in enhancing tourism, conservation efforts, and cultural understanding. Additionally, it discusses the role of digital representations in preserving both – the tangible and intangible heritage, while also promoting global accessibility, passing down the generations, volunteering and cultural exchange. Through case studies and examples, the paper showcases the transformative potential of digital approaches in presenting and safeguarding cultural heritage.
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The paper gives an overview on the current landscape and the activities on national and institutional level regarding Open Science, Open Access to scientific information, Open Data, Bulgarian Open Science Cloud.
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