Integracja między narodami jako wyzwanie dla katolickiej nauki społecznej

Author(s): Andrzej Zwoliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (10)/2014

In the social teaching of the Church there is still a growing trend towards global recognition of social problems as well as a call for the global cooperation. Globalization is treated as a  tool to enhance the well-being of humanity. At the same time the social teaching indicates that in the control of the global market cannot participate only national authorities or international ones, but also social forces. This is consistent with the principle of subsidiarity, which emphasizes the role of intermediate strength between the individual and the state and international centers. For the defense of the common good of humanity, it is necessary to take into account the analysis of the ethical aspect of integration processes. It points to respect the values of dignity and human rights, justice, solidarity, kindness, non-violence, peace among people and nations. Ethics goes beyond the pragmatic calculations, which are focused on values and universal norms.

ИНТЕГРАЦИЯТА НА ПОЛУЧИЛИТЕ ЗАКРИЛА В БЪЛГАРИЯ ГРАЖДАНИ ОТ ТРЕТИ СТРАНИ – НОРМАТИВНА РАМКА, НАЦИОНАЛНИ ПРАКТИКИ И МЕСТНИ ПОЛИТИКИ

Author(s): Lydia Staikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

The article presents the current regulations, circumstances, practices and policies with regard to integration of citizens of third countries who have been granted asylum in Bulgaria. First it presents the newly adopted National integration strategy 2014-2020. Then it explores several aspects of social inclusion – identity, accommodation, social benefits, work and education. Finally, it focuses on the implications for the region of Haskovo.

Orzecznictwo austriackiego Sądu Najwyższego w sprawie reprezentacji wyznaniowych osób prawnych Kościoła Katolickiego

Author(s): Marek Strzała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2017

The Austrian Supreme Court, in a similar way to the Polish Supreme Court, states that canon law rules governing church property are relevant in the field of acts of legal entities of the Catholic Church. Hence, the views and arguments presented in its judgements in cases concerning the management of ecclesiastical property are also important for Polish legal practice. Between 1959 and 2013 a number of judgements were issued. There were a variety of cases, starting from the sale of the immovable property, through leasing it, and ending with the sale of fishery rights and contract of employment. In relation to those events a number of relevant legal views were stated by the Austrian Supreme Court. It considered the meaning of the term “alienation” (in the strict and broad sense), the obligation of a judge to examine canon law requirements for managing ecclesiastical property, the relevance of the particular canon law, the possibility of giving consent required by canon law per facta concludentia and scope of proxy authorization to manage church property. The question of treating the lease as an alienation in terms of the Code of Canon Law has also been raised. The case-law deals with many problems associated with the application of canon law in practice and provides a number of arguments to the parties in possible court proceedings.

Noszenie chusty islamskiej w miejscu pracy a prawa i wolności innych podmiotów prawa. Rozważania na kanwie wyroków Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 14 marca 2017 r. w sprawach: Samira Achbita przeciwko G4S Secure Solutions (C-157/15

Author(s): Michał Ożóg / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2017

The aim of this article is to present an analysis of the EU Court of Justice’s rulings of March 17th 2017, in the Samira Achbita vs. G4S Secure Solutions case (C–157/15) and the Asma Bougnaoui vs. Micropole case (C–188/15), in the context of the exercise of the freedom of thought, conscience and religion in situations involving contact with other entities. The problem of wearing a headscarf is presented with reference to the client’s freedom of belief and the company’s policy of religious and ideological neutrality. The article provides a critical view of the ruling due to the court’s failing to take into account the specific character of the freedom to express one’s religious beliefs. Special attention was paid to the question of religion, as one of grounds of discrimination being prohibited by Directive 2000/78/EC, as well as to the expression of religious, ideological or philosophical beliefs, and the problem of proselytism in the workplace.

Konferencja z okazji obchodów 500-lecia Reformacji pt. Kościół Ewangelicko-Augsburski w relacjach z Państwem – aspekty ustrojowe i prawne, Kraków, 9 października 2017 r.

Author(s): Michał Ożóg,Marek Strzała,Maciej Mikuła,Zdzisław Zarzycki,Katarzyna Krzysztofek-Strzała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2017

Rozi izvještaj 2018. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba u bosni i hercegovini

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Liam Isić,Jozo Blažević,Lejla Huremović,Darko Pandurević,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2018

Tokom protekle tri godine došlo je do određenih unapređenja pravnog okvira za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osiguranje ravnopravnosti LGBTI osoba. Međutim, istraživanje potreba i problema u LGBTI zajednici u BiH provedeno 2017. godine pokazalo je da su govor mržnje, diskriminacija i nasilje nad LGBTI zajednicom i dalje široko prisutni u bh. društvu. LGBTI osobe često nisu u mogućnosti voditi uobičajen život niti realizirati neke od osnovnih životnih i društveno-kulturnih potreba (npr. biti otvoreni o svom ljubavnom odnosu, izražavati svoj rod i sl.), dok strah od nasilja, diskriminacije i/ili odbačenosti nerijetko rezultira i ekstremnijim oblicima samoizolacije, izbjegavanja određenih kulturnih i društvenih aktivnosti, izražavanja svjetonazora i sl. Praćenjem diskriminacije i nasilja transrodne osobe su se izdvojile kao posebno ranjiva grupa tokom 2017. godine, te je čak i medijsko izvještavanje, inače neutralno, bilo senzacionalističko i usmjereno samo na proces prilagodbe spola, umjesto na transfobno okruženje i posljedice života u takvom okruženju za transrodne osobe u BiH. Negativan trend rasta broja slučajeva nasilja u porodici i međuvršnjačkog nasilja na osnovu SORISK-a nastavio se i u 2017. godini, a i dalje izostaje konkretan institucionalni plan za suzbijanje međuvršnjačkog nasilja i razvijanje inkluzivne i tolerantne obrazovne sredine, koja bi uključivala i LGBTI perspektivu. Najviše zabrinjava trend ograničavanja slobode okupljanja LGBTI osoba raznim administrativnim preprekama na lokalnom i kantonalnom nivou, koji bi, ukoliko se dugoročno nastavi, mogao ozbiljno narušiti i suziti prostor za rad organizacija civilnog društva koje se bave zaštitom prava LGBTI osoba, te LGBTI aktivista_kinja. Svi evidentirani trendovi rasta nasilja i diskriminacije, te ograničavanja sloboda i prava LGBTI osoba praćeni su, nažalost, sporadičnim djelovanjem većine institucija nadležnih za zaštitu i promociju ljudskih prava, uključujući i prava LGBTI osoba. To je prostor koji pogoduje stvaranju klime u kojoj je navodna sigurnost, koju cijene razni društveni akteri koji ne bi trebali, niti smiju odlučivati o pravima i slobodama, bitnija od zaštite prava i sloboda, te jednakog tretmana LGBTI osoba. Nedostatak sistematičnog, brzog i adekvatnog odgovora institucija može dalje narušiti već nizak stepen povjerenja LGBTI osoba u institucije, pogotovo one koje se nalaze na prvoj liniji odbrane od kršenja ljudskih prava, a to su policija i pravosuđe, kao i lokalne institucije zadužene za pružanje servisa i LGBTI građanima_kama.

2018 Pink Report - Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI Persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Vladana Vasić,Emina Bošnjak,Darko Pandurević,Liam Isić,Jozo Blažević,Lejla Huremović / Language(s): English Issue: */2018

The legislative framework for protecting the human rights of LGBTI persons and ensuring their equality has improved somewhat in the past three years. However, our research on the needs and problems of the LGBTI community in BiH conducted in 2017 has shown that hate speech, discrimination and violence against the LGBTI community are still a widespread occurrence. LGBTI persons are often unable to lead a normal life or meet basic human, social or cultural needs (e.g. be open about their romantic relationships, express their gender, etc.). The fear of violence, discrimination and/or exclusion frequently results in extreme self-isolation and reluctance to engage in certain cultural or social activities, express one’s views, etc. The results of monitoring discrimination and violence throughout 2017 show that transgender persons are particularly vulnerable. Even media reporting, which is usually neutral, took a sensationalist tone and focused exclusively on the sex-reassignment process, instead of the transphobic environment and its effects on the life of transgender persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The negative trend of growing domestic violence and peer violence on the grounds of SOGISC continued in 2017. There is still no concrete, institutional plan to combat peer violence and develop an inclusive, tolerant learning environment that incorporates the LGBTI perspective. Restricting freedom of assembly of LGBTI persons through administrative obstacles on the local and cantonal level is the most alarming trend. If it continues, this trend could seriously jeopardise and limit the work of LGBTI activists and civil society organisations that work on protecting the rights of LGBTI persons. Unfortunately, the growing violence, discrimination and restriction of the rights and freedoms of LGBTI persons elicited only sporadic responses from most institutions in charge of protecting and promoting human rights, including the rights of LGBTI persons. This creates a climate in which alleged security issues, assessed by various social actors who should not and cannot make decisions impacting people’s rights and freedoms, take precedence over protecting the rights and freedoms of LGBTI persons and ensuring equal treatment. The lack of a systematic, quick and adequate response from the authorities may further undermine the faith of LGBTI persons in the institutions, especially those most responsible for protecting human rights: the police and judiciary, as well as local institutions in charge of providing services to LGBTI citizens.

Pink Report 2016 - Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI People in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Vladana Vasić,Saša Gavrić,Emina Bošnjak / Language(s): English Issue: */2015

2015 has not been a year of great progress in terms of LGBTI people’s (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex) human rights, compared to 2014: the number of cases of discrimination and violence on the grounds of sexual orientation documented by the Sarajevo Open Centre has not gone down – it has actually gone up. The number of LGBTI individuals who contacted Sarajevo Open Centre looking for help in seeking asylum, changing the gender category in official documents and looking for adequate psychological support (which is particularly important for trans* individuals who are going through transition – gender-reassignment), or because they need documentation to be able to enter into marriage/same-sex partnership in states which recognize this, has also gone up, which implies that there have been no structural changes that have significantly improved the quality of life of LGBTI individuals and their inclusion in the BiH society. The media reporting in 2015 shows insufficient progress – mostly in the form of an increase in the number of articles that present LGBTI people and topics neutrally. A particularly worrying trend is inadequate processing of the attacks on LGBTI individuals, mostly in cases where they exercise their right to public assembly: the case of Merlinka in 2014 and the attack on the visitors of the Art Kriterion Cinema. While the police and the legal system have made barely any progress in their protection of LGBTI people’s rights, despite a three-years long cooperation with the Sarajevo Open Centre, spring of 2015 has indicated a new approach by the legislative and executive branch at state and entity levels; a shift towards working on improving the legal and policy frameworks for protection of LGBTI people’s rights. In May 2015 the State Parliament held the first special session on the state of LGBTI people’s human rights in BiH, and formed three concise conclusions. However, the initial enthusiasm experienced by the LGBTI activists deflated, because almost a year later the conclusions have yet to be implemented and achieved. This act, nevertheless, opened the door for further cooperation between the Civil Society representatives who work on LGBTI people’s rights and the Parliamentary Committees for Human Rights and Gender Equality. In December 2015, authorities made another pioneering move: the Government of Republika Srpska passed their Annual Plan for Implementation of the Gender Action Plan (GAP) for 2016, which also contains specific measures for protection of LGBTI people’s rights. The government of FBiH followed soon after in March of 2016. This is the first time that the governments in Bosnia and Herzegovina are including LGBTI people’s rights in their action plans. It remains to be seen how these measures will be implemented, but our hopes are high, especially because of the evolving partnership between the Sarajevo Open Centre and the institutional mechanisms for gender equality. In December 2015 the Council of Ministers BiH confirmed the draft proposal of the Law on Changes and Amendments of the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination, which includes amendments submitted by the Sarajevo Open Centre that would ensure better protection from discrimination for all LGBTI individuals. The Law should enter legislative procedure in 2016.

2017 Pink Report - Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI People in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Vladana Vasić,Inela Hadžić,Darko Pandurević / Language(s): English Issue: */2017

The years 2016 and 2017 brought about significant changes in the context of the number of violations of LGBTI human rights documented by Sarajevo Open Centre. The number of cases of discrimination and violence on the ground of sexual orientation documented by Sarajevo Open Centre did not decrease, neither did the number of LGBTI persons who contacted Sarajevo Open Centre in search of assistance in asylum seeking, changing the sex marker in documents, adequate psychological support or help in obtaining documents required for marriage/same-sex partnership in countries which allow it. Of particular concern is the increase of domestic violence and peer violence motivated by sexual orientation or gender identity, and the growing number of open and public instances of homophobic and transphobic views in the academic institutions and the academia as a whole. It is clear that, in addition to amendments to laws and public policies, it is necessary for the institutions in BiH to develop specific programmes and measures of action to combat intolerance, xenophobia, violence, and discrimination and to encourage social inclusion of LGBTI people. The improvement of the legal framework in BiH – the amendments to the Anti-Discrimination Law and introduction of sex characteristics as a protected ground, the amendments to the Criminal Code of FBIH and regulation of hate crime – is certainly commendable but these legal novelties should however be introduced into the mandatory training of civil servants, the judiciary and the police. The general public should also be informed about them to contribute to their implementation and the achievement of their purpose. The first step in that regard has already been made in the Gender Action Plan operational plans of entity governments and the Council of Ministers, but this type of action with regard to LGBTI human rights must continue and become more comprehensive. The Special Report on LGBTI Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina produced by the Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH is the first of its kind and certainly serves as basis for the change of attitude towards LGBTI human rights in BiH. In its analysis of the situation and recommendations, the report departs from the practice of healing the consequences and takes a proactive approach to the improvement of human rights of LGBTI citizens in BiH with the overall goal to improve the conditions of their everyday life in BiH and to respect their human dignity.

Rozi izvještaj 2017. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Vladana Vasić,Inela Hadžić,Darko Pandurević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2017

Dvijehiljadešesnaesta i početak 2017. godine u odnosu na svoje prethodnice ne donose značajne promjene u kontekstu broja slučajeva kršenja ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba koje Sarajevski otvoreni centar dokumentuje. Broj slučajeva diskriminacije i nasilja na osnovu seksualne orijentacije koju je Sarajevski otvoreni centar dokumentovao nije se smanjio, kao ni broj LGBTI osoba koje su kontaktirale Sarajevski otvoreni centar u potrazi za pomoći pri traženju azila, promjeni oznake spola u dokumentima, adekvatnoj psihološkoj podršci ili pri vađenju dokumenata koji su potrebni da bi se sklopio brak/ istospolno partnerstvo u državama u kojima je to moguće. Posebno zabrinjava porast nasilja u porodici i međuvršnjačkog nasilja motivisanog seksualnom orijentacijom ili rodnim identitetom, te sve češće otvoreno i javno izražavanje homofobnih i transfobnih stavova unutar akademskih institucija i akademske zajednice. Jasno je da je pored izmjena zakona i javnih politika, neophodno da institucije u BiH razviju konkretne programe i mjere djelovanja u cilju suzbijanja netolerancije, ksenofobije, nasilja i diskriminacije, a poticanja društvene inkluzije LGBTI osoba. Svakako je za pohvalu unapređenje zakonskog okvira u BiH kroz izmjene i dopune Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije i uvođenje spolnih karakteristika kao zaštićenog osnova, izmjene i dopune Krivičnog zakona FBiH i regulaciju krivičnih djela počinjenih iz mržnje, ali neophodno je ove zakonske novitete uvesti u obaveznu edukaciju državnih službenika_ca, predstavnika_ca pravosuđa i policije, kao i o njima informisati javnost da bi se doprinijelo njihovoj boljoj primjeni i ostvarenju njihove svrhe. Prvi korak u tom smjeru svakako je napravljen kroz operativne planove entitetskih vlada i Vijeća Ministara za provedbu Gender akcionog plana, ali ovakav vid djelovanja mora se nastaviti, te biti sveobuhvatniji kada su u pitanju ljudska prava LGBTI osoba. Specijalni izvještaj o pravima LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini Institucije ombudsmena za ljudska prava BiH kao prvi izvještaj ove vrste svakako je osnov za promjenu odnosa prema ljudskim pravima LGBTI osoba u BiH. Izvještaj u analizi stanja i svojim preporukama donosi otklon od saniranja posljedica ka principu proaktivnog unapređenja ljudskih prava LGBTI građana_ki u BiH u cilju poboljšanja uslova za njihov svakodnevni život u BiH i poštivanje njihovog ljudskog dostojanstva.

Pink Report 2016: Annual report on the state of human rights of LGBTI People in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Saša Gavrić,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): English Issue: */2016

2015 has not been a year of great progress in terms of LGBTI people’s (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex) human rights, compared to 2014: the number of cases of discrimination and violence on the grounds of sexual orientation documented by the Sarajevo Open Centre has not gone down – it has actually gone up. The number of LGBTI individuals who contacted Sarajevo Open Centre looking for help in seeking asylum, changing the gender category in official documents and looking for adequate psychological support (which is particularly important for trans* individuals who are going through transition – gender-reassignment), or because they need documentation to be able to enter into marriage/same-sex partnership in states which recognize this, has also gone up, which implies that there have been no structural changes that have significantly improved the quality of life of LGBTI individuals and their inclusion in the BiH society. The media reporting in 2015 shows insufficient progress – mostly in the form of an increase in the number of articles that present LGBTI people and topics neutrally. A particularly worrying trend is inadequate processing of the attacks on LGBTI individuals, mostly in cases where they exercise their right to public assembly: the case of Merlinka in 2014 and the attack on the visitors of the Art Kriterion Cinema. While the police and the legal system have made barely any progress in their protection of LGBTI people’s rights, despite a three-years long cooperation with the Sarajevo Open Centre, spring of 2015 has indicated a new approach by the legislative and executive branch at state and entity levels; a shift towards working on improving the legal and policy frameworks for protection of LGBTI people’s rights. In May 2015 the State Parliament held the first special session on the state of LGBTI people’s human rights in BiH, and formed three concise conclusions. However, the initial enthusiasm experienced by the LGBTI activists deflated, because almost a year later the conclusions have yet to be implemented and achieved. This act, nevertheless, opened the door for further cooperation between the Civil Society representatives who work on LGBTI people’s rights and the Parliamentary Committees for Human Rights and Gender Equality. In December 2015, authorities made another pioneering move: the Government of Republika Srpska passed their Annual Plan for Implementation of the Gender Action Plan (GAP) for 2016, which also contains specific measures for protection of LGBTI people’s rights. The government of FBiH followed soon after in March of 2016. This is the first time that the governments in Bosnia and Herzegovina are including LGBTI people’s rights in their action plans. It remains to be seen how these measures will be implemented, but our hopes are high, especially because of the evolving partnership between the Sarajevo Open Centre and the institutional mechanisms for gender equality. In December 2015 the Council of Ministers BiH confirmed the draft proposal of the Law on Changes and Amendments of the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination, which includes amendments submitted by the Sarajevo Open Centre that would ensure better protection from discrimination for all LGBTI individuals. The Law should enter legislative procedure in 2016.

Rozi izvještaj. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2014. godini

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Saša Gavrić,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2014

Objavljivanjem već četvrtu godinu zaredom Rozog izvještaja, godišnjeg izvještaja o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini, Sarajevski otvoreni centar nastavlja sa svojim intenzivnim zagovaračkim radom u oblasti prava LGBT osoba. Rozi izvještaj je ujedno i jedini izvještaj u BiH ekskluzivno posvećen pravima LGBT osoba. Događaji i pojave koje su obilježile 2014. godinu s obzirom na prava LGBT osoba mogu se sažeti u sljedeće: - Politička stagnacija, uzrokovana predizbornom kampanjom, postizbornim pregovorima i političkom nestabilnošću, dovela je do toga da od proljeća pa do kraja 2014. godine nije bilo moguće pokretati bilo kakve relevantne zagovaračke inicijative, naročito kada govorimo o izmjeni zakonodavstva i usvajanju strateških dokumenata; - Predizborna kampanja, politički programi stranaka te procesi u parlamentima i vladama pokazali su da su prava LGBT osoba politički irelevantna. Nijedna stranka ovo pitanje nije prepoznala kao relevantan problem, te nisu ponudili nikakva rješenja. Na sjednicama vlada i parlamenata do sada se nikad nije diskutovalo o pravima LGBT osoba; - Federacija BiH, i pored toga što su u Parlamentu bile dvije inicijative, nije bila u stanju da izmijeni Krivični zakon FBiH i da u njega ugradi odredbe koje se odnose na krivična djela počinjena iz mržnje te govor mržnje; - Nisu usvojeni strateški dokumenti koji bi prepoznali stanje prava LGBT osoba te ponudili rješenja i mjere za unapređenje prava LGBT osoba. Institucija ombudsmena nije prihvatila da izradi specijalni izvještaj o stanju prava LGBT osoba, a o drugim državnim strateškim dokumentima, kakva bi bila strategija za suzbijanje diskriminacije ili strategija za unapređenja prava LGBT osoba, nikada se nije ni diskutovalo; - Aktivizam za prava LGBT osoba doživio je procvat. Pored toga što su postojeće inicijative / organizacije (npr. Q Sport ili Udruženje Okvir) intenzivirale svoj rad, stvoreni su i novi aktivistički nukleusi. Banjalučko udruženje kvir aktivista_kinja registrovalo se tokom 2014. godine, te je realiziralo različite kampanje i događaje. U Mostaru je u proceduri registracija udruženja LibertaMo, a u Tuzli djeluje neformalna inicijativa TANKA; - Nasilje nad LGBT osobama se, u odnosu na 2013. godinu, povećalo. LGBT osobe, ali i LGBT aktivisti_kinje postali_e su meta sve učestalijih napada. Ipak, tokom 2014. godine donesene su i dvije presude koje potvrđuju kršenja prava LGBT osoba. Između ostalog, odlukom Ustavnog suda BiH potvrđeno je da je pravo na javno okupljanje LGBT osoba bilo onemogućeno u slučaju Queer Sarajevo Festivala. Ovo je prva odluka jednog ustavnog suda u vezi sa pravima LGBT osoba u BiH. BIH i dalje ostaje država koja već godinama ignoriše potrebe jednog velikog dijela stanovništva koje kroz određene zahtjeve za konkretnim aktivnostima artikuliše civilno društvo i međunarodna zajednica. Trenutno nema naznake da će se ovakav odnos bh. vlasti promijeniti, a homofobija i transfobija i dalje imaju dominantan utjecaj u samim državnim institucijama i tijelima. Kako bi se unaprijedila prava LGBT osoba, Sarajevski otvoreni centar i ove godine predlaže tri prioritetne mjere koje nadležne institucije trebaju poduzeti.

Pink Report. Annual Report on the State of the Human Rights of LGBT People in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2014

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Saša Gavrić,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): English Issue: */2014

In publishing the Pink Report, the annual report on the state of human rights of LGBT people in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2014, Sarajevo Open Centre continues with its intensive advocacy work in the field of LGBT rights. The Pink Report is the only one of its kind in BiH dedicated exclusively to covering the human rights of LGBT individuals. It is being published for the fourth year in a row. When we speak about the rights of LGBT people, we can conclude that the following important events occurred in 2014: - Political stagnation, caused by the election campaign, post-election negotiations, and political instability have brought about a situation in which, from the spring until the end of 2014, it was impossible to implement any relevant advocacy initiatives, particularly where the amending of legislation or adoption of strategic documents were concerned; - The election campaign, political parties’ programs, and the processes in parliaments and governments have shown that the rights of LGBT people are politically irrelevant. Not a single party recognized this as a relevant problem, and no solutions were offered. Until this point, there has not been a single discussion about the rights of LGBT people at any governmental or parliamentary session; - The Federation of BiH was not able to change the FBiH Criminal Code, despite the fact that there were two initiatives in the parliament. The Criminal Code should be amended to incorporate provisions related to the criminal offenses of hate crimes and hate speech; - Strategic documents that would have recognized the state of the rights of LGBT people and offer solutions and measures for the improvement of the rights of LGBT people were not adopted. The Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH failed to draft a special report on the state of the rights of LGBT people. No other national documents, such as a strategy on combatting discrimination or a strategy for improving the rights of LGBT people were never even discussed. - Activism for the rights of LGBT people flourished. In addition to the existing initiatives and organizations (for example, Q Sport or Okvir Association), which intensified their work, a number of new activist nuclei were formed. A Banja Lukabased association of queer activists was registered in 2014, and implemented a number of campaigns and carried out various activities. The Association LibertaMo is currently in the process of registration in Mostar, and the informal TANKA initiative is active in Tuzla; - In comparison to 2013, violence against LGBT people increased. LGBT individuals, as well as LGBT activists, became the targets of more frequent attacks. However, during 2014, two judgments were delivered that confirmed the violation of the rights of LGBT people. A judgment of the Constitutional Court of BiH confirmed that the right to gather in public was violated in the case of the Queer Sarajevo Festival. This is the first decision of the Constitutional Court dealing with the rights of LGBT individuals in BiH. Despite the articulated efforts and calls for concrete actions of civil society and international community, BH authorities remain ignorant of the needs of a large segment of its population. At the moment there are no indications that this attitude of BH authorities will change, all the while homophobia and transphobia remain a common experience in the governmental institutions. In order to improve the rights of LGBT people, Sarajevo Open Centre is proposing three priority measures to be taken by the competent institutions this year.

Rozi izvještaj. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2013. godini.

Author(s): Mariña Barreiro,Vladana Vasić,Jordan Maze,Saša Gavrić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2013

Iskustva homofobije i transfobije su i dalje vrlo česta u BiH sa ograničenom ili nikakvom akcijom poduzetom od strane autoriteta u cilju zaustavljanja takvih vrsta diskriminacije, zlostavljanja i nasilja. Redovni napadi na LGBT osobe i na branioce i braniteljke LGBT ljudskih prava, komentari puni mržnje u štampanim, elektronskim i video medijima podstiču atmosferu netolerancije usmjerene prema LGBT osobama. Kompleksni federativni sistem, nizak nivo napretka u polju vladavine zakona, te generalno nizak nivo vidljivosti LGBT osoba i LGBT aktivizma dopuštaju političkim strukturama u BiH nemar pri zaštiti LGBT prava. Pozitivna strana priče o LGBT pravima u BiH se ogleda u činjenici da policija pokazuje više pažnje prema specifičnosti LGBT pitanja. Ovaj napor za povećanje povjerenja LGBT osoba u vladine institucije kao i broj prijavljenih slučajeva rezultirao je time da su u jednom kantonu FBiH, preciznije u Kantonu Sarajevo, policijske strukture pokrenule rad na vlastitom osvješćavanju kroz saradnju sa civilnim društvom i Sarajevskim otvorenim centrom. Međutim, napad tokom festivala Merlinka pokazuje da LGBT osobama sloboda okupljanja nije zagarantovana. Postoji očita potreba za daljim radom i saradnjom sa institucijama izvršne vlasti (policijom, uredom tužilaštva i sudovima). Kršenje ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u BiH prestavlja mnogo širi spektar individualnih slučajeva diskriminacije ili nasilja, te ističe nemar institucija i zakonodavnih organa koje zanemaruju potrebe i prava LGBT osoba, kao i nedostatak volje u državnim institucijama za implementaciju bh. zakona. Prema kvalitativnom istraživanju dr. Zlatiborke Momčinović, Ko smo mi da sudimo drugima?, postoji veoma nizak nivo senzibiliteta bh. populacije prema lezbejkama, gejevima, biseksualcima_kama, i transrodnim (LGBT) osobama, kao i manjak znanja o problemima sa kojima se LGBT osobe suočavaju. 56,5% ispitanih misli kako “homoseksualnost mora biti izliječena”1 , što je dokaz o nedostatku znanja kao i uvriježenim stereotipima prema homoseksualnosti, uprkos činjenici da je ista uklonjena sa liste bolesti i socijalnih poremećaja. Za tri četvrtine ispitanika_ca ljubljenje istospolnih parova u javnosti nije dopustivo, dok je pitanje promjene spola odbojno za 59,5% ispitanih osoba. Tokom 2013. godine LGBT zajednica je postala vidljivija u bh. društvu, posebice zahvaljujući radu organizacija za promociju ljudskih prava u području sprječavanja diskriminacije i nasilja protiv LGBT osoba. Unatoč tome, veliki broj LGBT osoba još uvijek se skriva, što čini nevidljivost jednim od najvećih problema u zajednici. Prvi korak u prepoznavanju i zaštiti zasniva se upravo na vidljivosti i zahtijevanju svojih prava, a taj korak postaje posebno bitan u okviru kompleksnog političkog konteksta kao što je u BiH danas. Iz ovih razloga akcija državnih institucija prema usvajanju mjera za osiguravanje zaštite protiv diskriminacije i/ili nasilja svih osoba, uključujući LGBT osobe, postaje imperativ. Stoga je neophodno da FBiH napravi amandman Krivičnog zakona u koji će uključiti zločine iz mržnje, pa tako i zločine iz mržnje izvršene na temelju seksualne orijentacije i rodnog identiteta. Uz to je potreban trening policajaca_ki, sudija_nica i tužioca_teljki, zdravstvenih radnika_ca, obrazovnog osoblja i ostalih državnih službenika_ca na području cijele države u vidu specijalne edukacije iz oblasti ljudskih prava i problema s kojima se suočavaju LGBT osobe u BiH.

Rozi izvještaj. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u BiH u 2012. godini

Author(s): Mariña Barreiro,Vladana Vasić,Saša Gavrić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2012

Vlasti u BiH nisu svjesne da su LGBT osobe dio našeg društva, te smatraju da su prava LGBT osoba manje važna od prava drugih grupa. Ovaj stav se uglavnom opravdava veoma malim brojem vidljivih LGBT osoba i uobičajenim mišljenjem da to (misleći na homoseksualnost) i oni_e (misleći na LGBT osobe) ne postoji_e u BiH. Kada se raspravlja o LGBT pravima, bh. institucije nisu dovoljno senzibilne da primjete ili da se bave pitanjima i problemima sa kojima se LGBT osobe susreću svakodnevno, te pretpostavljaju da je zabrana diskriminacije, koja je regulisana u Zakonu o zabrani diskriminacije u BiH, dovoljna za omogućavanje zaštite i jednakosti LGBT osoba sa ostalim građanima BiH. Obzirom da LGBT teme postaju sve vidljivije u BiH, kako kroz medije koji još uvijek izvještavaju na senzacionalistički i šokantan način u cilju privlačenja gledatelja_ki, tako i kroz aktivizam i rad organizacija koje se bave LGBT pravima, govor mržnje i zločini počinjeni iz mržnje prema LGBT osobama su postali evidentniji u prethodnoj, 2012. godini. Porast vidljivosti LGBT aktivizma u 2012. godini je propraćen ozbiljnim i prijetećim govorom mržnje na web portalima. U svim slučajevima koji su predstavljeni u ovom izvještaju, odgovora vlasti ili nije bilo ili je njihov odgovor bio nedovoljan, a u nekim slučajevima, počinioci_teljice tih incidenata su bili_e državni_e dužnosnici_e. Vlasti konstantno i dosljedno ne uspijevaju ili odbijaju da osude govor mržnje i netoleranciju prema LGBT osobama, odnosno da sankcionišu počinitelje_ice, što dovodi do nepovjerenja u državne institucije od strane LGBT osoba. Ovaj nedostatak povjerenja kod LGBT osoba rezultira neprijavljivanjem ozbiljnijih incidenata i slučajeva poput diskriminacije i zločina počinjenih iz mržnje. Prvi korak ka boljem prepoznavanju i zaštiti ljudskih prava LGBT osoba je harmonizacija postojeće legislative sa Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije u BiH, koja se trebala izvršiti do 2010. godine, ali ni do danas nije. Ostale izmjene legislative koje se moraju desiti, u cilju promocije i povećanja zaštite ljudskih prava LGBT osoba, kao i individua i manjinskih grupa u BiH, su uvođenje zločina počinjenih iz mržnje i zabrana govora mržnje u Krivični zakon Federacije BiH. Vlasti bi također trebale biti svjesne da sama legislativa nije dovoljna za prevenciju kršenja ljudskih prava LGBT osoba, kao i da se svi ti zakoni i regulacije moraju sprovoditi. Vlasti bi također trebale organizovati obavezne treninge i edukacije za sve javne dužnosnike_ce i uposlenike_ce, kao što su policijski_e službenici_e i uposlenici_e javne uprave.

Stanje LGBT ljudskih prava u BiH u 2011. godini - Rozi izvještaj

Author(s): Lejla Huremović,Masha Durkalić,Damir Banović,Emina Bošnjak / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2011

Sarajevski otvoreni centar vam predstavlja prvu publikaciju o stanju LGBT ljudskih prava u Bosni i Hercegovini – Stanje LGBT ljudskih prava u BiH u 2011. godini - Rozi izvještaj. Publikacija Stanje LGBT ljudskih prava u BiH u 2011. godini – Rozi izvještaj je značajna kako za samu LGBT zajednicu u Bosni i Hercegovini, njeno jačanje i povećanje vidljivosti, tako i za različite društvene institucije, organizacije i pojedince/ke zainteresovane za ovu problematiku. Publikacija promoviše pozitivan stav i podizanje svijesti o značaju zaštite LGBT ljudskih prava. Rozi izvještaj se sastoji od tri dijela: prvi dio se bavi seksualnom orijentacijom i rodnim identitetom u kontekstu ljudskih prava u BiH, drugi dio je analiza medijskog izvještavanja o seksualnim manjinama u BiH dok treći dio predstavlja analizu upitnika o ugroženosti i nezaštićenosti LGBT populacije u BiH. Rozi izvještaj je dio programa Ljudska prava, kojim se Sarajevski otvoreni centar bavi i koji na ovaj način pokušava napraviti promjene u javnim institucijama i društvu. Publikacija je dio našeg javnog angažmana, te na ovaj način podstiče društveni razvoj i jačanje kapaciteta. Rozi izvještaj nije klasični izvještaj o ljudskim pravima jer ne predstavlja same slučajeve diskriminacije, zločina iz mržnje i nasilja na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i/ili rodnog identiteta. Sarajevski otvoreni centar gradi kapacitete vezano dokumentaciju nasilja i diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i/ili rodnog identiteta te vjerujemo da ćemo u narednoj, 2013. godini, moći objaviti izvještaj za 2012. godinu. Rozi izvještaj su priredili/e Lejla Huremović, Masha Durkalić, Damir Banović i Emina Bošnjak i Saša Gavrić. Autori i autorice se osvrću na stanje LGBT ljudskih prava s aspekta prava i zakona, zatim analiziraju izvještavanje štampanih medija te stavove i mišljenja LGBT zajednice u BiH i na taj način čitaoca/teljku informišu i daju prijedloge i preporuke/zaključke. Posebno se želimo zahvaliti ILGA Europe, koja nam je pružila finansijsku podršku tokom nastanka ove publikacije. ILGA Europe je međunarodna krovna nevladina organizacija koja okuplja 360 organizacija iz 44 od 49 država Evrope, radeći na jednakosti i ljudskim pravima lezbejki gejeva, biseksualnih, trans i interseks (LGBTI) osoba na nivou Evrope. Ovaj Rozi izvještaj će biti besplatno distribuiran nevladinim organizacijama i državnim organizacijama koje se bave promocijom ljudskih prava, kako bi što veći broj čitatelja i čitateljki imao pristup ovoj publikaciji. Nadamo se da će Vam ova publikacija pružiti značajne informacije. Bilo bi nam drago da nam se javite sa povratnom informacijom!

ЗНАЧЕНИЕТО НА РИМСКОТО ПРАВО ЗА ЮРИДИЧЕСКОТО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ВСТЪПИТЕЛНА ЛЕКЦИЯ

Author(s): Trayanov Trayan / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The article is devoted to the place of the university in modern education and the role of Roman law in law education. The author emphasizes the absence of a textbook that presents the subject thoroughly and thoroughly. Among the main issues that the article highlights are the materialistic spirit of time and the lack of awareness on the part of lawyers about the importance of historical disciplines, among which the most important is Roman law.

UNDERSTANDING AND COMBATING JUDICIAL CORRUPTION

Author(s): Aneta Arnaudovska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The research item of the paper is the term "judicial corruption". This particular term was ignored in the majority of countries of the Council of Europe. Judicial corruption as a term was first mentioned in the PACE documents- Resolution 1703 (2010) on judicial corruption. The author is trying to give answer to the question- Could there be a balance between establishing the responsibility of the judge and the independence guarantees? The term judicial corruption should not be manipulated with, i.e. the criminal cases of corruption where the judges and prosecutors are involved should be proved and led in line with all ECHR Article 6 fair trial requirements, and in compliance with the principle for presumption of innocence.

Pope John Paul II’s Criticism of “Human Rightism” and Its Further Development

Author(s): Roman Míčka / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The paper deals with the concept of human rights in Catholic social teaching, especially regarding the trends of the so-called human rightism, viz. the ideological broadening and utilitarian relativizing of the concept of human rights in recent decades. It concludes that since the constant reference point of the Catholic moral perspective on human rights is still primarily the concept of natural law, it does not accept all the developmental trends in this sphere and consists in a certain fairly narrow understanding of human rights. The criticism of the inadequate progression and errors in the sphere of the further expansive development of human rights began especially in the era of the pontificate of John Paul II and is still being developed.

ODGOVORNO DJELOVANJE VJERSKIH ZAJEDNICA NA JAVNOM PROSTORU

Author(s): Mato Zovkić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2018

Oni koji su organizirali ovaj okrugli stol u ime IZ BiH, napisali su u smjernicama pozvanim predavačima da žele doprinijeti „ublažavanju napetosti između religija i sekularnih određenja stvarnosti, kao i napetosti između religija i unutar religija". Također su istaknuli kako u BiH „prisutnost religija u javnom prostoru ima veću težinu negoli u zemljama zapadne Europe. S druge strane, u BiH kao tradicionalnom multietničkom i multireligijskom društvu raspravljanje pitanja religije i sekularnosti implicira osjetljivost i odgovornost". Kao kršćanin i građanin ove zemlje svim srcem podupirem ovo nastojanje. U kratkom vremenu koje nam je dodijeljeno mogu iznijeti neke misli kršćanskih sociologa religije, pravnika i teologa provjerene na osobnom iskustvu s drukčijima koji nisu opasnost, nego ljudske skupine i pojedinci sa svojim pravima i potrebama. Pri tome pretpostavljam kao razmjerno jasan pojam javnog prostora u socijalnoj etici.