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Russian Constructivists and “De Stijl” don’t make autonomic Art, but are looking for a universal principle for total reorganization of the human environment; in such way they hope to remove the chaos and ugliness. Beginning with enlarging the boundaries of Art, they are coming to the idea of Art without Aesthetics.
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This paper explores the paradoxical nature of contemporary art, which is a negation of all previous values, criteria and practices. It conceptualizes the problem of cognitive and aesthetic indistinguishability between art and non-art in 21st-century art practices. The result of the lack of criteria for judging and evaluation is the irrelevance of categories and differences. Aesthetic uncertainty is the new canon.
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The current paper is focused on the genealogy and the relevance of negative aesthetics as a distinct philosophical field and, in particular: 1) to draw a concept of the beautiful as a myth; then 2) to justify the need of a specific genealogy of loss of the beautiful, and, on this basis, 3) to bring out negative aesthetics in its main subject as a mythology of loss of the beautiful.
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The philosophy for children (P4C) approach is an educational movement that has developed over the years to become a substantial movement with great influence in the educational fields and in many educational systems in the world and is a pedagogical basis in these systems for both students and adults. A central goal of this movement is the advancement of the students' thinking, centered on the creative, critical, cooperative, and caring types of thinking in order to prepare them to be successful citizens in the future community life in the rapidly developing world. At the same time, the importance of creative thinking increased quickly over the years, and soon occupied an essential place in various areas of life. Within all varieties of philosophy for, or with children, the vehicle to their specific forms of thinking is the community of dialogical inquiry, a tight-knit group of like minded co-philosophers bound together by philosophical friendship whose essence is represented by the communitarian element. Because of the great and increasing importance of creative thinking in the educational field, a comprehensive study was carried out that examined the perception of science and technology teachers in the Arab elementary schools in Israel of seven of the central dimensions of creative thinking, with the teachers' perception of the factors that foster creative thinking at the center. Hence, examining the teachers' perception will form the basis for planning and carrying out any move required to advance the various educational goals. 313 teachers participated in the study who answered a questionnaire that was prepared and validated by content experts, went through a pilot, and was found to be very reliable so that it constitutes a solid research base on which to base findings and conclusions. A key conclusion arising from the part of the questionnaire with the 12 statements that examined the teachers' perception of the factors that foster creative thinking is that significant and many changes are required in the education systems, educational policies, curricula, methods, tools, and the teaching, learning and assessment environments to promote creative thinking. This article briefly describes the research process carried out for the purpose of examining the teachers' perception of the factors that foster students' creative thinking, presents the main findings and conclusions, and mainly discusses in detail how the Philosophy for Children (P4C) approach can be a significant way that enables the promotion of students' creative thinking based on the research findings and conclusions of examining the teachers' perception of the factors that foster students' creative thinking.
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The fact that from the perspective of Camil Petrescu’s philosophy all attempts to find a method ended in a resounding and constant failure, is likely to determine the change of position towards the very concept of the method. Any method, it is known from Descartes, seeks a rule according to which the judgment should be conducted in order to find clear knowledge. But clear knowledge, apart from that which we learn by intuition and by transfers of intuition, does not exist. Such knowledge is given in a substantial intuition. The knowledge of dialectical thinking, although certain, is not true knowledge. The dialectical essence is knowledge obtained by traditional methods, clear knowledge but not true, valid but not concrete. The concrete essence belongs to substantialism, but the simple concrete essence is a given without being a knowledge. We must find out the meaning of this concrete essence. The substantialist method can be called the ability to see sensitive, and to this sensitive, the authenticity and the substantial are ways of existence. In summary, we can find the conditions of the method in: the acceptance of the intuition of the essences, in the fact that the essence acquires its meaning from its relation to the concrete, through concrete thinking and then, thirdly, in what we can call adequacy. The essence of the method and its good functioning by respecting the imperatives has in view, as a goal, the substantialist certainty meant to replace the perfect certainty of the dialectic. It’s about the certainty of the given, the “new idol” – the concrete. This text proposes some new requirements and criteria of the substantialist method, more precisely about experience, certainty and verification.
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The text is an excerpt from the book Complaints & Disorders. The Sexual Politics of Sickness, which is a continuation of the monograph Witches, Midwives, and Nurses. The authors try to prove that medical history was tainted with sexism, doctors consistently treated working-class women as a hotbed of disease, and rulers used Darwinism to introduce sexist and classist practices.
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Interviews by Galina Goncharova with:Dr. Vladimir Sotirov, psychiatrist, member of the Bulgarian Psychiatric Association, former president of the Sofia Psychiatric Society, co-founder and Director of the Mental Health Centre ‘Adaptacia’.
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he paper has several objectives linked to Deleuzoguattarian nomadology. After a brief reconstruction of the concept, it proposes a selective reading oriented towards commonist, autonomist and posthumanist tropes. In this reading, noma-dism is understood above all as a movement of countering or resisting enclosures and sustaining vital relations with broadly understood commons. It also critiques certain tendencies, present in Deleuze and Guattari, which make such reading unobvious: abstraction, deterritorialization and postmodern Nietzscheanism. The second part of the article is an inquiry on habits, still from a Deleuzoguattarian perspec-tive. It contests the traditional story about private property as a condition of the development of good habits and reveals an array of ‘nomadic habits’ outside of sedentary, bourgeois and capitalist models of social reproduction. It argues that such understood habits can be seen as the anthropological basis of commoning.
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During the period from the late XIX to the early XXI century, historians increasingly began paying attention to dimensionality in history, with this process intensified in the 1970s. Scholars started to actively use various cyclical scales for measuring crisis phenomena, from the 3–4-year Kitchin cycle, 12-year Ignatyev cycles, and 45–60-year Kondratyev cycles to the longue durée historical time concept of Braudel, the scales of historical time and space of Pomerants, 400–600-year Fursov cycles, etc. The concepts of socio-economic formations and the stadial development of civilizations became pertinent again. It was one of the typical signs of shifting from one scientific paradigm to another on the scale of cultural and historical eras. The article discusses two aspects of the posed problems: the concepts of postmodernity and post-postmodernity and the framework outlining the position of the modern source-study knowledge of historiographical sources in the current historical culture. The author examines the structural composition of historical knowledge and changes in the problems of modern source studies from the perspective of replacing the scientific paradigm of the modern era with the paradigm of the postmodern era as a new historical and cultural epoch. Approaches to the study of sources created by different paradigms coexist in science because of the diversity of functions and the synthetic nature of historical knowledge. The postmodern science raises the question of the cultural content of historical knowledge, which allows modern source studies to introduce into the orbit of its functioning techniques and methods for studying the same sources in generalizations of different logical capacity and, most importantly, to ensure comparable trajectories of the historical thought movement during the transition from one level of generalization to another. The article compares the possibilities of source studies as a special and systemic discipline and offers a dynamic model of the discursive fi eld of historiographical sources. The author emphasizes the demand of the current historical culture for mastering the multifactorial nature of the fi eld of source studies, the topological nature of historical knowledge, and the dynamic nature of the postmodern historical models.
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Today, technology, computer science and medicine are developing rapidly. Humanity can be proud of these achievements! However, the entire humanities have plunged into a deep crisis, so much so that there is talk of a crisis of philosophy, theology, ethics and literature. This, in turn, gives rise to a crisis of vocations, which is a well-known cause in Poland and Europe. Seminaries and monasteries are closing, and marriages often break up. The author of the article puts forward a thesis - which he then develops and justifies in the further part of the publication - that this crisis is also related to the lack of the cardinal virtue of fortitude. Its manifestation is the courage that is needed to choose a vocation and then pursue it despite the difficulties that arise. The vocation to the priestly, religious, married and single life, which is dedicated to God and people, is extensively discussed.
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The famous Islamic philosopher Mulla Sadra wrote numerous works on the interpretation of the Qur’an. In one of the works, entitled Tafsir of surah al-Fatiha, he contemplates the nature of idolatry, especially the metaphysical one, in the light of religious belief. There he actually discusses in details the deceptiveness of mental constructs that lead to idolatry. In the first part, he discusses the constructs, while in the second part he writes about the religion of a perfect man who is able to see God in every form, in every image and in every point of view. Sadra’s reflections often reveal Ibn Arabi’s influence. At the end, there is a selected glossary of key terms in the Mulla Sadra’s work.
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With the introduction of cognitive science to all the spheres of human activity, new approaches and methods for knowledge acquisition, storage in memory, and classification have been offered by cognitive scientists. Cognitive science focuses literally on the human mind and all the undergoing procedures inside it. Due to the cognitive approach, a human with all his properties was put at the center of various scientific disciplines. Such disciplines as philosophy, psychology, biology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and robotics came together to discover the most complex and mystic phenomenon called the human mind. Modeling the knowledge representation in the mind is an essential part of understanding how it works. Before the introduction of cognitive science, the ideas of representation were very abstract and theoretical. Cognitive science came to offer various practical models for knowledge representation and mental processes. Since cognitive scientists compare the human brain with a computer, different computations such as data structuring and algorithms are used to describe the processing of information in the human mind. One of them is connectionism which describes knowledge representation with the help of different connections between units that stand for concepts, objects, properties, etc. Connectionism developed to prove once more that the human mind has that exceptional ability to think relationally and make connections or associations between different concepts. In our research, we have tried to model the concept of “violence” according to the connectionist view of computation. The concept of violence has been chosen because of its complex character and the need for a thorough examination. The results of our research can help to finally model the concept of violence as it is represented in certain authors’ minds and finds its reflection in their writings. Finding out a plausible model for concept representation will help improve learning and comprehension skills for people, and will contribute to expanding the comprehension, acquisition, memorization, and usage of the concept. It can also give a lot of food for thought to Artificial Intelligence.
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This review article discusses the book of Roman Krzanowski, Ontological Information: Information in the Physical World, which is published by World Scientific. Krzanowski’s book makes a very important contribution to the contemporary discussion about the nature of information. The author analyzes the concept of ontological information and its uses in the works of scientists from various disciplines, resulting in an innovative and inspiring analysis that every philosopher involved in the philosophy of information should read.
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This review article discusses Andrzej Bielecki’s book Models of Neurons and Perceptrons: Selected Problems and Challenges, as published by Springer International Publishing. This work exemplifies “philosophy in science” by adopting a broad, multidisciplinary perspective for the issues related to the simulation of neurons and neural networks, and the author has addressed many of the important philosophical assumptions that are entangled in this area of modeling. Bielecki also raises several important methodological issues about modeling. This book is recommended for any philosophers who wish to learn more about the current state of neural modeling and find inspiration for a deeper philosophical reflection on the subject.
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Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland This article is a review of the book Making AI Intelligible. Philosophical Foundations, written by Herman Cappelen and Josh Dever, and published in 2021 by Oxford University Press. The authors of the reviewed book address the difficult issue of interpreting the results provided by AI systems and the links between human-specific content handling and the internal mechanisms of these systems. Considering the potential usefulness of various frameworks developed in philosophy to solve the problem, they conduct a thorough analysis of a wide spectrum of them, from the use of Saul Kripke’s work to a critical analysis of the explainable AI current.
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This article aims to point out Ignatov's heuristic approach in revealing the ontological status of history, the metaphysical factors and conditions for it to be as it is, as well as the specific position of man as an individual among these essential circumstances forming socio-historical reality and her history.Ignatov indicates these initial circumstances as material, spiritual and ideal, placed in a time-space discourse, and in relations with each other. The essence of history as such, and the history of social communities, is revealed through the oppositions individual/common, nature/history, spirit/history, man/genus, which, as interrelationships, reveal changes in social existence at a deeper ontological level.
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The article investigates J. Janeff’s reading of M. Luther and the assessment of the Bulgarian author for the necessity of a mediation between the Human and the Godhead’s principles – resulting in taking a position that seeks for God while culminating in the notion of a tragic heroism.
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