Tra filosofia e teologia: l’aspetto “negativo” del concetto di persona alla luce della definizione di calcedonia e alcune sue ricadute antropologiche | Between philosophy and theology: the “negative” approach to the concept of person in the light of

Author(s): Giacomo Calore / Language(s): Italian Issue: 29/2022

The Gaudium et spes constitution teaches where the answer to all the questions about man is to be sought: in the Incarnate Word, in Jesus Christ, “the new Adam” (No. 22). The Constitution relates here to the councils which explored the mystery of Christ, including the Council of Chalcedon (451), thus indicating anthropological meaning of its definition of faith. This article, based on analyses of Alois Grillmeier and Adrian Măgdici, discusses modern philosophical issues in the definition of person and, as a solution, proposes its Christological distinction from the concept of nature introduced by the Chalcedon (person is not nature: two-level ontology) to draw from its “negative” approach certain anthropological conclusions, important for our modern Western civilization called “anthropocentric” precisely because it incorporated person and its key status from Christianity.

Erläuterungen zur Habsucht (aneleutheria, illiberalitas) als Laster in Aristotelis de virtutibus libellus von Franz Tidicaeus

Author(s): Tomasz Dreikopel / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this study is to present the reflections on greed as a moral flaw, which were included in the Aristotelis de virtutibus libellus of Franciscus Tidicaeus, then professor of the Academic Gymnasium in Toruń, published in 1609 in Leipzig. The work of the Toruń KA124scholar contains an insightful and erudite exegesis of the essay On Virtues and Vices, preserved under the name of Aristotle. A comparison of the part of commentary we are interested in with the material contained in Aristotle’s three ethical treatises leaves no doubt that Tidicaeus’ remarks on this flaw reflect the moral teaching of his predecessor, constituting the starting point and at the same time the main goal of his arguments.

Въображение на въображението и образ на образа: критико-херменевтични наблюдения

Author(s): Kristiyan Enchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

The article traces elements of the conceptual apparatus of Kant, Husserl and Heidegger, and their continuations find a response and reinterpretation in modern discussions. Kant's triple synthesis in the context of Heidegger's “Book of Kant” serves as a starting point for mastering structural connections – concepts such as “image object” and “image subject” find their place through Darin Tenev's understanding of imagination of the imagination and image of the image.

Две средновековни семантични теории. Термин и част на речта

Author(s): Stefan Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

There are two significant medieval semantic theories: the theory of supposition and the speculative grammar. The first one is focused on the suppositio of term – on its referential scope; the second one is focused on significatio (or consignificatio, or modi significandi) – on the general significations, reflecting the extra-mental reality, with which the part of speech is endowed. Thus, the term and the part of speech could be considered as the two main candidates for the basic semantic element of the scholastic semantics.

Теория на основателните решения: парадоксът на Але и логиката на действието

Author(s): Rosen Lyutskanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

The present paper introduces a novel formalism for analysis of practical arguments, called reason-based decision theory. In (§1) I provide an analogy between logic and decision theory, motivated by the role that reasons play in both fields of inquiry. (§2) elaborates on the idea of reason-based choice proposed by Shafir, Simonson, and Tversky (1993). In (§3) I illustrate how this idea can be applied to the analysis of the famous paradox of Allais. (§4) sketches the logical formalism of reason-based decision theory, while (§5) presents the different forms of practical argumentation. It is shown that they are sufficient for the solution of any dilemma. Finally, (§6) provides a game-theoretical semantics of the logical formalism and discusses the possibilities for its further elaboration.

Регресът на философското начало и Хегеловият кръг

Author(s): Lydia Kondova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

The paper aims to present Hegel’s specific solution to the problem of beginning’s regression in the perspective of the crucial historical-philosophical inquiries of late 18th and early 19th centuries’ post-Kantian idealism. This historical background gives the opportunity to enrich the Hegelian doctrine of the circular philosophical system with the thesis of causality’s sublation in the reciprocal interdependence of developmental moments. The mutual justification of the starting point and the result, as well as of every grade in-between, provides a positive resolution of the epistemological skepticism, namely, by introducing it as an integral part of the dialectical progress-regression.

Trans-krypcje. Subwersywna gra z transmemuarem Paula B. Preciady, Susan Faludi i Maggie Nelson

Author(s): Izabella Adamczewska-Baranowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article takes a closer look at a new strategy of real-life adventure writing: autotheory, a mode of critical artistic practice that follows autofiction and autoreportage. Autotheory, defined as a fusion of autobiography and scientific literature or a philosophical treatise, can take the form of a memoir with footnotes. The examples of „Testo Junkie” by Paul Preciado, „Argonauts” by Maggie Nelson and „In the Darkroom” by Susan Faludi, discussed in this article, show that autotheories have subversive possibilities (in this case, autotheory subverses trans memoir as a genre). The author makes reference to the theory of the autobiographical triangle, proposed by Małgorzata Czermińska, to argue that autotheories function as the challenge.

„Odlatujmy razem w wiry niebieskie”: miłość małżeńska w ujęciu Cypriana Norwida

Author(s): Dariusz Kulecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2021

The submitted article brings closer the theme of marital love as seen by Cyprian Norwid (1821 – 1883), which occupied a significant part of the author’s poetic horizon. He greatly appreciated the feeling between a man and a woman, seeing in it beauty and a divine spark. At the same time, he pointed out the rather common frivolous treatment of love, the immaturity of individuals and the materialistic approach to relationships, which seriously hinder, andsometimes even prevent, the formation of a mature marriage. Only the rejection of all conventions connected with this human covenant and solid preparation to enter a new stage oflife, is a chance to build a bond that will not stand the test of time and circumstances. Norwid linked marital love closely to the sacrament. In his conviction, God Himself enters betweenthe spouses and becomes the third person in this love dialogue of life. The sacrament also sets the husband and wife a goal to aim at. The writer completely disapproved of the practice of divorce, although he was aware of the difficulties connected with the common life of spouses. He believed that every crisis can be overcome and contribute to building a full marital happiness. Norwid’s particularly valuable – because pioneering – observations concern the mutual sanctification of the spouses and their building of a communion of persons.

Le masculin et le féminin: de la mythologie universelle aux symboles linguistiques

Author(s): Emilia-Andreea MOTORANU / Language(s): French Issue: 39/2022

This article refers to the masculine-feminine opposition, starting from elements related to mythology to linguistic symbols. Starting from Greek mythology, which depicts the dynasty of deities, telling extraordinary adventures and which has not ceased to feed the imagination of artists for centuries. Throughout Greek and then Roman Antiquity, these stories evolved. Many contributions have been added, variations have been made according to places, times and the inspiration of the authors, new interpretations have constantly come to enrich an initial content. Bringing together elements of mythological and sociolinguistic research, my article presents how the collective mind has established that language, the words we use, is a cultural mirror, which symbolically fixes prejudices and stereotypes from the past.

Osobowość chrześcijańska jako motor rozwoju dziejów. Ks. Franciszek Sawicki wobec historiozoficznych propozycji Thomasa Carlyle’a i zwolenników supremacji tłumu

Author(s): Jarosław Babiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2017

Undoubtedly, a veneration of the saints is essential for the life of the Church – inspiring the faithful to live a righteous life and making them aware of a given opportunities to turn their talents for the life of the Church. One of the most important Pomeranian thinkers of the interwar period, Father Franciszek Sawicki (1877 – 1952), understands holiness as constantly updating process of shaping human personality in the spirit of Christian axiology. Christian personality is the most important driving force behind the shaping and development of history. He considers Christian values as the factors affecting the development of human personality in such a way that they have a considerable impact on the development of human culture and the history of civilization. Thus, his personalistic, Christian vision turns into discussion between the extremely individualistic conception of Thomas Carlyle, Max Stirner and Gustave Le Bon, Karl Marx and José Ortega y Gasset, proponents of collectivism.

Problem trwałości zachodniej cywilizacji a perspektywa nowej wizji Europy. Stanowisko Bertholda Walda

Author(s): Józef Kożuchowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2017

Under a common title, the article presents two key issues as seen by the renowned German philosopher Berthold Wald. 1. Maintenance of the identity of European civilization, conditional upon a living memory of its spiritual sources: faith and reason. In this respect, the message of the philosopher of Padeborn is echoed in the thought of such eminent thinkers as Habermas, Pieper, or Ratzinger. In contrast, for Metz, critically appraised by Wald, there is only one fundamental source of the Western European civilization: Jerusalem, which symbolizes faith. 2. The question of the so-called new vision of Europe is presented, created by its contemporary makers, namely politicians. The vision entails a threat to the identity of the European civilization inits original meaning since it suggests a farewell to Christianity and endorsement of values which have an ambivalent nature. This vision is heavily marked by impaired comprehensionof reality, including the reality of man and his nature. It is associated with Kantian thought; it overlaps with the theory of constructivism, and it ultimately leads to relativism. Finally,the vision has its underpinnings in multiculturalism and secularism. From a broader perspective, the article shows the question of multiculturalism, presented by Wald in general terms,and the question of the „soul” of Europe, as understood by Pieper. Also, the article further specifies the issue of the so-called new values, introduced into European legislation, and also demonstrates that they are essentially anti-values.

Quod gaudium est rivos sanguinis cernere? The suffering of animals in the christian critique of the traditional graeco-roman sacrifice

Author(s): Bogdan Burliga / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2015

The Latin quotation in the title of the article ('What joy is there in observing the rivers of blood?') comes from the apologetic work of Arnobius "Against the Heathen" (Adversus nationes). The seventh book of this work contains perhaps the most explicit Christian critique of the Greeks and Romans who sacrificed animals. One of the arguments used by the learned speaker is the suffering of these animals, which were killed unnecessarily because the gods do not require sacrifices from men. Emphasising the fact that suffering is given to the victims and that there is no point in killing of the animals, Arnobius introduces the shocking details of what this sacrificial ritual (killing) was in practice. In this article, I try to draw attention to the fact that in presenting this information, the Christian advocate referred to earlier statements of classical authors such as Pythagoras and Plutarch, who also criticised the common ritual. Although one occasionally hears opinions today that the early Christian thinkers were indifferent to the fate of sacrificial animals, the writer of Sicca Venera affirms that it would be very difficult to apply generalisations, just as it would be very difficult to apply generalisations to the fate of sacrificial animals.just as it is justified to speak of sensitivity and empathy in this case.

Aktywność nauczyciela religii w przeciwdziałaniu agresji elektronicznej wśród młodzieży

Author(s): Anna Zellma / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2014

Electronic aggression, a phenomenon currently taking place among young people, poses difficult tasks for teachers. They relate to primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in theschool environment and require the cooperation of headmasters, teachers and parents. The analyses undertaken in the study present the specificity of the activities of the religious education teacher aimed at preventing aggression among young people. Firstly, the scope of meaning of ‘electronic aggression’ has been given. Next, the multidimensionality of electronic aggression among the young has been pointed out. In this context, preventive measures taken by the religious education teacher in the school environment have been described. Aims, tasks and rules, as well as forms, methods and means necessary for the prevention of electronic aggression among young people have been brought to attention. The cooperation of the religious education teacher with the headmaster, parents and other teachers in carrying out the tasks set by the school prevention programme has been considered significant.

Le tourisme mémoriel en Europe centrale et orientale, ed. D. Bechtel, L. Jurgenson, Paris 2013, ss. 313

Author(s): Zdzisław Kunicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2014

Borders and Human Rights – A Paradox

Author(s): William Saunders / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The author considers various ways in which the concept of borders is relevant to an adequate understanding of human rights. He examines the role of nation states in human rights. He takes note of how contemporary claims of human rights could endanger the human rights project by violating the borders implicit in the concept of human rights. He examines the modern human rights foundational documents (such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) and the recent report on unalienable rights from the United States.

Бруно Латур – социология и наука, философия и експеримент, политика и театър

Author(s): Antoaneta Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Bruno Latour: Sociology and Science, Philosophy and Experiment, Politics and the Theatre

Durkheimowska interpretacja moralizmu prawa według Jonathana Haidta

Author(s): Maciej Juzaszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

In the article, I try to answer the question of whether Durkheimian utilitarianism, reconstructed on the basis of Jonathan Haidt’s idea, can justify the enforcement of morality by criminal law (i.e. whether it is an adequate theory of legal moralism). In the first part, I present what Durkheimian utilitarianism is and what its theses are, and in the second, using the interpretative key that Herbert Hart used in the debate with Patrick Devlin, I explain what moralistic position it is actually defending. Ultimately, I come to the conclusion that the main thesis of Durkheimian utilitarianism is the Hartian thesis on disintegration. However, the lack of an adequate empirical justification raises doubts as to whether it can constitute a satisfactory theory of the moral justification of criminalization.

Referendum w sprawach o szczególnym znaczeniu dla państwa jako symboliczna instytucja prawna

Author(s): Marek Suska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The institution of a referendum on matters of particular importance to the state is disappointing for scholars because it does not fulfil its prima facie purpose – to enable citizens to make binding political decisions on the most important issues. This could lead to considering the referendum as an empty political promise and a useless institution. However, this would be inaccurate and premature. A referendum may potentially fulfil politically significant additional functions, such as giving special legitimization to certain political decisions or stimulating public debate. The aim of the article is to analyse the referendum on matters of particular importance to the state as a symbolic legal institution. The study was based on the observations presented in the literature on the phenomenon of symbolic legislation, applied appropriately to a selected fragment of the legal system, namely a single institution. A referendum on matters of particular importance to the state can therefore be perceived as an institution whose additional functions generally overshadow its prima facie purpose. At the same time, publicly declaring this prima facie purpose seems to affect the potential degree to which additional functions are implemented. For example, the impact on the public debate achieved by taking action to hold a referendum may be stronger if the public can be convinced that it is really about transferring a decision to the people. In conclusion, it is noticed that the implementation of the additional functions of the referendum in the legal system would probably not be possible in any other way than by making the referendum a symbolic institution. This does not mean, however, that the doctrine should accept every instance of using a referendum in order to perform one of its additional functions, and the ‘shame test’ described in the article may help in making an appropriate evaluation.

O intencjonalności czynności karnoprocesowych w świetle najnowszych badań nad koncepcją czynności konwencjonalnych w prawie

Author(s): Michał Wawrzyńczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

In the literature, owing to Olgierd Bogucki, it has been proposed that intention be recognized as a constitutive element of conventional acts and to use an intentional explanation of conventional acts in law. In this article, the author aims to verify whether the new proposals contribute to research on the conception of conventional acts in criminal proceedings. The author examines the relationship between the concept of conventional acts adopted in the procedural criminal law doctrine and the new approaches, juxtaposing them with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure. For this purpose, the author uses the theoretical-legal method as well as the legal-dogmatic method. The author shows that neither the concept of the constitutive aspect proposed by Bogucki nor the intentional explanation of conventional acts are suitable for conducting assessments and interpretations of conventional acts in criminal proceedings. However, the primary and epistemic aspects described by Bogucki may, under certain conditions, be subject to reception in the field of criminal procedural law. Neither are the rules of falsification per his approach applicable in criminal proceedings. The considerations in question constitute a novel contribution to research on the conception of conventional acts in criminal proceedings because the proposed approach has not been analysed in the doctrine so far.

Meditating on Public Administration: “What Can I Know?” Changing Perspectives, Exploring New Paths

Author(s): Cristina Pătrașcu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The perspective of philosophical thinking as an axis of research may bring, in our opinion and according to other contemporary scholars’ point of view, important insights into the numerous aspects of public administration and its related administrative phenomena. Long time ago, the majority, if not all, of the scientific branches have developed from one “mother” or “queen” of all sciences, considered to be… philosophy.