Улицата като място на превращение при немските експресионисти, Гео Милев и Асен Разцветников

Author(s): Vasil Vasilev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This text deals with the dynamics and dialectics of the street as a special space of multifaceted impacts and transformations, which are in many cases of a borderline and ecstatic kind. From the viewpoint of the authors under consideration, the street is seen and experienced as a topos of crisis, of revelations, but also of secrets, of apocalyptic visions revealed primarily in the depths of affect, but also through morbid expressionistic reflection; visions that seem to come together and unite within hypnotic prophecies...

Просветителският идеал на един възрожденец

Author(s): Bisera Koleva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article argues the historical relevance of a non-trivial Enlightenment view – that of Marko Balabanov regarding higher education in Bulgaria as an urgent historical necessity even under the conditions of lack of political freedom, and regarding the creation of a Bulgarian higher school as a public institution within the boundaries of the Turkish Empire. The author claims that Marko Balabanov's view attests to an enlightened and sound reasoning in the context of his socially responsible political philosophy; the idea in question was much more adequate to the historical needs of Bulgarian society in the second half of the 19th century than was the revolutionary and democratic ideal of political independence, an ideal that assigned a subordinate place to education. The article dwells in particular 1) on Balabanov’s more general view about education as the vital component of human development and 2) as the unavoidable precondition of political freedom; on 3) his idea regarding the catch-up role of a “purely“ Bulgarian higher school in the context of the rather low educational level of the mass of people; and on 4) his understanding of the autonomous value of scientific knowledge.

Ницше на „Острова“ Славейков

Author(s): Kamelia Zhabilova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The text highlights the problematic presence of Nietzsche on the “Island” Slaveykov. Why do we say problematic? Yes, “the voice Nietzsche” is very clear and easily traceable not only to Pencho Slaveykov's creative activity but also to his life / existence. The use of “voice” is as metaphorical as it is symptomatic of our effort to be heard, or rather “eavesdropped” on, through the various ranges in which the ideas of the Sils-Maria loner sound in the works and personal biography of Slaveykov.

Бележки за неравноделния ритъм на битието, или що е това – философия с душа?

Author(s): Nikolay Turlakov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

If what is revealed to man and his native world in Haitov’s essay “A Meeting with the Song” is viewed in terms of the question “What is song and whistle with a soul?”, then would it make sense to look at philosophy in terms of a similar question, and what could we discover thereby? Is it possible to use the example of a query in Haitov's story about a whistle and a song in order to raise, and expand, the question “What is Philosophy with a Soul?” This essay starts by drawing a distinction between the “creative basis” of the philosophical work and its “theoretical role”; in this way, it is a preparatory attempt to elaborate and answer this question.Philosophy with a soul is the philosophy that, in the depths of everyday life and simplicity, discovers a gap in the authentic rhythm of being – the rhythm that is unexpected in terms of logic, surprisingly bizarre, unequal. This is exactly the Rhythm that fundamentally posits, and acts as, the Meaning of all meanings in our homeworld.

„Поетическа теология“: херменевтиката и завръщането на древните богове в платонически контекст

Author(s): Bogdana Paskaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

Renaissance Platonism is linked to the revival of the interest in the deities of the Ancient pantheon. The present text traces back some of the origins of this process (the tradition of the Dolce stilnovo in Tuscan language and Dante Alighieri’s commentaries on his own works), arguing that the genre of the allegorical commentary on poetic texts is one of the main instruments facilitating the return of Ancient gods in the Christian context of 15th-century Florence. The key moments of the analysis regard Giovanni Pico della Mirandola’s commentary practice.

Сравнительный анализ религиозно-философских доктрин хуруфизма и единства бытия (вахдат ал-вуджуд)

Author(s): Zaur Rashidov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

Hurufism is an historical mystical-philosophical worldview, part of the Islamic spiritual culture. The founder of this teaching is Fazlullah Naimi (Astarabadi) (1339–1401). In his teaching, Fazlullah attached divine meaning to 28 Arabic and 32 Persian letters. According to Naimi, the letters, numbers, and also traits and features of human face have a hidden secret meaning. Divine signs (letters and numbers) are revealed in the human face (traits and features). Thus, through divine signs, he transferred divine qualities from God to man. Accused of spreading anthropomorphic and anthropocentric ideas that are unacceptable in Islam, Hurufism has been criticized and persecuted since its founding. Its founder, Fazlullah Naimi, and one of his most famous followers, Seyyed Imadeddin Nasimi (1369–1417), were brutally executed. The views of the Hurufites were declared heretical throughout the Islamic world. For this reason, in the following centuries, the Hurufites were forced to hide and their original ideas dnf teachings began to transform rapidly. During that process, Hurufism gradually dissolved in such mystical and philosophical teachings and trends as Bektashism, Alavism, Calendaring, the ideology of Kyzylbash. The ideas of Hurufism enriched the theoretical foundations of these Islamic teachings.

За човека като техническо животно (ортегианско размишление)

Author(s): Nikolay Tsenkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article focuses on José Ortega y Gasset's understanding of technique. According to this Ortegian understanding man imposes on nature his technological power not simply to satisfy his needs, but also as a manifestation of the continual conquest of reality. Through the prism of technique, the article presents an interpretation of the Spanish philosopher’s vision on the creation of being through incessant activity: man creates his own existence not only economically, but also metaphysically.Ortega y Gasset's conception of technology is also linked to another central theme in his philosophy – life as a radical reality. This issue is also discussed together with some pejorative social phenomena related to technological development like the crisis of desires, the acceleration of life, and the lack of interest on the part of the masses in the cultural conditions that make technological progress possible.

Художествената кариера на кича

Author(s): Ivan Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The advent and development of kitsch is genetically related to the specific sociocultural context of 19th-century second half, when art became an autonomous and independent reality. It can no more rely on mythology, religion, philosophy, and politics, and pretends to be only and solely a ‘pure art’. Art narrows, and in the vacuum opened, the new aesthetic phenomenon of kitsch ensconces. Kitsch has become an intrinsic, aesthetically immanent element of the system of art as a totality. An infinite internal transition between these two so cognate and so different, opposite spheres has emerged. The dialectics of these relations shows that kitsch is not only a waste of art.

„Сляпото петно“ в индексикалните аналогии на опита

Author(s): Kristian Enchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

This is a text-experiment of thinking simultaneously intentional implication and transitive intentionality, with a focus on the affective side of perceptions harmonized in subjectivity. Kinesthetic activity is a permanent immanent transcendence. The technique thrown outside is the ‘blind spot’, the ‘point of the gaze’ behind the ‘point of view’. The exteriority of technique is not objective, we touch or see it when we touch or see the image: we see the invisible and touch the untouchable on the surface – this is the contact with the impossible possibility of the image. In technique, recognition and conceding by anonymous others is an inseparable part of our own kinesthetic organization: a permanent, intrinsic transition within ourselves as something other than ourselves. Our horizons of expectations do not remain unaffected by indexical analogies, by the ‘pinning’ of a related to habitually assimilated context ‘blind spot’ in the midst of ‘doing-work-as-if’. The affective tissue that accompanies the indexical analogy in mimesis, inscribes into the ‘scene’ of space the ‘scene’ of its own habitualized space, and thus a change of optics and perspective becomes possible, decentering becomes possible. This decentering makes the image fluctuating by analogy – “indexical analogies of experience” – with the indexical history.

„Изкуствата на тялото“: автор, творба, публика

Author(s): Nikolina Deleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The work is devoted to different forms of body art, where the author uses his own body as a material for making art. These art practices are related to questions about their ontological nature and the criteria for defining and distinguishing art and reality, object and subject, author and work of art. An Identification of different components of the art process - author, work, public, as well as the relationship biological–mechanical–virtual have also been considered.

Отвъд фигурата

Author(s): Moris Fadel / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

The article deals with the concept of the letter in its relation to the concept of figure. The research of the late Paul de Man is taken as a basis for the analysis of the letter. The author highlights an interesting twist in De Man. He is known as a theorist and apologist of the figure. It turns out, however, that in his later works De Man is more concerned with criticism of the figure, which does not mean returning to the traditional understandings of the correspondence between language and empirical reality.

Емоционално-наративното съществуване

Author(s): Chavdar Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

The article is about a dimension, referable by the concepts of ‘affectivity’, ‘emotionality’ and ‘sensitivity’. The issue addresses both the “disorder of habitual complicity with the world” and the fact that “our acting, talking, feeling and thinking begins as a response to ‘something’ indeterminable that comes from elsewhere”, i.e. to the narrative life experience in which there is enduring/undergoing or “being overwhelmed“ (Sabeva 2016: 241, 244). The subject-matter sets the task of explaining a common field. At its basis, sensitivity is the initial appearance of behaviors and things, because moods (Stimmungen) “throw” us or co-constitute us in the world; emotions are part of our worldly comportment where potential narrativity is equally important. Social attitude, which has its origin in existential “disposedness” (Heidegger 2005: §§ 29–31), sharеs some extraordinaries and gaps. In this process a limit of the self is reached, when one accepts the inevitability of what is being experienced, and self-understanding becomes alienated from one’s own position. The claim of the research is to add a point to the understanding of social integration in interdisciplinary studies.

Die Seinsfrage съгласно неговото материално и формално значение

Author(s): Jassen Andreev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

There are quite a number of controversially discussed difficulties that any interpretation of Heidegger's phenomenological philosophy faces. Prof. Frede’s study on Heidegger and the question of Being provides a clarification of the sense(s) in which the Seinsfrage came to vex the young Heidegger, in his early writings and in Being and Time. The present preface to the translation of her study is limited in its aims to an outline of the very positions he occupies with respect to two of the notorious interpretative issues concerning Heidegger’s project of fundamental ontology: (1) The problem of how to specify the very complex meaning (not of the Being per se, but) of the enigmatic Seinsfrage itself, since we must, to be sure, have some answer to the preliminary question “What exactly does Heidegger’s problem of Being consist in?” in order to raise anew the question “What is the meaning of Being?”. It just cannot possibly be known “What is the sense of Being?”, without having recourse to the meaning of the Seinsfrage itself. However, as Heidegger’s thinking evolved, the meaning of the question changed. (2) The problem of the different interpretative approaches (life-philosophical, existentialist, anthropological, metaphysical, scholastical, phenomenological, transcendental, hermeneutic-historical, deconstructivist, pragmatist) to the main exposition of the Being-question in Heidegger’s magnum opus and their critical evaluation.

Въпросът за битието: Хайдегеровият проект

Author(s): Dorothea Frede / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

Prof. Frede’s study aims to analyze Martin Heidegger’s famous Frage nach dem Sinn vom Sein in relation to his severe criticism of, and hidden dependence on, the tradition of Western metaphysics. The study offers an interesting pluralistic approach, according to which specific meanings of die Seinsfrage correspond to the different phases of the development of Heidegger’s thinking. It traces above all the formulations that this remarkable question received in his early works (The Doctrine of Judgment in Psychologism: A Critical-Theoretical Contribution to Logic and Duns Scotus’ Doctrine of Categories and Meaning) and in his magnum opus. The study represents a big and complex philosophical domain not only through historical-philosophical investigations, but also as a result of a critical account of basic statements of Heidegger’s thought. It also clarifies some of the reasons why the forgetfulness of Being (die Seinsvergessenheit) was proclaimed by Heidegger as the most significant omission in the entire history of Western philosophy. But is this fateful omission capable of rectification, and can it be taken for granted that it is in need of some rectification?

Фигури на пречупването: некласически модели и модализации

Author(s): Kristian Enchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

In the present experimental text I will show how thinking the body as an image-body refers to the impossible figures of its infinite 1) heterosimultaneous opening (unfolding the layers to the figure of a monster) and 2) shrinking to a point of impossibility (of narrative suspension, freezing in a figure) – which are two ideal poles. This double impossibility constitutes a fracture, conceived through illustricture as a (meta)figure. The collaborative work of two models – that of the Galilean pendulum, adapted for stage production, and the topological-quantum model of Deleuze and Guattari – will serve to analyze modalizations, in which analysis, alter-potentiality will be tested as a non-classical alternative in different contexts of subjectivation. The disjunctive synthesis of points from co-impossible surfaces, in the perspective of the connected models, allows us to think as unpredictable the development of the conceptual potentiality of autopoietic production beyond the stopping point of figuring in a figure

Феноменът интуиция в невробиологична перспектива

Author(s): Kaloyan Nechev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

The word intuition is widely used as an umbrella term both in the non-specialized everyday environment and in specialized humanities literature. It is often accepted unconditionally, even though there is a lack of consistent and satisfactory attempts to clearly define the notion. In the field of philosophical inquiries, it is a common practice to use the notion of intuition as an implicit argumentative component as well as a guarantor of legitimacy in the unfolding of speculative “discourses”. Taking this to be the prevailing case, considering the term in question from a neurobiological perspective seems to be a somewhat productive endeavor insofar as it can provide clarity on the physiological prerequisites involved in the realization of the specific subjective attitudes and dispositions, the latter of which play a certain role in the adoption of rationally substantiated arguments and conclusions. A number of scientific studies report a direct correlation between the higher cognitive functions, responsible for the making of logico-rational inferences, and the limbic system, which governs the manifestation of unreflected irrational attitudes and reactions. In the light of such empirical evidence, any frivolous usage and reference to methodological components such as “rational intuition” seems highly problematic, to say the least.

Сънищата на философа

Author(s): Andrey Leshkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

The main objective of this paper is to provide a hermeneutical reading of dreams as these are presented by René Descartes. The choice of the mnemocentric approach plays a crucial role when analyzing the way in which Descartes presents three of his dreams. The three are examined from the perspective of three main corresponding propositions put forward for consideration. The analysis of Descartes’ dreams shows that reaching the path of truth, which concerns both the process of dreaming and what is dreamt, is closely tied not with the return to Paradise, but with the fulfilled prophecy of the Revelation. The author raises the issue whether or not the basic dream that marks the philosophically tinged unconscious, as is displayed by Descartes’ dreams, embodies the hope that one day, when language, with its polysemy, will have disappeared, people will finally succeed in contemplating truth surrounded by unspeakable silence.

Postapokaliptyka. Rekonesans badawczy

Author(s): Jerzy Franczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Franczak surveys the vast cultural phenomenon called the post-apocalypse. The selection of texts and practices, based on formal criteria, is treated from various perspectives: as a late-modern refiguration of the apocalyptic imaginary, as an epochal adaptation of the main themes of catastrophism, as a substitute expression of traumatic historical experiences, and as a unique philosophical and anthropological laboratory. Franczak concludes by suggesting ways to identify the collective phantasms that shape the postapocalypse and to consider its ambivalent political nature.

Модалност и индексично склонение: Новалис и неговият друг

Author(s): Bozhana Filipova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 52/2020

The following text attempts to reconstruct the system of modal notions in Novalis’ fragments in their immanent dynamic and transitivity, or, alteration. The first task would be to outline the structure of the concepts of potentiality and actuality and more precisely to break through the idea of a tendency of actuality towards Ansatzpunkt, ἔργον and to bring forward what defines and liberates activity, or preserves its free, poietic potential. A question, which arises from this, would be: what guarantees the maximum freedom, maximum potentiality, immanent within actuality? The expansion of the conceptual fields of the notions of potentiality and actuality, which can be traced back in the debates of German thinkers such as Spinoza, Leibniz, Kant and the German romanticists, allows us to define more precisely the core of endless potentiality within actuality. It is possible then to draw a structural similarity between potentiality within actuality and the energy of potentiality. A question follows: is it possible to find symmetric structures between persistence, as the fourth meaning of Aristotelian potentiality and the active potentiality within actuality? Does the resistance towards Ansatzpunkt guarantee potentiality within actuality? Are potentiality and actuality two modalities, which project their functions, aspects and meanings into one another, mirror their immanent dynamic, and without tending toward dialectic synthesis, tend to im-plant infinity within the finite, to outbreak, to fragment finality and actuality from within? The modalities of necessity and desire are presented as crossing this modal dynamic and possibly as meta-modalization of the modalities of potentiality and actuality, which also bend the coordinates of our experience, incline into existence.

Основи на идеогенезиса (Откъси)

Author(s): Krassimir Mantchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 52/2020