Natural Consciousness and Absolute Knowledge: the Notion of Philosophy as Established in Hegel’s „The Phenomenology of Spirit“

Author(s): Vyacheslav Korotkikh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This research provides an analysis of the role of ‘natural consciousness’ and ‘absolute knowledge’ in the process of establishing the notion of philosophy in Hegel’s The Phenomenology of Spirit. The author seeks to show that ‘natural consciousness’ does not disappear in the first approaches to The Phenomenology, but rather, it continues to act as the subject of the ‘experience of consciousness’ until the end. The material analysis directly related to the evolution of ‘natural consciousness’ in the first stages of ‘experience’ particularly supports the hypothesis about the philosopher’s work on the book. The results obtained can be seen as a validation of the idea that the usual notions of overcoming ‘natural consciousness’ already in the first ‘experiences of consciousness’ do not correspond to its fundamental role in establishing the notion of philosophy in The Phenomenology of Spirit. It represents not only the starting point of the phenomenological movement but it is also involved in the ‘reversals of consciousness’ at every stage of the ‘experience,’ which is important to take into account for the correct evaluation of the specificity of The Phenomenology of Spirit and the comprehension of the nature of philosophical knowledge as the main result of this Hegelian work.

ЧУТО-ВИДЯНО

Author(s): Ivan Marazov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The article aims to compare the creative principles of the epic and that of archaic art. The standard repeatable vocabulary of folklore and art is determined by the use of object and action formulas and themes, as well as rhythm and symmetry in the composition. In this way content is condensed and the whole myth can be read / remembered. For the initiates in the language of mythological thinking, figurative hints are sufficient to reproduce a mythological situation. As in myth and ritual, cosmogony is realized through naming, so in art the world is created through obtaining an image. The article draws analogies with Balkan folklore, as well as Greek, Vedic and Celtic mythology.

Kuratorstwo archiwum? Przypadek Themersonów

Author(s): Honorata Sroka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (19)/2022

The article concerns the Themerson Archive in Warsaw, which for nearly three decades was prepared for publication by art critic Jasia Reichardt. She not only sorted out these collections, but also acted as an intermediary between the artists, the Archive, and the audience. In this case, the curatorship of the archive is an effort to bring the individual parts of the collection closer to the audience by creating a narrative about the history of individual artifacts. The curator has bestowed on the materials a broad biographical context. In her article, Honorata Sroka comes up with the idea of the curatorship of archival collections. She develops a specific approach to curatorship by describing Reichardt’s exhibition methods, i.e., the latter’s strategies of presentation and presence in the Themerson Archive. Sroka moves away from the classic approaches to the theory of archives by regarding the curator’s activities not only as attempts to limit the public’s access to knowledge about the artists and the desire to guard their collections, but rather as organizational efforts aimed at formulating a coherent method for the presentation of materials. Moreover, Sroka emphasizes the fact that Reichardt’s experience as a long-time curator of art exhibitions, the author of numerous articles, and the director of the Whitechapel Art Gallery in London has allowed her to make a highly original contribution to the field of archival studies.

W poszukiwaniu perspektywy zoocentrycznej w kinie niefikcjonalnym. Przykład produkcji filmowej Stowarzyszenia Otwarte Klatki

Author(s): Patrycja Chuszcz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2022

Patrycja Chuszcz’s aim in this article is to analyze the film productions of the Open Cages Association, which works for so-called farm animal rights, and to inquire about the attempt to go beyond the anthropocentric perspective in the audiovisual materials created by this organization. She begins her considerations by outlining the tradition of non-fiction film about animals. She discusses the current search for the zoocentric perspective in cinema by documentary and visual artists. Next she analyzes the film productions of the Open Cages Association. She compares the organization’s films with the perspective resulting from interviews with its members and with the literaturę on the subject. The analysis shows that activists – despite contesting a certain sector of modern civilization (related to industrial livestock production) – rely on the broader and prevailing technological-cultural paradigm. This borrowing is manifested, among other things, in the use of an anthropocentric perspective and anthropomorphism in the films created by the Open Cages Association. However, activists adopt this attitude consciously, following the perspective of effective altruism.

Alcoves of Indian Knowledge in Theofil Simenschy’s Works

Author(s): Hilda-Hedvig Varga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The present text aims to highlight the contribution of the Romanian scholar Theofil Simenschy to Indian Studies in Romania, who became the first to teach Sanskrit at an institution of higher education – in Iași. The goal of reminding or helping readers discover his legacy in the forms of translations from Sanskrit into Romanian of sacred Hindu texts and several didactic works, full of useful information, was also kept in mind when bringing ideas together.

Local Cosmopolitans: A Study of Barkas neighborhood in Hyderabad

Author(s): Cătălina-Ioana Pavel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Drawing from M. N. Pearson’s and Enseng Ho’s concept of “local cosmopolitanism,” I propose to study the neighborhood of Barkas in Hyderabad as a representation of how cosmopolitanism works in small communities where the people, while embedded in local relations, also maintain connections with distant places, thus articulating a relation between different geographical scales. Barkas is inhabited by people of an African origin, the Hadrami people from Hadramawt in Yemen, from where they came to Hyderabad to become part of the Nizam’s army. When they reached India, they were given land to build their own barracks (this is also how the neighborhood got its present name) and after the Nizam’s rule ended, most of them stayed back.

Madhva and Calvin. A Comparative Study of the Views of Two Medieval Theologians of Hinduism and Christianity

Author(s): B.N. Hebbar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This article compares and contrasts two eminent theologians, one Hindu (Madhva), and one Christian (Calvin) who had similar ideas in terms of the sovereignty and majesty of God and the doctrine of Predestination of souls each, of course, based on their respective religious-cultural contexts and scriptural texts.

The Third Assembly of the World Council of Churches in New Delhi, in 1961, in the Asian Religious Context of the Second Half of the Twentieth Century

Author(s): Ștefan Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The Third General Assembly of the World Council of Churches took place in New Delhi, a multicultural and interreligious town in India. By this means, the World Council took a step forward towards the dialogue with the world’s religions. From ancient times, India was a place of dialogue between adherents of different cultures and religious traditions. At the Third General Assembly of the WCC, the interreligious dialogue which will be more acknowledged throughout the years became a leitmotif on the ecumenical agenda of the member churches. In this study, I try to present how this historical ecumenical event has shaped the interreligious dialogue architecture of the World Council and how it fits in the Asian interreligious landscape. It was the first General Assembly of the WCC outside the traditional Christian space, which up to that moment represents more or less the European and North-American geographical space.

Uma Das Gupta, A History of Sriniketan. Rabindranath Tagore’s Pioneering Work in Rural Reconstruction

Author(s): Eleonora Olivia Bălănescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Review of: Uma Das Gupta, A History of Sriniketan. Rabindranath Tagore’s Pioneering Work in Rural Reconstruction, New Delhi, Niyogi Books, 2022, 234 pp., ISBN: 978-93-91125-44-8.

Dialectic, Determination, Freedom and Self-Consciousness Mind (II)

Author(s): Stefan Penov / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2022

The second article focuses on dialectical logic, biological and spiritual determination, freedom of choice, consciousness and Self-consciousness, as well as on non-evolutionary development. A correlation analysis was carried out, on the one hand: between organic structures, neurophysiology, events of the bodily organism and, on the other hand, mental processes, states and formations, especially free will or creativity, as well as cognitive functions, consciousness and self-conscious Mind. Here consciousness can be a determinant, and information is a mediator between Mind and body.

Приключенията на цветовете

Author(s): Tatyana Batuleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

Новата „дигитална медиаморфоза“ на споделянето

Author(s): Margarita Pesheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

Онтологичният избор на философа

Author(s): Ivan Kamburov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The text reveals the approaches of the philosopher as a thinker to be in the being. Two possible paradigms for achieving the absolute as a form of philosophizing are presented. One is related to the school-academic historicalphilosophical approach, and the other is related to metaphysical experience as an act. The thesis is asserted that the metaphysical goal is achievable only as an individual practical experience of transcendence through the action of the thinker conceived as a precedent. The understanding is argued that it is in the metaphysical act that the thinker objectifies philosophical wisdom, not just the love of philosophy.

Херметични влияния в съчиненията на Константин Костенечки

Author(s): Hristo Saldzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The present article regards the influence exerted by the Hermetic philosophy on the original works of one of the last representatives of Tarnovo literary school – Konstantin Kostenechki. They are found not only in the explicit mention of Hermest Trismegist in “The Biography of Stefan Larzarević” among philosophes to whom God has partly revealed “the truth” but also in one long and sophisticated syllogism where God Father is presented as “Mind” and “The Sources of the First Mind”. Some specific terms, the description of the Serbian anchorites and one unusual transformation of the Gospel text (Mathew 6:6) also must be ascribed to Hermetic influence. All of these hermetic elements most probably have been loaned from Greek sources having included fragments of “Corpus Hermeticum” and some other hermetic texts.

Има ли у Спиноза „твърде много Бог“ – щрихи към Хегеловата интерпретация?

Author(s): Miroslav Bachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

One of the important topics in the field of philosophy of religion is the relationship between the various forms of the Divine, in particular the wellknown distinction between "philosophical God" and personalist understandings of God (Blaise Pascal). Spinoza's ethics is oriented mainly to the argumentation of the first understanding and is its consistent implementation. Hegel's interpretation of Spinoza is reconstructed here in view of the question of pantheism and atheism in Spinoza's system and whether and to what extent Hegel rehabilitated and "justified" Spinoza. Our thesis is that Hegel's position on too many God in Spinoza is incomplete and imprecise.

Институционални механизми за генериране на образователните неравенства

Author(s): Elena Lavrentsova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article is dedicated to one of the fundamental social problems – the problem of inequality in the field of education and the mechanisms of its reproduction. The author's view of the problem is related to understanding the evolution of the institute of education in the light of the accompanying scientific discourse, which usually starts with the issue of equal access to educational resources, and then emphasizes on discussing the possibilities for equality of educational outcomes. The author traces several main stages that reveal the progressive movement of the institutional nature of education, especially in the direction of expanding its accessibility, openness and efficiency, which at the same time remains firmly embedded in the existing system of stratification. Attention is paid mainly to the analysis of the way in which the institutional instruments in the form of selection and differentiation are materialized in the complex mechanisms and realities of the pedagogical process and contribute to the exacerbation of educational inequalities.

Some Aspects of the Differences between Shame and Guilt

Author(s): Ina Todoreeva,Ivanka Asenova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This article is focused on the differences between shame and guilt examined through a psychological perspective. The purpose of this analysis developed here is to attain conceptual clarity about what is distinctive about shame and guilt. We claim that shame is erroneously included in the category of “moral emotions” and that, paradoxically, there is nothing moral in it. To this end, we emphasize that shame is produced by the failure to achieve a certain minimum, which is social in its nature. It is therefore connected with low demands on one’s self and low self-esteem. Guilt, on the other hand, is based on the failure to achieve a subjective maximum and an ideal, so it tends to be observed in personalities that exhibit high demands upon themselves and a high self-esteem.

Философско-психологически подход към рефлексията в изменените състояния на съзнанието в научното творчество на Андрей Росохин

Author(s): Ivelina Peneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article summarized the results of the research activity of Andrey Rossokhin, which is devoted to studying the dynamics of reflection in the altered states of consciousness in the course of psychoanalytic process. These states of consciousness are characterized by transformation of the semantic space of the subject and changing forms of categorization with a transition from socially normed to new ways of rationalizing internal experience and experiences take place. By theoretical and empirical analyses, A. Rossokhin concluded that through means of the internal dialogue during the altered states of consciousness, it carries out an active reflexive rethinking activity both previously non-reflective mental content and the very strategies of reflection with the internal dialogue. This leads to qualitative alteration in value-meaning formations, activates, and brings about the personality integration into a new, more complete state.

Разширяването на Европейския съюз и ролята на Украйна

Author(s): Ani Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

The war in Ukraine has led to a fundamental rethinking of European security, with further enlargement of both the EU and NATO being discussed today. Kyiv demanded a quick procedure for membership in the European Union, and the EU has categorically shown that Ukraine belongs to the European family. Enlargement policy has proved to be one of the most successful instruments in promoting political, economic and social reforms, as well as in consolidating peace, stability and democracy in Europe, proving that the European Union's enlargement policy is not purely technical process, but a geopolitical tool that also requires a more strategic approach. As a result of EU support, Ukraine is pursuing an ambitious fiscal policy, institutions are showing increasing resilience in their efforts to guarantee democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect and protection of minorities. The present academic research examines the possible scenarios for the development of the European Union and the war in Ukraine from now on. The possible scenarios are separated into two groups, “Emotional” and “Temporal”, and the combination between the two groups allows a total of 9 possible scenarios to be outlined.

Философия на приобщаващото образование и актуални проблеми при реализирането на дейностите по обща и допълнителна подкрепа за личностно развитие на деца и ученици

Author(s): Stanislav Pandin,Gencho Valchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The article focuses on some issues of a practical nature related to the implementation of activities for general and additional support for personal development of children and students in kindergartens and schools in Bulgaria. The authors hereby express their personal position based on discussion comments by deputy principals, teachers and other pedagogical specialists, during trainings on inclusive education in the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria. Emphasis is placed on the modern dimensions of inclusive education, as well as on specific features of the activities of pedagogical specialists in their work with children and adolescents. The philosophical concept of inclusive education at present in the context of normative documents and practice is presented. The article does not claim to be exhaustive.