Around the Bloc: Nadia Savchenko Guilty of Murder
Russian court verdict means the Ukrainian pilot could face 23 years in prison – or be swapped for captive Russian soldiers.
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Russian court verdict means the Ukrainian pilot could face 23 years in prison – or be swapped for captive Russian soldiers.
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The company also bought Rosneft shares from Putin intimate Sergei Roldugin, Panama Papers documents show.
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Parliamentarians say new legislation is aimed at suspected terrorists, but critics say it could be used against enemies of the Kremlin.
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In the last 50 years more than 250 conflicts broke worldwide out and killed more than 86 million civilians, mostly women and children. Over 170 million people have been deprived of their dignity, rights and possessions. The majority of the victims were forgotten, and only a few war criminals were tried. The regulations existing in international law, which are prohibiting war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, protection of cultural heritage and, most recently aggression are not effective and not respected. To this day an effective system of enforcing those rights and bringing the individuals responsible for it to justice does not exist.
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This article discusses the problem of determining the categories of judicial acts in procedural law. The authors suggest that the adopted legal acts are the means of implementation of the judicial life in modern society. Judicial life takes consistent and logical due to adopted by higher courts enforcement of judicial decisions. Authors provide an overview of statistical data on the performance of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for civil affairs, affairs of for settling economic disputes, cases of administrative offenses and others.
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International law of armed conflict governs the conduct of hostilities and includes rules designed to ensure “humanizing” military actions. One of these principles is the prohibition of causing unnecessary suffering of soldiers. Based on this principle many prohibitions on the use of certain types of weapons were introduced to treaty law of armed conflict, for example chemical weapons, biological weapons, anti-personal landmines, cluster bombs and blinding laser weapons. Some of these prohibitions are challenged especially given the technological and medical development. Questions are asked, including “is it better to be dead or blind?” which are an argument in favor of regulating the use of certain weapons and not their complete ban, as in the case of blinding laser weapons, which applies to this question. The article presents arguments for and against prohibiting the use of above all blinding laser weapons and tear gas. On this basis, the reader will be able to form an opinion on the title topic.
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The hermeneutical analysis of the text of the main regulations and rules of international law regarding the children’s rights, reveal to the reader that they created a set of principles on the Rights of the Child, which have to be taken by the world’s states in their approach undertaken in order to harmonize their national legislation with the international law doctrine of the child. Among others, this article’s reader could also find out that in recent decades the international legislator was constantly concerned to develop new rules and regulations on the children’s rights and on their legal protection; hence the need that the basic principles enunciated by it should not be only known and inserted into the text of national laws, but also respected and applied by practical and concrete measures.
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UN envoy Vitaly Churkin blames breakdown of ceasefire on Syrian rebels, dismisses reports of mass killings in eastern Aleppo as faked.
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Peace and war represent two realities that are inter-related in a dual perspective: the conceptualization prospective and the juridical prospective that is focused upon the regulation process. The queries resulted from the theoretical approach and from the practical application of the legal aspects concerning war and peace are combined, supposing a simultaneous approach that will be customized by means of some nuances that derive from the peculiarities of each element. In the present paper we aim to highlight the peculiarities of the legal recognition of peace as a human right enshrined within the category of solidarity rights and also the peculiarities of war and of its regulations under the guise of ensuring a connection between the two realms. The connection between peace and war is upheld at the theoretical level-from this deriving, at a practical level, the unspoiled link between the two socio-juridical realities that are studied. This article does not reclaim as a scientific objectiv the descriptive reminder of the defining elements related to war and peace; rather it aims to place the previously mentioned elements within the analytical and interpretive paradigm. Consequently, amongst the research methods hereby implemented we mention the deductive method (considering the progressive exposure of information because their difficulty is gradually revealed from general aspects to the special aspects of the discourse) and the hemeneutical method (centered on developing arguments and critics upon the study of war and peace).
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The article demonstrates how references to Nazi and Soviet past are perceived and evaluated by the European Court of Human Rights. Individual cases concerning Holocaust and Nazism, which the Court has examined so far, are compared here to judgments rendered with regard to Communist regime. The article proves that the Court treats more leniently state interference with freedom of expression when memory about Nazism and Holocaust is protected than when a post–Communist state wants to preserve a critical memory about the regime. The authors of the article agree with the attitude of the Court which offers a wide margin of appreciation to states restrictively treating references to Nazism and Holocaust, including comparisons to the Holocaust, Nazism or fascism used as rhetorical devices. At the same time they postulate that other totalitarian systems should be treated by the Court equally.
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The article is devoted to the changes occurred in politics and international relations in the Middle East due to the discovery of a new large gasfield “Leviathan”. The author analyzes opportunities and perspectives for the countries interested in its development, and also points out possible challenges to their security. The analysis focuses on Israel, Lebanon, the Turkish and Greek parts of Cyprus, the aspects of their domestic and foreign policies, especially the issue of their maritime boundaries and energy sector. The author reveals prospects and dangers of the current situation and sums up the main interests of the Russian Federation in the region and the aspects that are to be considered when reaching the set goals.
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This topic has attracted the attention of all, especially because of the social danger of criminal nature and drug abuse, which is expressed in the performance of various offenses and crimes committed by addicts. The fact is that '' the beneficiaries' drugs often make embezzlement, larceny, fraud, pocket theft and other crimes, in order to obtain material resources necessary for the purchase of drugs. Care should be taken that they are drug addicts exposed to various kinds of blackmail, prostitution, shared secrets, etc., And psychological, physical, social and material decay very quickly. As disease and socio-pathological phenomenon, drug addiction represents primarily a social problem, and according to the causes of the occurrence is related to individuals and certain relationships in certain social structures. Therefore, it is for its prevention and suppression necessarily engaging almost all social organizations or structures, especially those whose active operation can affect the appearance of preventing the abuse of narcotic drugs, especially among part of the population that is in adolescence and life maturation. Persistent drug abuse estranges Beneficial Owners of the real world, making the care and social '' parasites', incapable of any physical or intellectual work.
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Starting from the general accepted view that the constitutional judiciary is a body of protection of Constitution, is justified to wonder, who is this body that in terms of legal action to a greater extent of constitutional court acts as a larger social justification. He is the controller of acts adopted by legislative and executive authorities as well as the ordinary courts, and thus was established as an institution of special social significance. When we talk about the jurisdiction of the constitutional courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, they are differently defined, which means that we have differentiated procedures, and therefore specific decisions depending on the type of competence and nature of disputes. The differentiation of these responsibilities is based on the extent to which the constitutional courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina in addition to traditional tasks relating to the protection of constitutionality, realize more direct connection with the legislative, executive and judicial authority and the citizens.
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There is a wide spectrum of ways in managing subjectivity intrinsic in research. This paper goes through and “lives” (Gregorio Gil, 2014) some research experiences: one on prostitution of minors and another on trafficking in human beings. These two experiences reveal how some of the characteristics of my subjectivity – among which that of being a “young female foreigner and outsider” in academia and in fieldwork – and of my own researches, have impacted that reflexivity practice alongside access to related fields, types of relationships and shared information. The paper proffers the idea in which a “reflexive process” on subjectivity can involve and/or hopefully involve the entire experience of the researcher, going beyond the borders of a single research. In the process, unexpected elements of subjectivity can come into play; in other cases the meaning attributed to them can change in time or can have a role different from what had been expected. Some elements, objects of epistemological analyses, as imposed by a reflexive approach, can become objects of attention also on the phenomenological level.
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Responsibility in law and in international law in particular, can occur by conduct consisting of an action, but also of omission by an organ in situation in which its action is necessary for preventing an internationally wrongful act. The responsibility of the UN Security Council for the maintenance of peace and security in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia between 1991 and 1995 primarily results from its omission to undertake efficient measures in order to avert aggression and large-scale international crimes. This paper presents numerous Security Council resolutions dealing with the war in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, and especially with the siege of Sarajevo. From originally an observer mission, it was later on entrusted with the peace-keeping, but never with a clear mandate sufficient for performing its rapidly expanded duties. It was never authorized to use force beyond that required in self-defense, and in order to secure the transportation of humanitarian aid. For instance, the city of Sarajevo was surrounded by the Serbian troops from April 1992 to September 1995 with enormous sufferings of civilian population, thus even longer than the siege of Leningrad during World War II. The genocide in Srebrenica that happened in June 1995 was not prevented, although there were sufficient weapons, but not the will to do that. Therefore, that peace-keeping mission in BosniaHerzegovina was a fiasco for the UN, the same as that in Somalia in 1993. During the open attacks of the Former Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) in Croatia (in Vukovar, other Podunavlje areas, and Western Slavonia), a general and complete embargo was imposed on all deliveries of weapons to Yugoslavia by Resolution 713 of 25 September 1991, which was not lifted before the end of 1995. This non-selective measure soon proved to be counterproductive. It was favorable for the Serbian side in the conflict that had unlawfully seized the largest quantities of weapons of the former JNA, and frustrating for its victims who often did not have any means of defense. Consequently, the embargo, in fact, merely prolonged the conflict in Croatia, and particularly in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
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What causes urban areas crime, especially turning into violence, what makes his trigger, when peaceful protests turn violent, what is reflection of modern communication technology? Some of the questions that this paper will try to give an answer.
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Modern Russian civil law is being influenced by the foreign legal experience. This is because of the relative youth of modern Russian law, which has its roots in the early 1990s. Numerous foreign legal constructions were fixed in Russian legislation without due adaptation to the legal traditions of Russia. The paper considers criteria for the appropriateness of borrowings from the foreign legal experience. The conclusion is made about the necessity to use the foreign legal experience in accordance with the Russian legal traditions established in the 19th–20th centuries in order to preserve the originality of national law.
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It is universally accepted that an arbitral award can be challenged if the arbitrator did comply with the agreement of the parties (cf. Art. V of New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958). However, theory and practice do not always meet. Many jurisdictions seem to allow the arbitrator to deviate from such agreement without effect to the award. The article focuses on the question as to which extent the arbitrator is bound by the state/national law chosen by the parties or applicable but by virtue of international private law. Common wisdom has it that an arbitral award cannot be annulled or denied recognition because the arbitrator erred in the interpretation of the substantive law. Author accepts that in a motion to challenge an arbitral award the state court shall not act as some kind of court of appeal. Therefore, arbitrator must not apply the substantive law in the same way the courts of the respective country do, but he is obliged and the state court is competent to review, whether the award has been made in accordance with the agreement of the parties. To this end, the arbitration clause must be carefully interpreted to find out what the parties by choosing, e.g., Swiss law really meant: namely, “law” and not a paralegal regime like ex aequo et bono, as well as “Swiss” – and not German, English etc. Unless this is shown in the reasons of the award, it may be annulled or denied recognition for not being in accordance with the agreement of the parties.
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The paper is devoted to the study of issues related to the participation of Russia in the international system of intellectual property protection. The relevance of this research is determined by the role of international treaties in protection of the rights of foreign authors in Russia and Russian authors abroad. The modern system of universal international treaties in the field of intellectual property protection, as well as the history of Russia’s accession to international treaties in the aspect of implementation in the Russian legal system and unification of the Russian legislation in this sphere are shown. International treaties of the Russian Federation are part of its legal system. Therefore, it is important to show the role of international treaties in the field of intellectual property with copyright laws. They influence the creation of laws. Some topical issues in the field of international protection of intellectual property rights associated with copyright restrictions, the removal of which is possible by conclusion of additional international agreements, are emphasized. The conclusion is drawn on the basis of the research results that the Russian Federation is a full member of the international intellectual property protection system, which is the basis for effective protection of the rights of foreign authors and Russian authors abroad.
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