Археолошке теме у будућим византолошким истраживањима у Србији

Author(s): Vesna Bikić,Marko Popović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

On the whole, archaeological investigation to date has been extensive and varied in character, ranging from small-scale trial excavations, usually aimed at obtaining basic information about particular sites, and excavations within conservation and restoration projects, to long-term systematic excavations. Consequently, the obtained results vary in value. The best explored so far are the sites in the Danube basin and southwest Serbia, while the archaeological picture of other regions is much vaguer. Despite this disproportion, the results of fieldwork and post-fieldwork analysis provide a solid basis for designing a few major research projects, the final outcome of which is expected to have the value of first-rate historical sources. On this occasion, three projects chronologically corresponding to major phases of Byzantine political, economic and cultural history are proposed. First project is early-Byzantine, encompassing topics relating to fortifications and defence systems, the provisioning of garrisons and trade in general, models and characteristics of planned urbanization and church organization. Second project would deal with topics relating to the period of restored Byzantine control over the Balkans in the 11th and 12th centuries, such as military and administrative seats on the Empire’s re-established border, the Archbishopric of Ohrid, especially the issues such as Christianization and the extent of Byzantinization, including the identification of the symbiosis and distinguishing between Byzantine influence and Slavic legacy. Third project would focus on exploring Byzantine urban and proto-urban centres within the medieval Serbian state, involving programmes of physical and chemical analyses of the recovered archaeological material, which may provide key answers to questions concerning the nature of the economy and trade between the Byzantine core areas and the Balkans. The proposed archaeological projects are expected to come up with some answers to central questions in the field of Byzantine studies. In that sense, the early-Byzantine topics are fully in tune with current concerns within Byzantine studies in Europe, and will make a significant contribution to them. On the other hand, the proposed middle and late Byzantine projects fit into the concerns of Balkan Byzantinology and, as such, have a strong potential for improving the understanding of architecture, culture and art in the Byzantine Balkan provinces. Given that Byzantine archaeology forms an integral part of national archaeology in Serbia, these projects are expected to result in a significant, if not landmark, contribution to understanding the complexity of medieval Serbian culture in general and the decorative arts in particular. In that sense, apart from research based on the archaeological methods, programmes of physical and chemical analyses of products, semi-products and raw materials are proposed for all topics. In addition to identifying the nature of the economy and trade between the Byzantine core areas and the Balkans, such analyses should help clarify technological aspects, i.e. differences and similarities between Byzantine products and contemporary domestic products modelled after them, as well as artefacts of a later date relied on Byzantine technology and style. Of course, publication of excavation and post-excavation results, and the study of artefacts belonging to the Byzantine cultural orbit by origin or inspiration, remain the first and foremost prerequisite for accomplishing the defined project goals.

Chromitites from the Sudetic ophiolite: origin and alteration

Author(s): Katarzyna Delura / Language(s): English

This book presents the petrological and chemical features of high-Al chromitites associated with serpentinized ultramafic rocks of mantle origin in the Jordanów-Gogołów and the Braszowice-Brzeźnica massifs (Sudetes Mts., Poland) as well as the metamorphic processes of chromian spinel and associated silicate minerals. Collected data suggest that models of the Sudetic ophiolite formation have to be revised. The monograph is intended for experts and students in the field of Earth sciences.

Historia astronomii

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

An outline history of science about the Universe presented from the prehistoric times (megalithic astronomy) to the second half of the 20th century (including space research). The book also contains the essay on the ancient Chinese astronomy, the description of the Arab flat astrolabe, the history of the telescope, chronological tables and the outline history of astronomy in Poland. It combines the clear and accessible language with the scientific integrity at the highest world level.

The Demographic Trends on Pension Systems in Romania

Author(s): Tudor Colomeischi,Eugenia Iancu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Within national pension systems, the role of private pensions tends to become increasingly important. In support of this idea, we recall the conclusion that has been made by research that has taken place over time that the value of private pension fund assets has risen on average by 11.5% annually. The impressive value of assets becomes extremely tempting for investors who see extremely good long-term investment opportunities if we consider the amounts traded.The Romanian pension system has entered a continuous process of change, not always with positive consequences on the level of pensions. The truly significant reforms have only emerged since 2000, being favored by the country's accession to the European Union. Unlike other states, in Romanian the 2008 crisis affected the pension system especially in its public component.Private funds have resisted fairly well the problems that have arisen, partly because of the extremely prudent investment policy. The paper attempts to capture the pressures on pension systems, also making a series of forecasts on future developments in different hypotheses of the economic and social context.

Narratio prima or First Account of the Books On the Revolution by Nicolaus Copernicus

Author(s): Georg Joachim Rheticus / Language(s): English,Latin

The first Polish critical edition of Georg Joachim Rheticus’ Narratio Prima (First Account), the treatise on heliocentric astronomy, written in Frauenburg (Frombork), where Rheticus spent two years with Copernicus, and published in Danzig (Gdańsk), in 1540. Georg Joachim Rheticus is known in the history of science as the only disciple of Copernicus and the man, who played a vital part in publishing Copernicus’ revolutionary work De revolutionibus, which was to become the foundation for modern science. In 1540 the world first heard about the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus. Paradoxically enough, this revolution in astronomy was announced not by Copernicus himself but by Georg Joachim Rheticus, a young Lutheran mathematician of Wittenberg, who published the First Account of the Books “On the Revolutions” by Nicolaus Copernicus. His book preceded the publication of Copernicus’ De revolutionibus by three years and became one of the most fascinating texts documenting the life and work of the great Polish astronomer. Rheticus wrote the Narratio prima in Lubawa where he stayed with Copernicus.

Geologiczna historia Polski

Author(s): Marek Narkiewicz / Language(s): Polish

The book describes successive stages of Poland’s geological history: from accretion of the crystalline basement nearly 2 billion years ago to recent times and the near future. Present geological structure of the country is shown as the result of overlapping processes and events, using earlier tectonic patterns and structures. Historical phases are discussed against the current chronostratigraphy, in the continental and partly even global context. The author refers to the results of latest geophysical and geological research.

W reakcji na powojenną przemoc antysemicką. Samoobrona Żydów w Łodzi – uwarunkowania społeczno-polityczne i przestrzenne

Author(s): Andrzej Rykała / Language(s): Polish

Jewish self-defense (Special Commission), like other forms of community life of Polish Jews, was a kind of sensation in Poland after World War II. It was created as a result of a wave of murders in the country, “anti-Jewish provocations, assaults on trains and the killing of Jewish passengers and, finally, the culmination of anti-Jewish activity of armed bands”, which was the Kielce pogrom of July 4, 1946. Actually, the Commission operated for a very short time, only until the end of May 1947. In total, 200 guard groups were formed consisting of 2,500 armed people (with approximately 1,000 rifles, 100 automatic weapons, over 1,000 pistols and 120 grenades), providing a round-the-clock protection of close to 390 objects of the following Jewish institutions: committees, child care homes, nursing homes, repatriate homes, schools, canteens, cooperatives, factories employing a larger number of Jews, Jewish parties, kibbutzim. The establishment of special commissions fulfilled its purpose – about 2,000 interventions, at various levels of government, were carried out throughout Poland, as a result of which attacks or provocations were thwarted and the danger was averted. Apart from performing the primary function of self-defense, the commission’s activity had a significant psychological impact. The presence of guards armed with rifles and automatic weapons in the vicinity of Jewish institutions eased somewhat the “prevailing moods of panic” among Jews that had been caused by the Kielce pogrom. It also had a deterrent effect on potential attackers, or neutralized the willingness to show hostile attitudes towards those who identified themselves as Jewish. The commissions also helped to manage the need, which many Jews had had since the beginning of the war, to stand up for the nation undergoing systematic extermination.

România 1918-2018. Un secol de frământări geopolitice

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian

The volume entitled Romania 1918-2018. One century of geopolitical concerns (coordinated by Associated Professor Marius-Cristian Neacșu, PhD) is the fruit of the efforts and scientific research of the Geopolitics and Business Master Program, within the Bucharest University of Economic Studies, with the participation of both consecrated (professors) and early staged researchers (final year MA students), in a perfect symbiosis, on one hand by virtue of a noble ideal - the appearance in and under the auspices of ASE Bucharest in this important anniversary year, the Centenary of the Great Union (1918-2018) – and, on the other hand, as a proof of the Romanian higher education quality, through relevance, rigor and scientific accuracy of the information. Thus, the paper presents a particular interest, with regards to the subjects as well as its contribution to the understanding of the context and the geopolitical and geoeconomic Romanian framework, its dynamics over the last 100 years, with current implications on the regional and national business environment.The thematic area underlying this volume of studies and researches is Geohistory, Geopolitics and Geoeconomics, being structured in 15 studies, within three parts: Part I. The Centenary of Romania (1. The complicated geopolitical position of Romania, Marius-Cristian NEACȘU); Part II. One century of geopolitical concerns (2. Romania in World War I, Marian TUCĂ; 3. Nicolae Iorga and the Great Union. Geopolitical and geohistorical contributions, Clara NAE; 4. Romania between 1918 and 1944, Beatrice AVRAM; 5. The population of Romania in the interwar period, Bogdan ȚEBREAN; 6. The economy of Romania in the interwar period, Cătălin CONSTANTINESCU; 7. Romania during the communist regime, Roxana MATEI; 8. Romania after 1989, Laura-Iulia CIUPERCĂ; 9. Romania's relations with its neighbouring countries 1918-2018, Alina GHERGHINA, 10. Romanian-Russian relations 1918-2018, Marian TUCĂ); Part III. Geography and Geopolitics. The Romanian School (11. Simion Mehedinți, precursor of the Romanian school of geopolitics, Marius-Cristian NEACȘU; 12. Romania in the Romanian geopolitical studies in the first half of the 20th century, Silviu NEGUȚ, Marius-Cristian NEACȘU; 13. The contribution of Romanian geographers to the construction of modern Romania. Paris Peace Conference, 1919-1920, Marius-Cristian NEACȘU, Gheorghe VLĂSCEANU; 14. Simion Mehedinți, the great absent of Paris Peace Conference, 1919-1920, Marius-Cristian NEACȘU; 15. A long century of geography at Bucharest University of Economic Studies. The Master Program of Geopolitics and Business, Marius-Cristian NEACȘU).

România între anii 1918-1944

Author(s): Beatrice Avram / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Populația României în perioada interbelică

Author(s): Bogdan Țebrean / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Economia României în perioada interbelică

Author(s): Cătălin Constantinescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

România în timpul regimului comunist

Author(s): Roxana Matei / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

România după 1989

Author(s): Laura-Iulia Ciupercă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Relațiile României cu vecinii (1918-2018)

Author(s): Alina Gherghina / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

La Yougoslavie

Author(s): Ante Ciliga / Language(s): French

A former member of the Jugoslav Communist Party discusses the Tito-Stalin rupture and attempts to analyze the probable influence on the conflict of the earlier and unresolved struggle between Serb and Croat.

Geschichte der Ukraine von den Anfängen bis zum Jahre 1920

Author(s): Borys Krupnyćkyj / Language(s): German

Content: I. Die Kiewer Periode II. Das galizisch-wolhynische Fürstentum III. Die Ukraine unter litauischer Oberherrschaft IV. Die Ukraine unter Polen V. Anfänge und Entwicklung des Kosakentums VI. Die Lage der Ukraine in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Die Auseinandersetzung der Kosaken mit Polen VII. Bohdan Chmelnyckyj, der Begründer der ukrainischen Kosakenstaates VIII. Der Kosakenstaat in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Die Zeit der Irrungen und Wirrungen IX. Die Zeit Mazepas X. Der Hetmanstaat der linksufrigen Ukraine im 18. Jahrhundert XI. Die Schicksale der rechtsufrigen Ukraine, der Zaporoger . Sitsch und der Sloboder Ukraine im18. Jahrhundert XII. Die ukrainische nationale Bewegung im 19. Jahrhundert XIII. Die Westukraine zur Zeit des nationalen Erwachens XIV. Die Ukraine im 20. Jahrhundert. Der Befreiungskampf bis zum Jahre 1920 Literaturnachweis Namenregister

Fordulópontok és meghatározó személyiségek Erdély altalajkincseinek megismeréstörténetében 1920 előtt

Author(s): Ferenc Wanek / Language(s): Hungarian

This volume is an attempt to paint a picture of the history of natural resources and mining in Transylvania, through a few selected examples arranged in a chronological order, up to the point in time mentioned in the title. It relies on a scientific approach, but also tries to give an account that is easy to read and understand.Some of the chapters identify the locations of medieval mines that were known from documents but had no precise geographic positions; others call the attention to the fact that, taking into account their characteristics, some modern-day mines were also active during medieval times. The book guides the reader through the adventurous history of learning about the geology of energy resources (natural gas, coal) in Transylvania. In the process of doing that, it also highlights ideas and concepts that were introduced here for the first time in the history of science, such as the industrial use of natural gas, pioneering research on single-celled fossils, and the clarification of stratigraphic controversies through the use of paleontology. The effect of the scientific, economic, societal, and political context on the exploration and exploitation of raw materials – and mineral waters as well – is also discussed.By describing the work of a few outstanding Transylvanian geologists (e.g., Franz Herbich, Gyula Halaváts, and Mór Pálfy), we also highlight that, despite all the difficulties of doing scientific work in a small and often disadvantaged country, thanks to these scientists, this region was able to keep up with, or even lead, the scientific advances in Europe and the rest of the world. In some cases we also discuss their contributions in areas outside of the geosciences.By summarizing and cataloguing those publications of these researchers that are relevant to Transylvania, we also hope to aid further studies in the history of geoscience in this region.

Kroaten und Slowenen: zwei Darstellungen

Author(s): Andreas Milčinović,Johann Krek / Language(s): German

THE ORIGINAL COPY USED FOR DIGITIZATION HAS BEEN PRINTED IN GERMAN FRAKTURA FONT. PLEASE MAKE SURE, THAT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO READ THIS KIND OF TEXT AND TAPEFACE. // Karl Noetzel wrote in his introduction (in a very „ Zeitgeist-Language“ of the first WorldWar): What we lack for the time being is the knowledge of the Slavic peoples' individualities. The following text should have an enlightening effect here. That is perhaps the only new thing about the Slavs of Austria: the possibility that in each of these nations there were people who were able to speak to us in another language, in our German, about the most sacred thing there was for them, about their nation. This is - it seems to me - a pleasant proof of the high Slavic Culture.

L’Ancien Art Bulgare

Author(s): Bogdan Filow / Language(s): French

The scholars who have studied the past of the Bulgarian people have all confined themselves almost exclusively to the domain of its political destinies. The founding of the Bulgarian Empire, its incessant struggles against Byzantium during the Middle Ages, the national movement during modern times, these are the most important questions to the clarification of which native and foreign Bulgarian historiography has in the first place consecrated. On the other hand, the intimate life of the nation and its conquests in the intellectual spheres have been examined more superficially. One easily recognizes in the ancient Bulgarians political aptitudes and warlike virtues, by the fact that they succeeded in grouping the Slavic populations of the Balkan peninsula into a vigorous and viable state and that they were able to maintain themselves in this way despite the numerical predominance of Byzantium, but we do not do enough justice to their intellectual talents. It is wrongly taken for granted that the Bulgarians received all their material and moral civilization from the Byzantines from whom they were inspired. Now, the first of the Slavic peoples, they created for themselves a script which they passed on to the other Slavs, which should suffice to prove that they also sought in the intellectual field to maintain their independence and independence in an absolute way. their national characteristics with regard to the Byzantines. Still the first among the Slavs, they established a completely autonomous national church.

Echoes

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): English,French Issue: 8/2024