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BALKAN CULTURAL STUDIES PUBLISHED IN ÉTUDES BALKANIQUES (2014 – 2023)

Author(s): Gergana Doncheva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The text summarizes a corpus of articles in the field of Balkan Cultural Studies published in the journal Études balkaniques during the period 2014 – 2023. In view of the plethora of topics and methodological approaches, the review is structured in three main categories covering the following areas: Literature and Cultural Relations, Theatre and Cinema, Visual Culture. The text outlines the general tendencies and contributions observed in the above-mentioned publications.

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Към „медийната археология“ на грамофона в България

Author(s): Ventsislav Dimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2024

The study on the music recorded and reproduced on commercial media places in the framework of the research interest the early recordings of military bands in Bulgaria, recorded and published by the Gramophone Company in the first decades of the twentieth century. The emphasis is on the role of gramophones and gramophone records in Bulgaria as functioning objects (advertisements from periodicals from the first decade of the 20th century, literary works and memoirs are analyzed), symbols (labels are analyzed). Starting from the general picture, the study focuses on the place of the army and professional musicians in early Bulgarian gramophone records, shown as fields of cultural production and habitus. The ratios of genre arrays in early recordings are described and analyzed: "folk" music (folk, potpourri), military music (marches), popular music (Western dance idioms), art music, sound pictures. The relationship of contexts with contents has been sought, bringing out some encounters in military band recordings of Western and local, modern and traditional, political and popular.

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„Слънчевите изгреви“ на фолклорна музика като „спектакъл“: преливания между фестивална сцена и телевизионен ефир.

Author(s): Lozanka Peycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2024

The proposed article examines the relationship between two institutions that normatively frame and manage sustainable practices of reproduction and modernization of folklore music in Bulgaria in the 21st century - a city festival for folk art and television media (and related digital platforms) that reflects it. The Folklore Sunrise Festival and Sunrise Music TV (Kiss M+) together create a vibrant "folk" scene that is socially and culturally significant, and attractive to communities connected to Bulgarian music-folk traditions.

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Съвместна изложба „Двоица“ на Венцислав Димов и Орлин Спасов

Author(s): Ventsislav Dimov,Orlin Spassov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2024

Presentation of the first joint exhibition by Orlin Spassov and Ventsislav Dimov "Dvoitsa" /"Both of us" (February 15 - March 20, 2024, Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication) by the authors and photos of their works.

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Артистичен порив без чадъра на професионалните регламенти и йерархии.

Author(s): Georgi Lozanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2024

Speech by Georgi Lozanov at the opening of the exhibition "Dvoitsa" on February 15, 2024.

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Аспекти от демографската характеристика на българите в Бесарабия през 30-те години на ХХ век

Author(s): Inna Manasieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

After the collapse of the Russian Empire at the end of the First World War and the accession of Bessarabia to the Kingdom of Romania, a large Bulgarian population found itself within the borders of this country. The census of the population in the Kingdom held on December 29, 1930 allows to trace certain aspects of the demographic development of the Bulgarians in Bessarabia. This article focuses on the quantitative growth of the Bulgarian population, the territorial distribution of Bulgarian communities and the level of urbanization of the Bulgarians.

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Българите в контекста на миграционните процеси в Северна Таврия през 1860 – 1863 г..

Author(s): Sergej Pachev,Valentina Pacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article is dedicated to the resettlement of Bulgarians from Southern Bessarabia and Northwestern Bulgaria to Northern Azov (Northern Tavria) in 1861–1862 as an integral part of a broad multinational and multi-vector migration process in this region. The place of the Bulgarian element in the context of this complex migration process is outlined. A conclusion is made that as a result of this migration process a separate group of the Bulgarian Diaspora was formed – the so-called “Taurid Bulgarians”

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Женското облекло на българите в селищата Кортен и Твардица, Р. Молдова (краят на ХIX – началото на ХХ век).

Author(s): Natalia Darmancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

This text presents the women’s clothes of the Bulgarians in the settlements of Korten and Tvarditsa in Moldova in the period between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Two museum collections from the museums in the village of Korten and the town of Tvarditsa in Moldova are analyzed. In this study, the author seeks to answer the question of what did the Bulgarian women dress at that time and how did they do it. The reconstruction and interpretation of the data include the form, the structure and the terminology of clothing, as well as its constituent parts. The comparative-historical and systemic-structural analysis is applied, which allow to clearly reconstruct the idea of clothing of women from the Bulgarian settlements of Korten and Tvardica in Moldova on the boundary between the two centuries.Bulgarian women’s clothes in the settlements of Korten and Tvarditsa in Moldova

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Из архивното наследство на Райна Кацарова: следи от присъствието на таврийски българи в България.

Author(s): Galin Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

In my previous announcements and publications, I have already paid attention to the expedition of the famous Bulgarian folklorist Rayna Katsarova in Dobrudza in the summer of 1944. The expedition is more deeply analysed in this article, the particular occasion being that after the finding of the file with the report by Rayna Katsarova about this travelling, I was happy to find her fieldwork records done in several living settings in Northeast Bulgaria: Balchik, Lyulyakovo, Dobrevo, etc. Their data is preserved in the Musical Folklore Archive of the Institute of Art Studies at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. A specific focus of Rayna Katsarova’s expedition in Dobrudza is the Bulgarian newcomers from Tavria (region which at that time was situated in the Ukrainian SSR), who bear specific vernacular, traditions and folklore. Our big folklorist did not know at the time being that just in several months they would leave their metropolis. In about 2000 Tavrian Bulgarians were deported back to the USSR. In their turn, the Tavrian Bulgarians in Dobrudza did not know that the meetings with a scholar like Rayna Katsarova were a unique chance to leave to the next generation a record of a small part of their cultural memory, rites and musical folklore as a document for the development of their culture and ethnic identity in the conditions of the Second World War.

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Challenging ‘Leftist Big Tech’ through Right-wing Alternative Social Media: Parler and Albicla in Polish Conservative Media Discourse

Author(s): Szymon Wigienka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Numerous “free speech” platforms have been launched in recent years as a form of protest against content moderation practices on mainstream social media. This paper asks the question of how the issue of these emerging right-wing alternative social media is discursively constructed, taking as an example the Polish conservative media debate over the American service Parler and its Polish equivalent Albicla. Taking a critically discursive approach, the article provides an analysis of the discursive strategies applied, and critically embeds the findings in the broader socio-political context, as well as in the alternative media theory. The results show that, drawing on the wartime rhetoric and numerous references to Poland’s non-democratic past, the discourse creates a populist narrative of identity conflict between two opposing groups: “them” – hostile “leftists” seeking to impose a radical, progressive social order and “us” – oppressed protectors of freedom and common-sense values. The study additionally indicates that the issue is also utilised for the purposes of rivalry between domestic right-wing factions. Furthermore, the data contains frequent reference to issues of political economy and thus, intriguingly, overlaps to some extent with left-wing media critique, in that both agree on the necessity of contesting a monopolised media market and developing alternative means of communication.

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Анатол Анчев. Превъплъщения (Притчи за изначалото). София: Издателска къща „Тип-топ прес“, 2022

Author(s): Angelina Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Book review

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O przestrzeni humanistyki

Author(s): Łukasz Kołoczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2024

In the philosophical article I would like to formulate a statement that the humanities are Geisteswissenschaften, although I am far from naively repeating the 19th century slogans. I respect what happened in the humanities in the 20th century, but it seems to me that it is possible to refer to old concepts anew, giving them new life. One such concept is the concept of spirit (der Geist). I am trying to give it new meanings by bringing relationships with space to the foreground (moving relationships with time to the background). The space, however, is thought differently than traditionally. The spirit turns out to be the space of the humanities.

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СЪВРЕМЕННО РАЗВИТИЕ НА АНТРОПОГЕОГРАФИЯТА

Author(s): Petar Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2015

Anthropogeography is one of major branches in modern geography. Emerged at the end of 19th century in German geography, today it is wide spread in all geographic schools, though with different names: Anthropogeographie/Humangeographie, human geography, geografia humana, geographie humaine, социально-экономическая география, общественная география and so on. A plenty of definitions exists about its research subject: space-man relations, spatial organization of human actions, and spatial organization of society. In anthropology it is a branch dealing with geographic distribution of human beings. Anthropogeography went several periods of development depending on domination of leading paradigms, concepts and approaches. Accordingly an attempt will be made in this study to define the most important paradigms, respectively periods of modern anthropogeography: geodeterministic; spatial-scientific; possibilism; cultural landscape; functional phase; phase of social geography; scientism approach to economic and social geography; phase of behavior and decision making approaches; humanistic geography; qualitative social geography; oriented to action paradigm and so on.

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АНТРОПОГЕОГРАФИЯТА, НОВАТА ГЕОГРАФИЯ НА ИКОНОМИКАТА И ПРОСТРАНСТВЕНОТО РАЗВИТИЕ НА СЕЛИЩНАТА МРЕЖА

Author(s): Maria Shishmanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2015

The study draws on contemporary views of anthropogeography and offers some new treatments on its interpretation and development. It presents the basis and superstructure of the new geography of the economy and the related changes in the spatial development of the settlement network and cultural landscapes. These changes form also the regional problems of society. From this perspective, anthropogeography may be deemed to form the regional geography of human society. The study examined the uneven distribution of population on the territory, the reasons for such distribution and its social, economic, demographic and cultural issues in relation to existing geographical environment and resources necessary to carry out policies. Analyzed through this prism anthropogeography is the science of humans forming their economic, social, ecological living environment, which should be managed so as to be sustainable over time and space.

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ДРЕВНОТО ЕВРАЗИЙСКО ЕТНИЧЕСКО ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ДОЛЕН ДЕСЕН ДУНАВ КАТО ЕТНОГЕНЕТИЧНА ЗОНА

Author(s): Petar Petrov,Boris Kazakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2015

The article represents an attempt to outline thе areas in Eurasia, where the landscape and environment conditions supposedly were the most optimal for the development of ancient human communities of different ranks, including ancient human civilizations. By analyzing the contemporary natural and climatic conditions, as well as through paleo-landscapei reconstructions of the region of the Danube Valley (Lower Right Danube), a hypothesis of the existence of optimal living conditions for growth of the human population in this part of the Balkans and Europe is proposed, which area therefore is referred to as "ethnogenetic zone”.

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ГЕОГРАФСКО РАЗПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ НА ВЪЗРОЖДЕНСКИТЕ АРХИТЕКТУРНО-ЕТНОГРАФСКИ КОМПЛЕКСИ В ПЛАНИНСКИТЕ И ПОЛУПЛАНИНСКИТЕ РАЙОНИ НА БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Maria Grozeva,Nadezhda IlIeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2015

National Revival architectural and ethnographic complexes and sites are an essential part of Bulgarian national culture. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial concentration of the main reserves and complexes of this type in the mountainous and hilly areas of the country. To achieve this aim are used cartographic and comparative geographic method (Arc GIS 92) and historical approach. As a result, a map of these sites is geographically identified cultural and historical localizations and major axes of the monuments of this age. An architectural and historical assessment of their importance for cultural tourism is done.

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МЕНХИРИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ И НА БАЛКАНИТЕ – ПРОБЛЕМИ И НАЛИЧНОСТ

Author(s): Lyubomir Tsonev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2017

The present study deals with a specific type of megalithic monuments – with menhirs in Bulgaria and on the Balkan Peninsula. At the beginning, some important methodological issues are discussed: definitions of megalithic sites in general and menhirs in particular – individual as well as grouped in various sets. Then information about menhirs on Bulgarian territory from the end of XIX till the beginning of XXI century is collected and presented in detail. Individual menhirs, menhir rows and cromlechs from North-East and South-East Bulgaria are described. They are compared with similar sites on Crimea Peninsula and in South Ireland. In this sense, Bulgarian megalithic area represents a significant transition region from West European and Mediterranean megalithic world in east direction towards the big Black sea megalithic arc: Balkan Peninsula – Crimea – Caucasus – Armenian Mountains Zangezur. The main methodological problem discussed here is the formal resemblance between prehistoric menhirs and medieval Islamic tombstones. Turkish researchers assert that nearly 2,000 orthostats registered in the area between Edirne and Lalapasha are menhirs and significantly differ from Islamic tombstones. Within the limits of Europe, this problem occurs only on the Balkan Peninsula and – if neglected – it can distort the overall picture of megalitism in the whole region. After a critical review of a number of similar sites in northeastern Bulgaria and Rhodope Mountains, this report comes to the opposite conclusion: The Edirne orthostats are most probably abandoned medieval Muslim gravestones and not prehistoric megaliths – menhirs.

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ДЕВТАШЛАРИТЕ КРАЙ ПЛИСКА – ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ ЗА РЕИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ

Author(s): Lyubomir Tsonev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2017

The devtashlari are numerous objects of megalithic character. The official opinion interprets them as proto-Bulgarian monuments which are created in VII–VIII cent. AD. The author examines the devtashlari in two contexts. Compared with the early Christian architectural monuments of Byzantine 122 origin in Bulgarian lands (IV–VI cent. AD) as well as with the temples in the old Bulgarian capitals Pliska and Preslav (built in IX–X cent. AD) the devtashlari appear as extremely primitive objects. The official interpretation is shown to be impossible from the point of view of a normal architectural evolution. On the contrary, the devtashlari find their adequate place among the numerous monuments of rock-cut and megalithic character in Bulgaria originating from III–II millenium BC. So the present analysis gives a more convincing dating and interpretation of the devtashlari. The devtashlari are in fact classic menhirs. Some of them are grouped in rectangular grids exactly like the famous menhirs in Menec, Brittany, France. Such specific grouping happens very rarely in the megalithic world. The mechanical treatment of the devtashlari and the state of their surface are also identical with the Menec menhirs.

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АРХЕОАСТРОНОМИЯ И АРХЕОУРБАНИСТИКА – ОБЩ ПОГЛЕД И НЯКОИ ПРОБЛЕМИ

Author(s): Lyubomir Tsonev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2017

This study aims to clarify numerous interdisciplinary problems that arise at the interface between arhаeo-astronomy and ancient Roman Urbanism. The general scheme of a Roman city as well as its concrete implementation in the new cities built during the territorial expansion of Ancient Rome is described. The author discusses in detail various situations where it is possible to make mistakes in interpreting the street system orientation of the Roman cities. Referred to are those weaknesses in the description and publication of archaeological sites that do not allow adequate and reliable archaeoastronomical analysis. All the published data about the street orientation in Roman cities in Bulgaria are collected and presented here for the first time. Several classical Roman cities in Bulgaria are commented that have inherited earlier Thracian or Roman settlements (Ulpia Escus, Serdica, Philipopol, Seuthopolis).

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АНТИЧНИЯТ АНСАМБЪЛ СТЪЛПИЩЕ, РУСЕНСКО – ЕЛЕМЕНТ ОТ ТРАКО-ФРИГИЙСКАТА КОНТАКТНА ЗОНА

Author(s): Lyubomir Tsonev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2017

The locality Stalpishte / Dikili-tash (Russe) presents a combination of natural and historical objects which have a noticeable cultural and touristic potential. The present study collects all the data concerning the historical monuments from the Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages including photographs and original descriptions. An interpretative analysis is proposed of two monuments in the locality Stalpishte / Dikili-tash: (1) a rock reflief of a horseman and (2) a cave sanctuary crowned with a rock-graved pediment. The figure of the horseman has a Thracian origin, but its rock-cut representations have been spread over the whole Thracian-Phrygian region in Roman times. The Thracian horseman is depicted on the reliefs in various compositions (the hunter-god Heros, the war-god Ares, the local king possessing a god-dignity etc.) but always in the frames of the thracian mythology infiltrated into Phrygia. The cave sanctuary with a rock-cut pediment is a more complicated object. Rock temples and graves are created in Thracia as well as in Phrygia. Pediments are also widely used in both regions. Pediments graved over rock (or cave) temples or over rock facades are a typically Phrygian phenomenon. In this sense the rock sanctuary in Stalpishte / Dikili-tash is unique on the Balkan peninsula, i.e. for the Thracian area, and it has been built possibly in Roman times under the influence of the Phrygian architecture. However, the pediment over the cave sanctuary in Stalpishte / Dikili-tash contains a typical Thracian element – four graved trapezoidal niches which are known in the East Rhodope Mountain (i.e. in Thrace) only. We can conclude that the monuments in Stalpishte / Dikili-tash (Russe) demonstrate in an very impressing and convincing way the cultural interactions between Thracia and Phrygia in Roman times.

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