U początku kształtowania się na ziemiach polskich nowoczesnych nauk o człowieku i jego zróżnicowaniu „rasowym”

Author(s): Joanna Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2021

The article analyses the earliest period of the shaping modern human sciences, studies on human nature, the origins of humans, and physical and cultural diversity of humans in Poland.This process, including several separate stages, began under the influence of the ideas spread by the European Enlightenment and reflected the development of natural sciences that brought a deeper interest in humans, seen from a new perspective, free from religious determinism.Pioneering searches for a secular approach combined creationism and biblical tradition with a rational attitude based on achievements in natural history, linguistics, philosophy, history, and biblical critique.In the next stage, natural history constituted a distinct science with a precise scope of research that included, except mineralogy and botany, also zoology as well as human sciences perceived from a biological perspective. First definitions of anthropology described it as a science only emerging from natural history, with the aim to study both physical and moral aspects of humans.After 1831, human sciences experienced a different situation in various Polish research centers that finally ceased to exist, including Vilnius University, the leader in research in natural history. Under the influence of Romantic ideas, a view was propagated that mental ties were superior to physical ones, spiritual ties to blood kinship, culture was more important than biology.The emphasis in the study of humans was no longer on natural history, as in the late 18th century and the early 19th century, but on issues connected with mind and culture. The growth of both natural science and the humanities led to the establishment of new directions and areas of research that earlier were covered by natural history and history. Authors came to believe that study of humans requires a combination of various methods and cooperation of scholars representing numerous specialized sciences, however with their specific features preserved. This pioneering period lasted until the early 1860s when anthropology became an academic discipline on the Polish lands (translated by Jacek Serwański).

Darwin’s On the Origin of Species in Russia and in the USSR: some aspects of translation and publication

Author(s): Mikhail B. Konashev / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

The translation of Ch. Darwin’s main and most well-known book, On the Origin of Species, had great significance for the reception and development of his evolution theory in Russia and later in the USSR, and for many reasons. The history of the book’s publication in Russian in tsarist Russia and in the Soviet Union is analyzed in detail.The first Russian translation of On the Origin of Species was made by Sergey A. Rachinsky in 1864. Till 1917 On the Origin of Species had been published more than ten times, including the publication in Darwin’s collected works. The edition of 1907– –1909 with Timiryazev as editor had the best quality of translation and scientific editing. This translation was used in all subsequent Soviet and post-Soviet editions. During Soviet time, On the Origin of Species was published seven times in total, and three times as a part of Darwin’s collected works.From 1940 to 1987, as a result of the domination of Lysenkoism in Soviet biology, On the Origin of Species was not published in the USSR.During the post-Soviet period, the book was published only two times, and it happened already in the 21st century. The small number of editions of Darwin’s main book in post-Soviet time is one of the consequences of the discredit of the evolutionary theory in mass media and by the Russian Orthodox Church as well as the rise of neo-Lysenkoism.The general circulation of nine pre-revolutionary editions of On the Origin of Species was about 30,000–35,000 copies. Only four editions which had been released in the USSR from 1926 to 1937 had the total circulation in 79,200 copies. Two post-Soviet editions published in 2001 and in 2003 had already a circulation of only 1,000 copies. Subsequent editions in each period of Russian history was thus some kind of an answer to the scientific, political and social requirements of the Russian society and the Russian state.

The Songs of the Lost Land: Re-envisioning the Turkish Folk Songs from Adakele through Previous Compilations and Research Studies

Author(s): Cenk Güray,Duygu Günever / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 1/2021

Adakale, a center of Turkish culture in the Balkans since the 15th century, has witnessed the establishment of cultural communication between the Balkan people sharing the multicultural life symbolized by the River Danube. After the “loss” of Adakale by being submerged in 1970, music and literature were the only media reflecting this memory. The past studies of Turkish folk poetry and music compiled from the Adakale region will be evaluated within this work. Possible methods of re-envisioning the melodies of the compiled lyrics whose melodies are lost will be discussed by utilizing compilations made from other regions of the Balkan Peninsula and using the folk melodies in Turkey that originated from the Balkan lands.

Обучението по български език и литература в Република Молдова

Author(s): Nadezhda Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article presents the process of teaching Bulgarian language and literature. It identifies the main objectives, approaches and problems in teaching this subject at the contemporary stage in the Republic of Moldova. In the process of teaching Bulgarian language and literature, the linguistic approach is a priority, as it is one of the most effective approaches aimed at developing and improving the abilities and skills for the realization of intercultural communication by studying language as a cultural phenomenon.

Miejsce i rola diaspory w promocji polskiej kultury w świetle polityk publicznych

Author(s): Mariusz Dzięglewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article is aimed at seeking an answer to the question about the place of Polish immigrant organizations centered around cultural activities, Polish artists residing abroad and the general immigrant community within the organizational field focused on the promotion of Polish culture abroad. To answer the question, the author analyses key documents underpinning cultural policy and policy towards diaspora, describes the structure of organizational field including various kind of organizations engaged in promotion of Polish culture abroad. The policy analysis covered the presentation of assumptions on the role the diaspora should play both – as an addressee and the “tool” of public policies. Findings on positioning of organizations representing Polish diaspora in organizational field stemming from the analysis of documents were confronted with the results of state programs analysis. The author focused on 15 state programs ran between 2017 and 2022 – their goals and beneficiaries. The study reveals that immigrant organizations and Polish artist residing abroad had limited access to structural support for their projects, despite policy makers’ positive evaluation of diaspora resources. Members of diaspora are positioned at the periphery of national branding organizational field. Therefore, the resources of numerous members of Polish diaspora – dispersed around the whole world – are still underestimated and unused.

Седемнадесети международни Цар-Шишманови дни в Самоков на Асоциация за антропология, етнология и фолклористика „Онгъл“

Author(s): Rossen Malchev,Konstantin Rangochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

Feministyczna hałda pamięci

Author(s): Katarzyna Bojarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The author analyzes women’s artistic practices, framed as manifestations of environmental art of memory of violence and destruction – both political violence directed against people and violence directed against nature. The analyzed artists appear not so much as contemporary incarnations of Benjaminian angel of history, but rather as figures who while turning backwards descent into the depths, and as such not so much look at the debris as they penetrate it. Their practice is seen here as learning from the coexistence with the matter of the past and the past of the matter – the theoretical tool that the author employs is that of the postindustrial heap (hałda). The author shows how, by analyzing the works of such artists as Joanna Rajkowska, Karolina Grzywnowicz, Diana Lelonek, one can think differently about the relationship with the past and even the very idea of historicity today.

Les régimes mémoriels postcommunistes et les monuments bucarestois

Author(s): Claudia-Florentina Dobre / Language(s): French Issue: 22/2023

„Crossroads images”, as Régine Robin called them, monuments are central to processes of appropriation or disavowal of the past, while preserving their status as symbols of identity for individuals, various groups, a city, and the nation. They are concrete images of the relation to the past of the community that builds and, sometimes, destroys them. They can also be vandalized when changes in society occur, especially during revolutions and coups d’état. After the fall of the communism, the fate of the monuments built during the old regime can be broken down into two contrasting categories: those illustrating communist ideological figures and symbols were dismantled; those representing national heroes, however, remained standing, becoming objects of new politics of memory. Furthermore, new personalities and symbols joined existing monuments as key individuals for post-communist national memory were commemorated: anticommunist fighters, members of the Romanian royal family, or interwar politicians. The accession to the European Union was also inscribed in Romania’s memorialization practices, as monuments dedicated to leading European figures have been erected.

Идеята на автаркия от домашната икономика в глобалния капитализъм: антропологически рефлексии

Author(s): Miladina Monova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

Self-sufficiency as the idea of autarky and self-reliance is a growing topic in crises time, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Leaving aside debates on the possibilities of a new global order, this text explores self-sufficiency as a value and practice “always there”, as generations of anthropologists have shown in their work on the household as an economic institution. Several key authors examining dialectics between mutuality and market realms are considered, with a focus on the way in which these contradictory logics play in families' strategies of making a living. Dynamics of process and change are evoked through case studies on Macedonia and the major contributions of two little-known authors – J. Obrębski (1930s) and D. Rhubottom(1960s). I argue that while markets tend to colonise the territory of communal economy, autarky, as a certain idea of autonomy, remains powerful.

Поминък и изграждане на социални солидарности. По примера на розопроизводството в района на град Шипка

Author(s): Ilia Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article examines the role of rose production in building social ties in a small Bulgarian village. I argue that the specificity of rose production, namely the need to mobilize a lot of labour in a short time, leads to the construction of a system of exchange of services and lasting mutual dependencies between people of different generations, classes and ethnic groups in the region.

Мъжете в малките населени места – маргинализирани и нужни

Author(s): Vasil Baltadziev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The present text focuses on the problems faced by the men who live in the contemporary Bulgarian village. Using empirical data gathered in a long period of fieldwork, I discuss some of the aspects related to their daily life and focus on the position they occupy in the community that they are a part of. My observation showed that in many of the villages I visited, alcohol consumption was seen more as a part of everyday life, young men who consumed large amounts were looked with compation by the older generation, who often needed their physical help. The exception was in cases in which alcohol dependence led to more complex problems – for example, aggression or abuse. The case in Northwestern Bulgaria is specific and more problematic. The poverty of the region, combined with high unemployment, had created a bleaker picture. The local image of the “ pustinyaka” had a lot more of the characteristics usually associated with a marginal person.

Пепеляшките нагоре – надолу по стълбата на социалната мобилност. Спомени за бедността на бежанците от Източна Тракия

Author(s): Diana Radoynova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article approves the biographical approach and the case study method on a specific text fragment – the ancestral memories of a descendant of refugees from Lozengrad in 1903 about poverty, deprivation, humiliation, lack of social support and the difficult integration into the host community for three generations in a row. The empirical text is interpreted through the theoretical concepts of some of the most prominent researchers of poverty and its accompanying social dynamics such as Sorokin, Bourdieu, Simmel, etc.

Управление при бедствия в България: два случая на скорошни наводнения от юни 2023 г..

Author(s): Vanya Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The article presents and analyses disaster management in Bulgaria with a focus on floods based on two recent examples in the town of Berkovitsa and the town of Etropole from June 2023. An overview is given of definitions, strategic documents, and legislation at the national and local level on disaster management mechanisms in particular floods and the key actors on the ground. The article discusses the idea, put forward by Lisa Irene Saban, that public administration can facilitate the possibility of mutual empowerment between structures ' above’ (state apparatus) and ‘below’ (volunteers, residents in general) through collaboration with active civil society associations during natural disasters. Based on the tracking of the two flood cases, the article traces the stages that characterize the management process: (1)preparing for a disaster before it occurs, (2) developing disaster response measures, and (3)relief and recovery after natural disasters occur.

Folkloric Elements in 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑚: 𝐴 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑣 𝑁𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑙

Author(s): Saša Simović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2023

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑚: 𝐴 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑣 𝑁𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑙 by P. Jones, published in 1895 and dedicated to “His Highness, Prince Nicholas of Montenegro,” is an intriguing piece of literature, even though little is known about either the author or the book. With an intricate plot comprising multiple framed stories and presented by an omniscient narrator, the text centres on the exploits of two “blood brothers” and is of modest literary merit. However, it vividly portrays traditional values, customs, national costumes, places, superstitions, and has a distinct local feel. This article aims to identify and analyse the key folkloric elements present in 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑚: 𝐴 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑣 𝑁𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑙 and to provide a commentary on the novel from the perspective of cultural history.

Българският фолклор в читанките за първи и втори клас

Author(s): Anna Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article presents part of the results of a research activity carried out under the project “SUMMIT – Research, testing and analysis of the implementation of innovative approaches in the education of students and pupils from 1st to 4th grades – Part I”. The goal is for students to be prepared methodically and correctly to develop the topics related to studying/teaching works from Bulgarian folklore, included in the 27 alternative reading books from first to fourth grade, through which the “Literary Education” component is realized. Tables No. to No. 14 show the number and titles of texts from Bulgarian (and foreign) folklore that are included in the analyzed 15 reading books for first and second grade. The relative share of works from Bulgarian folklore, compared to the total number of studied works, as well as texts that are present in more than one reading book, is highlighted.

In memoriam Албена Георгиева

Author(s): Angelina Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 48/2024

In memoriam Магдалена Елчинова

Author(s): Irena Bokova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 48/2024

Митове. Фолклор. Етноси. Сборник в памет на проф. дфн Евгения Мицева.

Author(s): Katya Mihailova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 48/2024

Да направиш снимка е най-лесният и същевременно най-изтънченият фокус.

Author(s): Ventsislav Dimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2024

Ventsislav Dimov's interview with Orlin Spasov on the occasion of the exhibition “Both of us”(“Dvoitsa”). Spassov's answers show photography as a hobby and part of his professional interests.

Нещотърсачеството като бягство и любов, която измисля света с образи.

Author(s): Orlin Spassov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2024

Orlin Spassov's interview with Ventsislav Dimov on the occasion of the “Both of us” (Dvoitsa”) exhibition. Dimov's answers present art as a child's play, as an escape from words, as a search for meaning through invention.