„Чикаго – българският град“ – поглед отвън и отвътре

Author(s): Dilyana Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

By using the methods of the ethnological research, the present article presents the dynamic of the state of the Bulgarian community in Chicago and its manifestations,as well as the reasons behind the designation of Chicago as the „Bulgarian city“not only by the local Bulgarian group but by the „others“ as well – the society, the authorities and the media in the United States. The study focuses on the spaces ofthe Bulgarians in Chicago and the metropolis, the representative institutions of thecommunity – its churches, schools, cultural and public institutions, the media, thefeasts, the events as well as the places of memory. As a certain manifestation of self-confidence and successful integration of the local Bulgarians in the multiculturalenvironment of Chicago, the article analyses also the book „Chicago – the BulgarianCity“ in which the Bulgarian community describes and identifies itself. This book as well as the examination of the social life and cultural activities of the Bulgarians in Chicago and the suburbs show that the diaspora is interwoven in the American social structure but at the same time maintains its own parallel structure which fits the American nation with its specific character.

За изследователските полета на градската етнология

Author(s): Nikolay Nenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The musical and liturgical aspects of the great feasts of the Church services inserted in the Great Lent

Author(s): Shorena Metreveli / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (30)/2016

The culture of Georgian chant is variable and particular schools are different from each other. The vital schools are Gelati, Shemoqmedi (West Georgian chant traditions) and Karbelashvilebi (East Georgian chant traditions). The paper presents musical analysis of West Georgian chant traditions, using Gelati school as an example. Scores are taken from Georgian musical manuscripts from the 19th century, which are saved in National Centre of Manuscripts and were written by St. Pilimon the Chanter (Koridze) and St. Ekvtime the Confessor (Kereselidze). The article’s aim is to show how some of the Great Feasts in Georgia were celebrated. The first part contains the examination of some individual aspects of Georgian liturgical practice. The second part synthetises what is important in the process of researching Georgian chant. The analysis shows individuality of the chant material. Diversity and abundance of existing materials gives the opportunity to conduct further research on the topic.

Turkey’s refugees, Syrians and refugees from Turkey: a country of insecurity

Author(s): Ibrahim Sirkeci / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The European Union (EU) has faced one of its biggest crises with the rise of population inflows through its Eastern and Southern neighbours as well as movements within the Union. In 2016, the main debate that dominated Europe was on restricting migration within and into the EU along with concerns and objections to the refugee quota systems and the sharing of the burden among member states. Turkey emerged as a ‘gate keeper’ in this crisis and has since been at the centre of debates because of the large Syrian refugee population in the country and billions of Euros it was promised to prevent refugees travelling to Europe. The Syrian crisis produced over 4.8 million refugees with over 2.8 million were based in Turkey by the end of 2016. Turkey with its generous support for Syrian refugees has been confirmed as a ‘country of security’. This shadows the darker side of affairs as the very same country has also produced millions of asylum seekers since the 1980 military coup. Current circumstances and fresh evidence indicate that there will be more EU bound refugees coming through and from Turkey.

„Българин по професия. Българин по потекло” (Записки върху идентичността)

Author(s): Mina Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The aim of the article is to provide a possible interpretation of identity in one of the contested border regions on the Balkans well known for the competing politics and interests by the two bordering countries – Bulgaria and Serbia, for the past century. This region is known as „Western Outlands” in the social and political life. The communal memory of the Bulgarian minority in Bosilegrad, Serbia, leads the narration through different historical periods and their respective politics to uncover an identity which has become a survival strategy at the intricate periods. This will reveal a complex picture of the multiple identity levels where the individual and social identity are tightly related and are further shaped by the existing number of internal and external „others.“

Никой не ходи по Луната: носталгия, памет и политически дискурс в Странджа

Author(s): Delyan Lyutskanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The paper explores the links between political magination and social memory in the sphere of everyday discourses. During a seven-week long multi-sited fieldwork in Stranja, a mountain region in the southeast corner of Bulgaria, references and allusions to politics were constantly slipping in humour, various other trivial situations and memories of the past. Using a sociolinguistic framework informed by Mikhail Bakhtin I analyse why and in what ways these utterances have ubiquitously infiltrated speech and argue that they reveal a lot about the non-collective and multidirectional character of memory. I discovered that nostalgic recollection, which in academic literature is often believed to be characteristic of European rural margins, is merely a fragment of a more complex mode of remembrance which poses a challenge to the notion that memory can be collective.

Жертвоприношение, дар и молитва – ритуалът на поднасяне на дарове към планинското божество сред едно тибетско племе в региона Амдо

Author(s): Su Faxiang,Wаng Yuewei / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

Marcel Mauss’ works on the social facts of sacrifice, gift and pray formed the fundamental concepts and theories for anthropological studies about the reciprocity between humans and gods and the contract principal in gift exchange. This paper will focus on a sacrificial ritual to mountain god in a Tibetan tribe and discuss the relations between the three concepts, to illustrate that in this kind of ritual, although sacrificesare nonliving beings rather than animals, the intensity of other steps still stay at asimilar level with classical sacrificial ritual with animal sacrifices; and in the ethics of reciprocal principal, the form of gift exchange in this sacrificial ritual shows obvious „merit“ and „karma“ values which has representativeness in Buddhist societies.

Дарове и гостоприемство

Author(s): Tanya Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

This article discusses the role of gifts and hospitality in Bulgarian peasant tradition in the context of peasant society structure: small and middle size family households organized to overcome difficulties and constraints of an underdeveloped society of „communal capitalism“ where most of the young people could not enter labor market outside villages. Overpopulation results in specific strategies of economic behavior: family members worked to make their households most productive through their efforts, mutual aid between village families in critical moments of agricultural cycle, as well as intensive social interaction in the most important social events in peasant communities: birth, wedding, rites of passage, funerals, calendar customs, rites and holidays, etc. All of them contained gifts exchanges and hospitality that reflect relative social equality and regular exchange of services between families. Most archaic gifts – oral blessings and actions, presented by ritual groups („koledari“, „survakari“, „kukeri“, etc) are directed to positive influence on actual and future fruits of nature and humans health. They are exchanged for material gifts and hospitality. Collective participation in gift exchange and hospitality includes rites aimed to overcome critical moment in the families and villages: long illness or epidemics. All the collective rituals expressed unity against social and natural crises.

Даряването в Сватбите в България от средата на ХХ до началото на ХХІ век

Author(s): Milena Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The article is dedicated to one of the important moments in the wedding custom inBulgaria – the offering. It traces the ways in which since the second half of the 20thcentury the authorities try to influence the traditional forms of offering. The researchshows the differences in offering in the towns and villages and presents the reasonsfor them. It outlines the main trends in the last tree decades in the exchange of giftsbetween the newly-married couple and the guests which are characterized by theintensive penetration of foreign models.

Лиляна Ковачева. „СЪКРОВЕН СВЯТ. Празнично-обредна система на ромите в Средна Западна България“. София: Просвета, 2015

Author(s): Ventsislav Bozhinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

Бернар Лори или за изкуството да се създават извори

Author(s): Bozhidar Aleksiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

СЪВРЕМЕННО РАЗВИТИЕ НА АНТРОПОГЕОГРАФИЯТА

Author(s): Petar Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2015

Anthropogeography is one of major branches in modern geography. Emerged at the end of 19th century in German geography, today it is wide spread in all geographic schools, though with different names: Anthropogeographie/Humangeographie, human geography, geografia humana, geographie humaine, социально-экономическая география, общественная география and so on. A plenty of definitions exists about its research subject: space-man relations, spatial organization of human actions, and spatial organization of society. In anthropology it is a branch dealing with geographic distribution of human beings. Anthropogeography went several periods of development depending on domination of leading paradigms, concepts and approaches. Accordingly an attempt will be made in this study to define the most important paradigms, respectively periods of modern anthropogeography: geodeterministic; spatial-scientific; possibilism; cultural landscape; functional phase; phase of social geography; scientism approach to economic and social geography; phase of behavior and decision making approaches; humanistic geography; qualitative social geography; oriented to action paradigm and so on.

АНТРОПОГЕОГРАФИЯТА, НОВАТА ГЕОГРАФИЯ НА ИКОНОМИКАТА И ПРОСТРАНСТВЕНОТО РАЗВИТИЕ НА СЕЛИЩНАТА МРЕЖА

Author(s): Maria Shishmanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2015

The study draws on contemporary views of anthropogeography and offers some new treatments on its interpretation and development. It presents the basis and superstructure of the new geography of the economy and the related changes in the spatial development of the settlement network and cultural landscapes. These changes form also the regional problems of society. From this perspective, anthropogeography may be deemed to form the regional geography of human society. The study examined the uneven distribution of population on the territory, the reasons for such distribution and its social, economic, demographic and cultural issues in relation to existing geographical environment and resources necessary to carry out policies. Analyzed through this prism anthropogeography is the science of humans forming their economic, social, ecological living environment, which should be managed so as to be sustainable over time and space.

ДРЕВНОТО ЕВРАЗИЙСКО ЕТНИЧЕСКО ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ДОЛЕН ДЕСЕН ДУНАВ КАТО ЕТНОГЕНЕТИЧНА ЗОНА

Author(s): Petar Petrov,Boris Kazakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2015

The article represents an attempt to outline thе areas in Eurasia, where the landscape and environment conditions supposedly were the most optimal for the development of ancient human communities of different ranks, including ancient human civilizations. By analyzing the contemporary natural and climatic conditions, as well as through paleo-landscapei reconstructions of the region of the Danube Valley (Lower Right Danube), a hypothesis of the existence of optimal living conditions for growth of the human population in this part of the Balkans and Europe is proposed, which area therefore is referred to as "ethnogenetic zone”.

ГЕОГРАФСКО РАЗПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ НА ВЪЗРОЖДЕНСКИТЕ АРХИТЕКТУРНО-ЕТНОГРАФСКИ КОМПЛЕКСИ В ПЛАНИНСКИТЕ И ПОЛУПЛАНИНСКИТЕ РАЙОНИ НА БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Maria Grozeva,Nadezhda IlIeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2015

National Revival architectural and ethnographic complexes and sites are an essential part of Bulgarian national culture. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial concentration of the main reserves and complexes of this type in the mountainous and hilly areas of the country. To achieve this aim are used cartographic and comparative geographic method (Arc GIS 92) and historical approach. As a result, a map of these sites is geographically identified cultural and historical localizations and major axes of the monuments of this age. An architectural and historical assessment of their importance for cultural tourism is done.

ЗАШТИТАТА НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ОД ОПАСНОСТИ ВО АНТИКАТА НА ТЕРИТОРИИТЕ НА ОПШТИНИТЕ ШТИП И КАРБИНЦИ

Author(s): Dragan Veselinov / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 23/2024

On the Balkan Peninsula, the crisis moments that were current in antiquity, forced people to organize adequate protection against the risks and dangers of that time. So, they themselves and also their material goods had a certain degree of security. All this was also characteristic of the territories that today include the municipalities of Shtip and Karbinci. Here, the population used various methods and ways in order to provide an adequate response to the security challenges they faced during this historical period.

КЛИМАТ И ВОЙНА, ВОЙНА И КЛИМАТ

Author(s): Vladimir Vlaskov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2024

After almost 77 years of peace, the beginning of the 2022 was marked by the beginning of q new war on the European continent. It began with the use of the standard conventional military arsenal, after which some of the most advanced weapons of this type, technological achievements of the modern military industry, came to use. As a result of the military actions, the development of the word economy was seriously affected, but according to our observations, they also have an impact on the atmospheric circulation and specific climatic conditions. The direction of our research is based on the so-called “reasonable doubt” related to both the possibilities of using electromagnetic weapons (HAARP) and the direct effects of military actions (ecocide) with the release of a significant volume of dust particles into the atmosphere and combustion of huge quantities of gas from Russia.

ПРОЯВИ НА КЛИМАТИЧЕН КОМПЕНСАТОРЕН МЕХАНИЗЪМ В ГОДИШНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕН РЕЖИМ НА ТЕРИТОРИЯТА НА БЪЛГАРИЯ (1993–2022)

Author(s): Vladimir Vlaskov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2024

Changes in the climate, especially in temperatures, are increasingly noticeable, both on the territory of Bulgaria and in the Balkans. They are registered not only in the lowland-plain parts, but also in the mountainous and coastal areas. The focus of the study is the cases of manifestation of a compensatory mechanism in the temperature regime. It is observed in years with a distinct distinct colder or hotter-than-average-static season. The research period covers the last 30 years.

The Effects of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Ethnic Minority Teachers and Students at Lower Secondary Schools in Some Mountainous Provinces in The North of Vietnam

Author(s): Nguyen Thi Minh Thu,Duong Nguyet Van,Tran Thi Nhung / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has turned the lives of people around the globe upside down because of its dangerous nature and speed of spread. The pandemic has forced people to change their outlooks, habits, lifestyles, and working methods to adapt to new contexts. In Vietnam, for the education sector, these strong impacts, on the one hand, created difficulties and challenges; on the other hand, they also created opportunities to adapt to new forms of teaching; and the motivation for teachers and students to have cognitive changes, contributing to the on-going educational innovation process. These effects on teaching in the ethnic minority areas of Vietnam in general and the Northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam, in particular, have become increasingly obvious. In the context of complicated developments of the COVID-19 pandemic, from the research of the teaching situation at the lower secondary level in some mountainous provinces in Northern Vietnam, in this article, the authors will analyse and explain the challenges and adaptations of those working in the education sector in these regions; and draw lessons and practical experiences as a basis for proposing specific and urgent recommendations to deal with the impacts of pandemics and maintain effective teaching for students in these areas.

‘Dirty or Clean – Immoral or Moral’ – Differences in Perception between Two Different Cultures (Finnish Main Population and Roma Minority) – COVID-19 in Finland

Author(s): Kai Viljami Åberg / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

COVID-19 shocked and shook the whole world. Hardly anyone could have predicted a similar pandemic. Romani communities in Europe face a much higher risk of death, as their situation, already marked by extreme racism and poverty, has been worsening in the last decade. Many Roma are not covered by social welfare, and the most vulnerable are informal workers and emigrants. Those in the informal economy are not eligible for aid, while current measures prevent them from earning an income (Asenov, 2022: 1129–1153). Thereby Gypsy, Roma, Travellers, Kaale etc. communities are at higher risk of being infected by COVID-19 and at greater risk of severe outcomes as a result of contracting pandemic. Problems in Roma health care are often caused by cultural perceptions, value and norm systems and beliefs (Alexiadou, 2018: 261–283). In Finland, the problems arising from the healthcare practices of the Romani population are often related to both linguistic and wider cultural differences in relation to the main population. In this paper, I will give a few examples of the inside perspective of the Roma in Finland based on my intensive fieldwork since 1994. I will reflect on the reasons and consequences of living in the middle of two cultures, both linguistically, culturally, and socially causing global health and healthcare to crumble. I ask, why and how COVID-19 gets a different linguistic and cultural significance among the Finnish Roma in relation to the majority population.