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Once the former USSR collapsed, countries like Ukraine have construed their own collective identity aiming to differentiate them from internal and external “others” in a nation building process. New territorial boundaries have been established over the mental ones, founding myths and heroes have been recovered or reinstated. This process looked successful for a while until a census unveiled a center-periphery cleavage formation. Meanwhile, Kiev’s centralizing policy had to face upheaval in the eastern part, and conflict is ongoing. Scholars have speculated mostly over ethnic and historical factors as well as Russia’s active involvement as main reasons for the shift in identity self-referencing of Donbas region’s inhabitants. This paper aims at examining this center-periphery cleavage formation from another standpoint: an internal political struggle between two regional clans that are still controlling the resources and hence hold political power in the so-called Donbas region from Eastern Ukraine. Without minimizing the influence of historical and ethnic factors, we posit that many eastern Ukrainians’ choice for identity self-referencing had shifted when their region started to decrease in terms of economic and political power on the central level. And the Donbas clans losing the central power control over fighting each other is along with historical and ethnic factors one of the main reasons for that.
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This paper presents a guided tour of significant natural and cultural landscapes along the Danube from springs to the sea, including those in Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. A cross view to Serbia is provided. Methods included field work and photographic survey, literature research not only in technical papers but also in works of art. The paper highlights which are the UNESCO World Heritage Sites and which is otherwise the protection status of the landscapes. In conclusion a variety of landscape typologies were analysed and set in the context of the definition of the term.
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The twelve hydrographic regions located in Brazilian territory occupy an area of more than eight million square kilometers. They permeate metropolises and rural areas, forest areas and reserves, are the main source of income for riverside communities, support the livelihood of indigenous peoples, provide water for the agricultural industry or agricultural products, and bring electricity to the homes of millions of Brazilians through the production of hydraulic energy generated through water flows. The river, therefore, has outsize geographical impact, and I also think of the river as a methodology for a geohistory written in the course of its waters, recounting lives and livelihoods, and taking us through a Brazil which is shaped by the banks of its rivers and seas.
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The aim and the content of the contribution is a reflection on the meaning and concept of modern regional geography of Europe and the world as a training course intended for professionals in tourism. A concept that responds to the new needs in the field of sight-seeing tours.It is especially stressed the importance of applied physical geography and modern conceived the socio-economic and historical and cultural geography.Necessary adjustments are made examples of traits and originalit potentials and attractions, tourism in the various regions.
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Interview with Tomáš Kumpan.
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This paper deals with applying of regional biogeography model of climate conditions for vegetation zones in Czechia to doctoral programme Regional Geography in Palacky University Olomouc. The model is based on general knowledge of landscape vegetation zonation. Climate data for model come from predicted validated climate database under RCP8.5 scenario since 2100. Ecological data are included in the Biogeography Register database (geobiocoenological data related to landscape for cadastral areas of the Czech Republic). Mathematical principles of modelling are based on set of software solutions with GIS. Students use the model in the frame of the course “Special Approaches to Landscape Research” not only for regional scenarios climate change impacts in landscape scale, but also for assessment of climate conditions for growing capability of agricultural crops or forest trees under climate change on regional level.
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This certified methodology shows the steps to be taken by contractors and builders of small water reservoirs with a special focus on preserving and archiving cultural value of historic landscape and its evolution. The methodology describes how to find and use defunct relics of historical waterdams in modern constructions (water retention dams), from identification in the landscape, through incorporation into the project documentation of the dam construction, to basic protection during the building process itself. State legislature on historic landscape is also mentioned. Re-utilisation of historic waterdams allows for their conservation for future generations and points at features of the historic dams at risk of destruction, and which need archaeological attention during the construction works (especially the historical drainage outlet). This methodology is praxis driven, as it is actively using knowledge gained through close co-operation with contractors and builders, and reflects their needs during construction.
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The article deals with applying modern methods and related methodical approaches to spatial data and information collection in the research of extinct ponds in selected catchment areas in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. The paper demonstrates an application of modern methods in cabinet and field research using selected examples. The methodical approaches concern mostly the processes of vectorisation and processing of database verification from archive map sources, spatial modelling and applications of lidar data, modelling and applications of RPAS. The results help to complete the missing information within the complex study of landscape development with special respect to water management of the catchment in the past. The acquired facts are the valuable source of data used in studies focusing on the improvement of water management in the current troublesome times.
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The River Nitra is a significant bio corridor in the Hornonitrianska basin. The river is prone to occupation by invasive species due to the disturbances caused by floods and also because a part of the river had been transferred to a new river bed. Geographic information systems tools are necessary to investigate the occurrence and distribution of these species as they help to infer the factors that affect their occurrence. Our contribution includes the results of field mapping of the River Nitra, which was carried out from 2016 to 2017. The study area of the river was divided into segments with a length of 500 m, where the occurrence of invasive species was recorded. Mapping took place within 50 m of the cunette. By using the GIS software, the values obtained were incorporated into the resulting map. Subsequently, we deduced factors which influence the increased occurrence of invasive species in some segments. The results show that a major part of the segments was attacked by at least one invasive species. The predominant species are Helianthus tuberosus and Solidago canadensis.
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Area size information belong among the most basic spatial data attributes. They are not only a part of most geographical studies, but also many documents, conceptions, plans, strategies or activities connected with conservation and protection of the environment. In the most cases, area is computed as 2-D surface without consideration of terrain roughness, which is not equal to reality and this may cause significant distortion of real state. The aim of our study is to compute the real 3-D area using raster analysis on digital terrain model (DTM) and to demonstrate the difference between conventional approaches used. Practical possibilities of use of this approach are demonstrated on the real examples of management of invasive plant species.
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Water content is crucial for the properties of cohesive soils on the foundation surface, as well as for the properties of earthen construction materials at the upper part of a construction. Along with the rising content of water, the load-bearing capacity descends and the deformation power and shrinkage increase. These properties have mostly negative impact on the buildings and they cause a great part of defects on mud constructions. The repairs and reconstructions are possible, however, often costly; therefore high-quality and well-timed maintenance is recommended, which is the best prevention of the defects of mud buildings.
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The article discusses current trends in the global bond market. Particular attention was paid to green bonds. The purpose of the article is to identify the conditions for green bonds issues in the context of changes in the environment and financial market conditions. More than 600 issues of such securities throughout the world were analyzed over the years 2010-2016. The analysis included the issuer's nationality structure, bond’s maturity and yield to maturity, the currency the bonds were denominated in and bond’s risk assessment. We also analyzed changes in NOx and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and energy consumption. Data were obtained from the World Bank and Thomson Reuters’s Eikon databases. Statistical study was supplemented with literature studies of green bonds reports. Using descriptive statistics analysis (arithmetic mean, median, standard deviation) and significance test of differences it has been shown that green bonds are primarily used to finance investments in highly developed countries. This means that their direct impact on the environment is difficult to be identified. Beneficiaries are mainly companies developing new technologies. In turn, issues from poorer regions are also targeted to the developed capital markets to reduce the cost of financing. This means that the “green nature” of these bonds is highly debated, and the environmental aspect seems to be only a lure for investors.
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The present scientific paper builds on previous scientific studies analyzing the determinants of productivity and economic efficiency of agricultural entities and extends knowledge about the area of spatial econometrics at NUTS IV level (at district level) for the reporting period. The paper aimed to assess the development of productivity and economic efficiency of agricultural entities in the reporting period based on synthetic evaluation of selected economic indicators using the methods of cluster analysis and thus to create spatial map according to regional differentiation at NUTS IV level. Based on the analyzes we conclude that the natural and climatic conditions have a dominant influence on achievable productivity and economic efficiency of agricultural entities whilst ensuring the sustainability of economic performance of agriculture in individual regions of Slovakia.
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The article accelerate the relation between local impact or influence of climate change in the region of sustainable tourism. – prepared Joachim Barrande Geopark nearby Prague, capitol of the Czech Republic. Tourism is one of dynamic developed areas and from essential part affect regional development – so the goal of the research is, how and if the change of climate has an impact to safety of touristic attractive area (it means to touristic trails in east Barrandien in background of Prague – Capitol of the Czech Republic). The research is metodicaly based on analysis of texts and mapping sources (they were used touristic and also geologic maps anyway), but especially on field research in site. Many touristic trails are very often visited by daily tourists and it could be higher risk in the Future with highest impact especially by heavy rains and during the hot summer period. In the border of adaptation strategies of area Barrandien is not included any strategy how to protect tourists and how to make safe some problematical localities inside the popular geological area.
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