ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВАТА НА КОРПОРАТИВНОТО УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

Instead of a short abstract, please refer to the PDF-files of the introduction to the book (where are the abstracts of the articles), its table of content and the sample-PDF which, each of them, you can download for free from here. We hope you'll get through this files a more comprehensive impression about the book than would be provided by just a few lines of an abstract / summary.

Mathematical Models in Economics

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Mathematical Models in Economics - has been put together with the purpose of giving an example of the possibilities to use specific modern methods (optimal control, neural networks, data envelopment analysis, wave equations, dynamical systems) that can be put into application on a very large scale, in numerous key-areas of the field of economics. Various analysis regarding the static case are made for a more profound understanding of the correlations that arise between different variables in micro and macroeconomics, and they are made as well taking into account the dynamic case, which brings this paper even closer to reality. Furthermore, another subject rendered by the book is that of economic mechanisms from a stochastic point of view (this is especially explained in the chapters regarding the game theory) which prove once more the random character of economic variables. From the multitude of mathematical models regarding the dynamic of different economic variables, this book includes: allocation models, regional growth, dynamic models of the cycle of commerce, others models concerning the crisis of the Euro zone, decision making models or advertising models. While some may be thoroughly analyzed, others reflect only a summarized matter of the problem.

The Prospect of Deep Free Trade between the European Union and Ukraine

Author(s): Michael Emerson,T. Huw Edwards,Ildar Gazizullin,Matthias Lücke,Daniel Müller-Jentsch,Vira Nanivska,Valeriy Pyatnitskiy,Andreas Schneider,Rainer Schweickert,Oleksandr Shevtsov,Olga Shumylo-Tapiola / Language(s): English

Report prepared in fulfilment of contract 2005/S 89-085795 of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Trade on the economic feasibility, general economic impact and implications of a free trade agreement between the European Union and Ukraine.

Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Managerial Decision Making

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Intelligent decision support using advanced decision technologies are becoming increasingly important in management. Data warehouses and data mining can be used to store and analyze product, inventory, and sales information. Simulation and optimization,which can be found in advanced planning and scheduling systems, can be employed for inventory, production, procurement, and distribution planning. Intelligent agents can e.g.communicate with different partners in the supply chain, assist in collecting information,share product information, negotiate prices, and distribute alerts throughout the logistics networks. Thus, the goal of this book was to encourage the exchange of new ideas about intelligent decision support systems and to promote their use in the organizations'decision making processes. The emphasis was also being placed on emerging needs related to distributed and remote decision which could be supported through the web.New thoughts and new ideas for enhancing decision making through the use of web technologies and the World Wide Web was especially welcomed.This book is an effort to present the path-breaking concept of intelligent decisions and discusses a few applications that demonstrate the need and importance of using advanced decision technologies for decision-making process. The book is divided into five broad chapters...The first chapter “Managerial Decision Making Using Cluster Analysis Methods” by F. Hunka discusses about cluster analysis methods used for classification when nearly nothing is known about the internal structure of the explored data in decision making process. The structure of this chapter is as follows: a part is devoted to short description of cluster analysis with the focus on utilized methods and approaches and then is summarized requirements on the programming system mainly concerning object oriented paradigm. Next part presents the essence of decision making model and also an architectural structure of the model is described. The experimental verification of the model is a content of last part. Results and discussion of the problem is summarized in the end.The second chapter “Intelligent Software Agents for Data Analysis in Knowledge based Systems” by L. Stefănescu and C.I. Popîrlan provides an overview of the state of research into knowledge-based systems and intelligent software agents and the problems associated with it. Subsequently, it outlines the reasons behind theories in using of multi agent model for large knowledge-based systems and shows us the benefices for data analysis in a large contact center. It also focuses on the presentation of multi-agent approach using JADE for data analysis in knowledge-based systems, in context of contact centers. Finally, it highlights how contact centers become more complex in their function and organization so that the data analysis becomes more important to ensure consistency and efficiency.The third chapter “Decision-Making in the Context of E-Commerce Systems” by P. Suchánek, D. Vymětal and R. Bucki explains the power of electronic commerce as tool for implementing business activities. In its first part it is describes the structure of ecommercesystem and its management system, the methods of e-commerce systems modeling based on process oriented, value-chain oriented and multi-agent system oriented approaches. The second part focuses on e-commerce systems simulations as a decision-making support and the main attention is devoted to definition of production function, equations of state and heuristic management of the production process, all indirect relation to the implementation of simulation system.The fourth chapter “Exploiting Fuzzy Cognitive Maps in Resiliency related Management Decisions” by D. Ward and P. Trucco throws light on the factors that force modern organizations and their management to encompass complex socio-technical economical systems, risk management, crisis management and expert judgment in multi actor and multi-criteria fuzzy decision making circumstances. The sum of these factors provides the ideal playing field for fuzzy logic theory and fuzzy cognitive mappinge specially in the contexts of management decisions and business continuity management. The authors set out to provide an introduction to fuzzy cognitive maps,explaining the features of them. It further discusses the relative appropriateness to the two case studies. The first case study looks at operational resilience (analysis and allocation) in multi-actor and multi-criteria, collaborative environments. The second case study examines at operational resilience and business continuity management in key resource supply chains, which are now a key feature of modern enterprises and their globalized markets.The last chapter “Fuzzy Logic supported by ICT in Managerial Decision-Making”by P.Wolf speaks about the changes in the paradigms of managerial thinking, complexity of problems needed to be solved, issues that deals with the growing system complexity of task, rate of uncertainty and risks of entrepreneurial activities. Further, applications of fuzzy sets in decision-making process are discuses with the scope to set a strategic goal that should be reached using a model situation of setting a strategy of long-term financing of an advertising campaign depending on the market saturation extent and limited amount of finances designed for the advertising campaign of the particular product.Finally, it concludes by highlighting the possibility to make general rules for dealing with particular situations that may occur, solved in most cases by particular case weighed methodology.In general this book intends to be of great value to various interest groups including academics, researchers, and practitioners engaged in management organization at various strategic levels and whole field of decision making process.

Problemy zatrudnienia w organizacjach

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish

Предизвикателства пред аграрния бизнес и селските райони

Author(s): Agnieszka Wrzochalska,Petropoulos Dimitrios,Claudia Sandulescu,Aleš Kuhar,Hristina Harizanova-Bartos,Ani Dimitrova,Bozhidar Ivanov,Vasil Stoychev,Violeta Blazheva,Vladimir Dimitrov,Yulia Dzhabarova,Daniela Dimitrova,Milen Vlaev,Ivelina Zhecheva-Radeva,Svilen Kolev,Rositza Nenova,Pavel Sheytanov,Teodora Semerdjieva,Anton Blagoev,Yulia Dojchinova,Kristina Todorova,Ralitsa Terziyska,Nelly Bencheva,Teodora Stoycheva Stoeva,Rayna Dimitrova,Mariya Stanimirova,Yuri Zarev,Nataliya Nedelcheva,Albena Miteva,Atanas Totliakov,Angelina Peicheva,Gergana Slavova,Atanas Totlyakov,Ralitsa Terziyska,Georgi Aleksiev,Kostantin Stankov,Konstantin Stoyanov,Dora Doncheva,Silvia Tomova-Zaharieva,Mihail Kozhuharov,Nikoleta Tsarigradska,Darina Zaimova,George Zheliazkov,Kristina Todorova,Petar Marinov,Mihaela Mihaylova,Pavlina Ivanova,Petia Branzova,Milkana Mochurova,Maria Kotseva-Tikova,Mariya Topchieva,Monika Kabadzhova,Hristo Petrov,Anton Krastev,Tatiana Gevrenova,Lyubomir Levicharov,Iva Kostova,Ruslan Kolarov / Language(s): Bulgarian

The current proceedings includes research results in the field of rural development and competitive agrobusiness development. It presents experienced and young scientists from Poland, Slovenia, Greece, Macedonia and Romania, working at the University of Ljubljana, the Institute of Agrarian and Food Economics in Warsaw and the Technological Educational Institution of Peloponnese Kalamata.

Настояще и бъдеще на справедливата стойност

Author(s): Iva Moneva / Language(s): Bulgarian

Based mainly on the requirements of International Accounting Standards (IAS), International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and International Valuation Standards (IVS), the practical and theoretical researches, the comments, the analyzes of the financial statements has been attempted to examine and analyze the position of the fair value measurement and to identify the problems before it. The main purpose of the research is to examine the essence, place, meaning, and regulation in the accounting - legal and professional - valuation aspects of the fair value measurement. In other words, the complex, but especially topical, issues of fair value are discussed.

Справедливата стойност при представяне на активите във финансовите отчети на предприятията

Author(s): Iva Moneva / Language(s): Bulgarian

The book is oriented to the specific aspects of the fundamental and theoretical issues, current legislation, issues and empirical research on the use of the fair value of the assets in the financial statements of the enterprises through the focus of the International Accounting Standards (IAS). The current trends in the use of fair value based on a retrospective analysis were outlined. The possibilities of the use of the fair value measurement of the assets in the financial statements of the enterprises were explored. The empirical research of the actual condition of the use of the fair value of the assets in the financial statements of the index BG 40 of the Bulgarian Stock Exchange, with the exception of credit institutions, emissions as of 19.03.2012, were carried out.

Regionalne porty lotnicze w Polsce - charakterystyka i tendencje rozwojowe

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Monografia przygotowana przez zespół pod kierunkiem Marka Rekowskiego stanowi wielowątkowe studium w zakresie funkcjonowania i rozwoju regionalnych portów lotniczych w Polsce na tle szerszej analizy rynku lotniczego. Książka dotyczy najszybciej na świecie rozwijającej się gałęzi transportu, która jest czynnikiem przyspieszającym procesy globalizacji światowej gospodarki, postęp techniczny i technologiczny oraz wyrównującym szanse rozwoju gospodarczego i cywilizacyjnego państw, regionów i kontynentów. Publikacja zainteresuje środowisko naukowe zajmujące się rynkiem lotniczym i studentów kształcących się w tym kierunku, a także praktyków i animatorów rozwoju rynku lotniczego w Polsce w czasach wzmożonej konkurencji i zjawisk kryzysowych w otoczeniu sektora lotniczego.

Konwergencja obszarów komunikowania wewnętrznego. Ujęcie teoretyczne i empiryczne

Author(s): Jacek Trębecki / Language(s): Polish

Pierwsza, teoretyczna część pracy omawia podstawowe podejścia do komunikowania wewnętrznego realizowane w ramach zarządzania, HR, marketingu i public relations. W części tej przedstawiono również klasyfikację narzędzi komunikowania wewnętrznego, w tym autorski projekt taksonomii narzędzi i wprowadzenie oryginalnego miernika, którym jest indeks otwartości komunikacyjnej narzędzi. Druga część ma charakter empiryczny i opisuje metodologię oraz wyniki prowadzonych badań. Inspiracją takiego podziału było założenie amerykańskich teoretyków, m.in. Jamesa E. Gruniga, że funkcje nauk o komunikowaniu mogą mieć charakter normatywny, tzn. opisujący wzorcowe modele często z założeniem, że do takiego wzorcowego modelu powinno się dążyć, oraz deskryptywny, mówiący o tym, jakie komunikowanie jest w rzeczywistości. Część teoretyczna książki zbliżona jest do podejścia normatywnego, część empiryczna - do deskryptywnego. Praca ma charakter interdyscyplinarny, obejmujący takie obszary ekonomii, jak zarządzanie, marketing, zarządzanie kadrami oraz public relations. W rozważaniach na temat komunikowania praca obejmuje również obszary innych nauk społecznych, przede wszystkim psychologii i socjologii. Jeśli chodzi o zakres czasowy, ze względu na dużą dynamikę zmian, zwłaszcza związanych z intensywnym wprowadzeniem tzw. nowych mediów - zaawansowanych aplikacji www, wykorzystaniem mediów społecznościowych, blogów i list dyskusyjnych, autor zawęził zakres badań do ostatnich trzech lat. Ponieważ praca opisuje dynamicznie rozwijające się media elektroniczne, których ewolucja, kierunki rozwoju i trendy są trudne do przewidzenia, autor nie wyklucza, że część pracy, zwłaszcza dotycząca tych mediów, może być już w chwili publikacji nieaktualna. Niemniej na poziomie aplikacyjnym opis podstawowych narzędzi i procedur, wychwycone ogólne tendencje i weryfikacja postawionych hipotez powinny stanowić trwałą wartość w rozwoju komunikowania wewnętrznego. Na poziomie teoretycznym praca jest głosem w dyskusji na temat kształtu ekonomii, podkreślającym wartość podejścia interdyscyplinarnego, otwartego na łączenie różnych obszarów i formowanie nowych zależności.

Döntéselmélet közgazdászoknak

Author(s): Júlia Salamon,Zoltán Makó / Language(s): Hungarian

Mathematical models of economy are decision models which help leaders to prepare their decision making in the macro- and microlevels of economics. The leaders’ aim is to choose the most convenient strategies in the course of decision making. The operational research and decision theory deal with the selection of these strategies. Based on many years’ educational experience, the economist students’ greatest difficulty in understanding the discipline of operational research is the transcription of the text-mode formulated economic problem to a solvable mathematical model.Mathematical models of economy are decision models which help leaders to prepare their decision making in the macro- and microlevels of economics. The leaders’ aim is to choose the most convenient strategies in the course of decision making. The operational research and decision theory deal with the selection of these strategies. Based on many years’ educational experience, the economist students’ greatest difficulty in understanding the discipline of operational research is the transcription of the text-mode formulated economic problem to a solvable mathematical model.In order to develop the mathematical model construction to skill level, one has to solve a large number of problems. Accordingly, the main objective of this book is to practise the inscription of the mathematical model of the economic problems and to help the understanding of the economicmeanings of the parameters. The WinQSB (QSB – Quantitative Systems for business) software package and the Excel table calculation program are used to calculate the mathematical model’s numerical solution.

Państwo wobec grup dominujących w gospodarce – perspektywa instytucjonalnej ekonomii politycznej

Author(s): Anna Ząbkowicz / Language(s): English

The book dwells on views and cognitive apparatus worked out in this strand of social thought where collective action and particular groups interests carry weight. It claims that such theorizing leads to the substance of economic activities in our surroundings more certainly than methodological individualism does. In most compact way, the contents of this book can be characterized by referring to a couple of research perspectives, and the scope of its theoretical background can be marked by several great researchers‘ names. Firstly, deeper understanding of economic performance, as Douglas C. North and his followers argue, requires consideration of economic activities as well as polity, where property rights and incentives structure are determined. Secondly, public and economic policies can not be regarded to be exclusively government’s domain, being to some extent the outcome of activities of organized interests and group interest representations. As Wolfgang Streeck put it, “capitalism is under renegotiation”. The contemporary democratic polity sees representations of labour interests, non-governmental organizations, etc. However, as John K. Galbraith points out in some of his works, the axis of renegotiation in capitalism has been constituted by relations between contemporary state and organized groups of mighty enterprises, “corporations”. These business groups (“business” in broad sense), apart of winning profits, can influence economic outcomes. The latter means economic power. Profit-oriented groupings or “corporations”, according to Susan Strange, exert impact simply because of weight and position they have in economic structure either intentionally, via their organizations and lobbyists in the polity. That’s why they penetrate society as a whole, not economic economic activities alone. In result, contract relations and respect for financial surplus overcome social relations. Argumentation thus oriented is backed by description of real processes. The corresponding parts of the book contain short studies on financialization, narrow interest representations and contemporary transformation of democratic welfare state which is a debt state in fact. Old theories inspire understanding of new configurations.

Kształtowanie elastyczności finansowej przedsiębiorstwa. Perspektywa innowacyjności przemysłowych spółek publicznych

Author(s): Józefa Gryko / Language(s): Polish

Tematem książki jest elastyczność finansowa w dwóch formach: elastyczności gotówkowej i elastyczności zadłużeniowej. Autorka bada ich wzajemne relacje oraz czynniki wpływające na elastyczność finansową w przedsiębiorstwach. Łączy podejście teoretyczne i empiryczne. Przeprowadzone przez nią badania pozwalają określić wpływ poszczególnych cech przedsiębiorstwa na jego elastyczność finansową. Autorka podejmuje udaną próbę sprecyzowania warunków prawno-finansowych, w których elastyczność finansowa jest kształtowana w określony sposób. Uwzględniono następujące warunki: niepewność otoczenia, ograniczenia finansowe, możliwość rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa, jego zyskowność i wydajność gotówkową oraz poziom ochrony inwestorów na rynku finansowym.

Źródła i instrumenty finansowego wsparcia przedsiębiorstw społecznych

Author(s): Paweł Mikołajczak / Language(s): Polish

Pionierska monografia z zakresu teorii finansowania przedsiębiorstw społecznych, zawierająca również wnioski praktyczne i zalecenia dla kadry kierowniczej przedsiębiorstw społecznych. Łączy perspektywę polską z europejską i globalną. Publikacja ma na celu identyfikację dotychczasowych i przewidywanych źródeł oraz instrumentów zasilania kapitałowego przedsiębiorstw społecznych stanowiących podstawową determinantę rozwoju ich potencjału ekonomiczno-społecznego. Autor rozważa typologię przedsiębiorstw społecznych, bogactwo form ich działalności, różnorodności zasad i instrumentów finansowania. Przedstawia też doświadczenia innych krajów w zakresie wspierania przedsiębiorstw społecznych. Wypracowuje własną koncepcję struktury organizacyjnej procesu emisji obligacji wpływu społecznego (SIB) i model cyklu obiegu kapitału na rynku obligacji wpływu społecznego. Podstawą są tu przeprowadzone przez autora badania empiryczne.

Uwarunkowania skuteczności badań marketingowych

Author(s): Piotr Tarka / Language(s): Polish

Prezentowana praca odwołuje się do założeń teorii organizacji i zarządzania, a pośrednio dotyczy teorii marketingu i metodologii badań marketingowych. Przedmiotem rozważań autora były uwarunkowania organizacyjno-metodologiczne oraz efekty badań, w tym także metodyczne aspekty pomiaru skuteczności badań marketingowych w firmach. Główny cel rozprawy to identyfikacja i klasyfikacja kategorii uwarunkowań postulowanego modelu skuteczności badań marketingowych w ujęciu teoretycznym, a następnie konstrukcja empiryczno-operacyjnego modelu pomiarowego i przeprowadzenie analitycznej diagnozy uwarunkowań (w tym wyjaśnienie związków pomiędzy czynnikami i efektami badań wraz ze wskazaniem kluczowych determinant) skuteczności badań marketingowych w firmach w sferze organizacyjnej i metodologicznej. Na strukturę rozprawy składają się dwie główne części, z których pierwsza (rozdział 1) to rozważania o charakterze teoretycznym, wyjaśniającym i koncepcyjnym. Wiele kwestii terminologicznych związanych z problematyką skuteczności badań omówiono właśnie w tym rozdziale; jego treść nawiązuje do zagadnień najważniejszych z punktu widzenia podjętego problemu badawczego. Drugą część rozprawy (rozdziały 2, 3 i 4) stanowią głównie empiryczno-analityczne podstawy umożliwiające weryfikację problemów badawczych i hipotez stawianych w świetle postulowanego modelu konceptualnego skuteczności badań marketingowych. W tej części przedstawiono jednocześnie model operacyjny i metodologię prowadzonych badań empirycznych, zawarto też analizę wyników badań empirycznych oraz uwzględniono uogólniające wnioski, których opis kontynuowany jest w zakończeniu. Podsumowując, pierwsza część pracy przedstawia kluczowe założenia teoretyczne dotyczące istoty, funkcji i procesów badań marketingowych oraz zagadnienia nawiązujące do znaczenia skuteczności badań marketingowych w firmach. Ponadto zawiera ona autorską refleksję nad określonymi uwarunkowaniami skuteczności badań marketingowych. Druga część książki przedstawia wyniki badań empirycznych, na podstawie których zdiagnozowano problem skuteczności badań marketingowych w firmach. Do najważniejszych rezultatów pracy należy zaliczyć: skupienie uwagi na słabo ustrukturalizowanej i opisanej w literaturze krajowej i zagranicznej problematyce skuteczności badań marketingowych; zidentyfikowanie, klasyfikację, systematyzację uwarunkowań organizacyjno-metodologicznych i efektów badawczych; wskazanie najważniejszych determinant owej skuteczności; zaproponowanie i opracowanie modelu i metody pomiaru skuteczności badań marketingowych oraz diagnozę związków występujących pomiędzy poszczególnymi uwarunkowaniami i efektami skuteczności badań marketingowych na gruncie statystycznych analiz i zastosowanych modeli równań strukturalnych (SEM).

Rozwój gospodarczy i społeczny republik Kaukazu Południowego

Author(s): Natasza Duraj / Language(s): Polish

The main goal of the monograph is to present the issues related to the economic and social development of the South Caucasus against the background of events that took place primarily in the Russian state, as well as the issues of shaping economic relations between Russia and the area of Transcaucasia.

Guidelines for Econometrics and Applications: Emphasis on Tourism and Financial Economics

Author(s): Tanattrin Bunnag / Language(s): Estonian

In this Part I, there are 7 chapters which focus lies in comprehending the essence of econometrics, ranging from its fundamental principles to its more sophisticated facets. The overarching aim is to equip readers with the understanding needed to effectively apply econometric techniques for prediction and analysis. Through this comprehensive journey, readers will gain the necessary knowledge to harness econometrics as a powerful tool for making informed predictions and conducting thorough analyses. Part II will be the application of principles and tools in econometrics. The problem with using econometric tools is that we have learned the principles but have yet to be able to apply them in practice for further research that needs to be studied or solved. Therefore, in this section, the author brings together peer-reviewed research to apply to the actual situation in terms of tourism, which is the case in Thailand, and finance and investment, which is linked to foreign markets. The results obtained can be used for practical purposes. They can provide policy recommendations to the government or relevant agencies. We apply the econometrics tools to tourism and financial economics because the service sector and its operational efficiency are increasingly crucial in GDP creation and volatility generation in economic development. Efficient and growth-generating management of such vital elements of the service sector as tourism, financial instruments, and petroleum and other futures markets; must be balanced against concern for both stability (reductions in temporally predictable extreme fluctuations) and self-immunization against the vagaries of external natural, financial, petroleum-based. As service-sector markets are frequently co-integrated, it is also vital to determine whether an investment in one can offset downside risk in the others.

Пространствено и транспортно моделиране в градска среда на ниво община (по примера на община Стара Загора)

Author(s): Christina Nikolova,Kamen Petrov,Nikolay Tsonkov,Ivelina Zhecheva-Radeva,Hristo Grozdanov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Globally, the transport sector is in a period of significant changes associated with using new technologies, products, and services that contribute to a change in customer attitudes and requirements. All this is causing a rapid development of the market for services providing so-called 'smart mobility'. In this context, users of services related to the transport sector and all other stakeholders need to take account of changes in mobility within a global and integrated system. The concept of mobility as a service facilitates the development of a profitable market for a new type of transport service. Renewed opportunities for the traditional transport and infrastructure sector are part of the concept of innovative services and cooperation in transport. The Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept integrates different modes of transport into a single journey. It combines the capabilities of different modes of transport and transport operators to provide a public transport service scheduled as a journey for which a public price is paid. The development of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans offers various measures to stimulate and support local, regional, and national authorities in achieving sustainable urban mobility objectives, including meeting the mobility needs of people and businesses in and around cities to ensure urban accessibility and a better quality of life. The main objective of the present study is to propose options for optimization of the public urban transport scheme and measures for improvement of the tariff policy through the analysis of strategic documents, spatial development, and the state of urban transport in Stara Zagora municipality. In this sense, the optimization of the transport scheme and the conceptualization of the tariff policy as a tool for achieving sustainable urban mobility are linked to the analysis of the existing transport scheme and policy, and subsequently define and analyze proposals for the introduction of new tariff products for travel by public transport, which would contribute to increasing the demand for public passenger transport in cities and assess their impact in terms of transport volumes, passenger flow and estimated revenues from sales of the relevant tariff documents. It should be borne in mind that the accuracy and correctness of forecasts based on such studies are not always high. This conclusion is confirmed by several studies carried out in France and the UK, as well as by studies on the discrepancies between forecasts and actual ridership figures for many urban mobility plans implemented worldwide. Significant variances do occur, and these are mainly related to methodological problems, poor quality data, changes in consumer behavior, unaccounted-for externalities, force majeure (e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic situation, unforeseen changes in fuel prices, etc.), unforeseen political factors, variances in consultants' estimates, variances in investment cost estimates, etc. Furthermore, when forecasts must be made over a long-term period, and within that timeframe many of the external factors that are included in the models (such as fuel prices, traffic growth, and political conditions) can change significantly. Demand for public passenger transport is determined based on potential passengers who travel and will continue to travel by public transport, as well as those who state their willingness to use public transport under certain conditions and will be allocated to modes by the requirements for optimizing transport costs, travel times and the quality of services. An important factor influencing the change in passenger demand in recent years has been the development and implementation of electronic charging systems. However, the effect of these developments is not always related to optimizing journeys and generating higher revenues from ticket sales. In many cases, their results are relevant to changing the volume and characteristics of transport services demanded. For example: transport operators could use these systems to improve the quality of transport services and optimize their prices; the use of mobile applications and the Internet enables customers to reduce the number of journeys and optimize their consumer transport costs, etc. The citizens of Stara Zagora municipality define the state and development of urban transport as an essential indicator of socio-economic well-being and development. In addition, urban transport is also facing several trends, such as increased traffic and congestion, dirty air, noise, and other problems identified by the municipality's residents. In addition: the deteriorated state of road infrastructure, the lack of sufficient parking spaces, the unattractiveness of public transport, and poor-quality repairs hurt the provision of a quality transport service. Finding a solution to slow travel in the city can be achieved through the priority development of public electric transport, cycling, and micro-mobility.

In Search of a Legal Model of Self-Employment in Poland. A Comparative Legal Analysis Part II

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This monograph is the result of the work of scholars from various European countries who joined the research project funded by the National Science Centre and led by Tomasz Duraj, titled “In Search of a Legal Model of Self-Employment in Poland. A Comparative Legal Analysis”.The chief research objective tackled by the project participants consisted in a complex legal ana lysis of self-employment – not only from the perspective of Polish regulations and case law, but also with regard to solutions existing in international law, European Union law, and selected European countries. The area of study covered the legal systems of the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Spain, France, ltaly, Hungary, as well as Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Research design was rather innovative. To date, no large-scale research had been conducted into the legal environment as it pertains to self-employment, encompassing not only the Polish regulations and case law, but also the solutions adopted in international law, European Union law, and the laws of selected European countries. The inclusion of the regulations on self-employment in other countries, processed to fit within in the framework of a structured study, provides added value for Polish legal scholarship.This monograph contains an analysis of self-employment under the law of the Baltic States and under Polish law. The concluding chapter presents the final results of the research carried out as part of the research project. On their basis, an attempt was made to create an optimal legal model of self-employment in Poland. The comments as to the potential future regulatory approaches are designed to help the Polish legislator draft a new law on the legal status of self-employed workers, in order to systematically and comprehensively regulate the key aspects of self-employed work, with particular emphasis on the social protection of the workers. Its implementation will contribute to resolving a number of disputes and clarifying a number of doubts that currently exist in legal scholarship and in case law.The proposed optimal legal model of self-employment in Poland outlined in this monograph has a universal dimension, going much beyond self-employment as such. The research results suggest certain conclusions that offer a springboard for a broader discussion about the future of labour law. They encourage reflection on the need and legitimacy of expanding the applicability of protective regulations of labour law, with a view to bringing under their umbrella various new groups of workers who provide work, independently, outside the employment relationship (in particular under conditions of dependence on the client). The scope of this protection and manner of its differentiation require further critical reflection and development.The monograph is primarily addressed to legal academics, students, legislators, judges and representatives of other legal professions, social partners, practitioners and other circles interested in the issue of atypical forms of employment.

Portfel wierzytelności niebankowych. Rynek, metody i determinanty wyceny

Author(s): Mateusz Mikutowski / Language(s): Polish

Książka przedstawia dogłębną analizę szybko rozwijającego się rynku wierzytelności niebankowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich wyceny. Autor – korzystając z bogatego doświadczenia praktycznego związanego z realizacją projektów w zakresie wyceny portfeli wierzytelności, projektów transakcyjnych na rynku wierzytelności, restrukturyzacją przedsiębiorstw finansowych i modelowaniem finansowym – analizuje wpływ determinant biznesowych na proces wyceny portfeli wierzytelności. Zaprezentowane algorytmy i procedury umożliwiają precyzyjne szacowanie ich wartości i mogą być wykorzystane w działalności inwestycyjnej oraz obrocie rynkowym. Pozycja jest kierowana do specjalistów zajmujących się rynkiem finansowym, pracowników działów analitycznych firm windykacyjnych, a także naukowców i studentów szczególnie zainteresowanych tematyką wyceny aktywów.