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Cultural Globalization in the Context of International Business

Author(s): Monica Cojocaru / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2011

Beyond locating meanings of globalization, and their connection to those of culture and cultural environment of international affairs, in this paper we propose to analyze the significance of this connection as the main motivation for research. Initially, the primary theory of international economic relations has denied aspects of the influence of culture in profit in the international trade. Classical doctrine of international trade theory based on Ricardo explain on a purely commercial gain related strictly to the traditional factors of production. Subsequently, globalization has changed the equation by introducing new variables in international trade. In the current stage of development, companies are increasingly global, while the consumer remains or cultural features distinguishing it emphasizes the international market. The essential question here goes: How do we do global sell to an individual consumer? What role do knowledge and respecting individual cultural or national? The answer is based on the special attention paid to the local consumers of products and services according to the particular consumer experience.

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National Bank of Romania Management in Time of Financial Crisis

Author(s): Ioana Florentina Savu / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2011

According to the objectives pursued in preparing Romania's accession to the European Union (E.U), the National Bank of Romania (N.B.R.) acted in line with Romania's constant efforts aiming to adapt - institutionally, structurally and operationally - the Romanian economy to the E.U. requirements. The E.U. requirements on financial crisis management ask for an agreement of co-operation between all national financial supervisors, central bank and finance ministry. The current financial and economic crisis started at the end of 2008 and appears to be unprecedented in the last century. For 2009, N.B.R. tried to stay consequent in its economic growth projection bringing the following arguments: • lower ratio of exports to Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.); • lower level of financial intermediation; • the fact that Romania has a nearly balanced energy balance; • exchange rate flexibility; • large volume of structural funds which may be attracted to Romania.

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The Influence of Societal Values on Organizational Culture at Company Level–the Romanian Case

Author(s): Mihai Ovidiu Cercel / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

The present study aims to analyze the influence of societal values in modelling the organizational culture at company level. Studies conducted by different researchers highlighted the differences of perception between peoples’ values in their society in relation with the values of their colleagues of different nationalities. Finally, these values influence the importance that people grants to work, leisure, family and social status. The purpose of this paper is to draw the highlights of a new instrument for assessing the organizational culture at company level, a tool better adapted to the Romanian business and social environment, by measuring simultaneously the cultural values rooted from society values and behaviours and the cultural dimensions at company level. The assessment instrument has to be able to determine the employee’s societal values and the organizational culture of the company providing the link between those behaviours and attitudes which increase the social and economic performance of the organization and those that demotivate the Romanian employees.

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The Implications of Information and Communication Technology and of Emotional Intelligence within Organizations

Author(s): Aurelia Stanescu,Florea Pîrvu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

Lately people say more and more about emotional intelligence, about knowledge based economy, about intangible assets and intellectual capital. The permanent improvement of the knowledge supply will be decisive for reaching the success. But only the creation of the networks of knowledge dissemination will not automatically generate the intended results. Organizational change represents one of the most interesting themes concerning organizational behavior analysis, and approaching this topic implies discussing the transformations that are taking place in society, or, specifically, in organizations. Another topic worth treating is the aspect of emotional intelligence, so necessary for individual success, but also for the organizational one.

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Swedish Labour Market Characteristics and Implications on the Organizational Management. Lessons for Romania

Author(s): Mirela Ionela Aceleanu,Alina Ștefania Chenic Crețu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

The purpose of this paper is to present some aspects of the Swedish labour market, both nationally and at the organizational level. The paper begins with the analysis of some characteristics of the Swedish labour market and then shows the differences in organizational management at the level of the companies in Romania and Sweden. Based on this analysis we can identify some measures to improve employment policies and management techniques at the organizational level in Romania. It is an illusion to believe that a country can successfully copy the formula of another, but learning from other countries' experience is essential in achieving an effective mix of economic policies to improve the economic and social results.

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Management of Health System for Ethnic Minorities

Author(s): Cristina Teodora Neagu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2011

The concept of ethnic minority refers to a different ethnic group, living in a residential country, with a different birth place and ethnic membership, different language, religion and citizenship, and different culture. This concept establishes as different a certain group, as well as in number and in socio-economic status; the members of this group are practicing cultural values and standards different from the majority’s culture and often they have a different native language. This paper presents some important ideas regarding the peculiarities of Romanian health systems for ethnic minorities.

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Developing Partnership between National Bank of Romania and Universities

Author(s): Ioana Florentina Savu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2011

Since May 2009, National Bank of Romania (N.B.R.) initiated an educational project under the name „Open days for economists students”. The main objective of the project is improving knowledge and understanding, in the academic area, of the central bank activity, the role, functions and implications of its decisions in the Romanian economy, thereby creating and strengthening channels of communication needed to ensure adequate financial education. The specific objectives of the operation aiming knowledge aspects of the European System of Central Banks, of the basics about the objectives and role of N.B.R in the Romanian economy, the strategy, the monetary policy and financial stability mechanisms. The target audience consists of students of economic faculties of major universities, school teachers and students of doctoral universities. In 2010, the project has developed in a new format, which took into account the experience gained, the signals received from participating students and teachers involved in running the pilot project initiated in 2009. The new format will be presented in the following article.

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Premises for Success of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in Romania and the Students’ Perspectives

Author(s): Cătălina Radu,Alexandrina Deaconu,Ramona Ştefania Puia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming an ever more important component in the interaction between the business environment and the world in which companies operate. The term attracts interest from both people who apply it in their day-to-day activities and, also, from the academic field which is involved in its study, in order to help create future responsible managers. In order to familiarize ourselves with the current situation, we decided to determine the perception level students had in relation to this concept, not forgetting the fact that they might be employed in companies operating in this specific field and, also, that all of them are members of the community where these organizations function. Our study is based on the interpretation of a series of results extracted from a survey conducted by applying a questionnaire by using the online platform SurveyConsole. The study revealed numerous aspects previously deducted from our own observations, but there were also quite a few unexpected conclusions.

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Analysis of Organizational Cultural Profile Gaps Using a Cultural Intelligence Web-Based Tool

Author(s): Alexandru Căpăţînă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

The performances of the companies involved in the globalization process are conditioned by their managers’ abilities to understand the cultural differences of their stakeholders, to assess the cultural profiles of their business partners and to promote the cultural synergy. Our paper emphasizes the results of a survey that we undertook in the field of Cultural Intelligence (CQ), by analyzing two cultural profiles from a Romanian company and a Tunisian one, using a CQ web-based platform. The answers provided by a sample of employees of each company were processed by the means of the CQ platform facilities. The cultural profiles assessment reveals the cultural gaps between two companies involved in the same type of activities but belonging to different countries and implicitly cultures.

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Comparative Approach between “Organizational Life Cycle” and “Rational Biological Model”

Author(s): George Moldoveanu,Ion Gh. Roşca / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2010

This paper proposes an analogy between rational biological model and the organizations’ development during their existence. So, organizations’ "birth" or creation are considered the result of genetic algorithms, transformations are identified with changes that aim the adapting to the environment, and finally the ”death” treats the state of crisis and bankruptcy. In every stage of life there are proposals to increase it, by extension of states identified in the human area and not taken into account in the artificial one, which must learn from the first system, which we consider superior in the process of evolution. Although the authors’ approaches, do not build operational models to support the thesis presented, ask questions and focus on elements of management philosophy that "tomorrow" will certainly be resolved.

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International Management Accounting Standards Promote Business Growth

Author(s): Jenõ Beke / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2010

This paper traces the benefits of international management accounting information systems and their contribution to standardization and harmonization in business practice. In this review, the goal is to describe and summarize how the management accounting standards promote management decisions and influence the business environment in a global scale. It is expected that the unified, standardized accounting information system will lead to new types of analysis and data, furthermore with the possible integration of new indicators from the business management practice of certain countries. The author analyzed and valued the effects of international standards on the business economic environments. There was shown that uniform management accounting standards will increase market liquidity, decrease transaction costs for investors, lower cost of capital, and facilitate international capital formation and flow. Reduced costs will also result in more cross-listings and cross-border investments.

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Corporate Political Strategy on Three Continents a Managerial Comparative Approach at Global Level Part II – People’s Republic of China and Romania

Author(s): Simona Buşoi,Amedeo Istocescu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2010

China and Romania have a common starting point – the planned socialist economy. Depending on the political, historical and geographical situation, and consistent with the options of each of these countries, China and Romania have evolved in different ways in the recent decades from the economic and from the political point of view.

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New Human Resources Management and Direct Investment Inflows Build up the Knowledge-Based Society in the CEE Emerging Countries

Author(s): George Plesoianu,Mihail Vincenţiu Ivan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2010

Financial innovation is essential for the economic development and growth. Even more, practice proved that any sustainable economic development requires more than a “receptive” economy to financial inflows inputs. The bitter global competition changed the knowledge into the vital force of the economy. Therefore, in order to survive, companies of different sizes, have to allocate important financial resources in view of obtaining useful knowledge. The importance of knowledge in the new world economy has been officially acknowledged across the EU once with the adopting of the Lisbon Agenda, that established as a priority for the member countries to build up the knowledge-based society in view of providing the competitiveness increase and a sustained economical development. The financial factors contribution at the labour productivity increase in the CEE countries differed according to the level and structure of the foreign direct investment inflows, as well as the innovative capabilities and the existing human resources in the host economy. Our main goal is to demonstrate that, supporting the research and development activities, Financial Investments and a New Human Resources Management in Central and Eastern European economies, had been playing an active role in increasing productivity, in the way towards a society based on knowledge.

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Managing Expatriation, Repatriation and Organisational Learning in MNCs: an Integrative Framework

Author(s): Rossella Canestrino,Pierpaolo Magliocca / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

In the expanding global economy knowledge has became one of the most strategically-significant resource, so that firms’ competitive advantage depends, more and more, on their ability to create, transfer and protect knowledge asset. Since very few firms are able to develop a wide range of knowledge internally, expatriation and repatriation may be considered as important sources of competitive advantage, thanks to the huge amount of knowledge, both tacit and explicit, that corporate may acquire by managing the cycle. Prior researches mainly investigated the intra-organisational knowledge transfer – from headquarter to subsidiaries – allowed by the expatriates. Very few studies, on the contrary, focused on the “reverse” process – from the subsidiaries to headquarter. According to this, we aim at deeply investigate the conditions upon which intra-organisational knowledge transfer may occur, and corporate learning process may be fostered, as well. In doing so, we focus on the entire expatriate-repatriate cycle, assuming that the effectiveness of knowledge transfer depend on the way the whole process is managed. An integrative theoretical model will be finally suggested, and recommendations for further researches will be proposed.

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Improving Communications: Awareness and Management of Perceiving Disagreement

Author(s): Theodore H. Rosen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

Interpersonal communications often fail to communicate the intended message. Language, contextual, and cultural differences between the sender and receiver of the message influence the receipt of the intended message exacerbates a lack of understanding when the message contains inexact words and phrases. The resultant message obtained by the receiver may or may not be in agreement with what the intended message was supposed to convey. This creates a phenomenon named Perceiving Disagreement. When Perceiving Disagreement occurs, actions taken because of the message can conflict with the intended actions expected by the message sender and result in inappropriate performance and behaviors. This paper discusses the phenomenon of Perceiving Disagreement and encourages organizations and individuals to support the use of awareness training and practice of using more exact language and exchanging feedback between the receiver and sender of a message to improve the understanding and effectiveness of all communications. This is particularly important when using intervening media and translators for international communications.

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Types of Romanian Companies according to the Culture-Strategy Binomial

Author(s): Ion Verboncu,Marian Năstase,Ovidiu Nicolescu,Ion Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

The organization’s culture-strategy binomial requires a consistent approach of the external and internal factors that can impact on the company, influence its performance and existence and, consequently, the implementation of sound and explicit strategies that would allow the company to successfully cope with potential changes in the external environment and adapt in order to survive and develop. The organisational culture represents a component of competitive management applied in the most competitive corporations across the world and a premise for further development and efficient use of human resources potential in organisations. Internal and external levels, design and implementation, assessment and control, they are all integrated into the same logic, focusing on getting a better competitive position and meeting the stakeholders expectations.

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Leadership Styles and Decision-making in Finnish and Swedish Organizations

Author(s): Tuija Lämsä / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

Globalization and other forces are challenging the European leadership models and practices. It can be seen that albeit what’s a very efficient leadership style for one country may be an extremely ineffective style for another - people aren’t always aware that cultural differences exist at all. Finland and Sweden are neighbouring countries which have a long common history behind them. This paper introduces how substantially the management cultures and leadership styles really differ in these countries. Cultural values have an influence on leadership practices and institutional arrangements. Many aspects of leadership are affected by cultural differences, and in this paper the differences in leadership styles between Finland and Sweden are presented, concentrating in management and decision making which vary culture by culture.

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Enquiries Regarding Workplace Interaction Formal Language

Author(s): Valentin Leonti / Language(s): English Issue: S2/2009

The main objective of the paper is to describe an employee’s social network interaction using natural language. Previously, Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language describes the limits of formal language and recommends the use of natural language by investigating how it is actually used. The methodology used was based on the analysis of the general features of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language in relation with human resource job requirements. The result of the research shows that in business rules design, we need to use ordinary language looking for context, activities and practices in which we use language that provide the fundamental clarification of meaning. The implications of research can help managers and developers create better decision support systems (DSS). The originality of the research consists in shifting from language as a product of thought to language as a meaning by which we think in business.

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Leadership in the Globalization Era

Author(s): Mihai Cusuta,Ioan Ursachi / Language(s): English Issue: S2/2009

We are the witnesses of one of the most profound economic revolution that even shake the humanity. It is a consciousness search of a new worldly order in which the economics dominate politics and sociology. Industry, commerce and finance will not get along at all with the national framework, becoming too squeezed. Multinational companies with as much financial power as Belgium, for instance, will blow the frontiers, constraining states to obey. They will produce where the costs are lowest, sell where the markets are most profitable, transfer profits in order to pay the least taxes, research the virtual organization and bring the innovation everywhere. [...]

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An Ethics Philosophy Management. The Mary Kay Cosmetics Case

Author(s): Gh.Gh. Ionescu,Adina Letiţia Negruşa / Language(s): English Issue: S1/2009

Being involved in a project focused on “Feminine entrepreneurship and equal chances”, I had to do some research concerning the literature on feminine entrepreneurship worldwide, especially in the developed western countries, and, of course on women’s business opportunities within Romanian economy. This research work has opened me a large and fascinating view on the topic of women in business and management. […]

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