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Опит за финансов прочит на Цариградски вестник (1848–1862)

Author(s): Hristiyan Atanasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

This article aims to present the financial information of the „Tsarigradski newspaper” published for about fifteen years. Hundreds of weekly papers, which contain an extraordinary volume of materials dedicated to finance: tables, reports, analyzes, orders from the Ottoman government, and so on, have been reviewed. The article does not claim for comprehensiveness. We are not able to present all the materials – they are too many. The cliometric data that can be collected from the newspaper will also not be presented. Here we will adopt a problematic thematic approach and will present only a few of the materials published in the newspaper. They are related to the determination of the value of coins and paper money, the way prices are formed, information for credit institutions, etc. We hope that the article will contribute to increase the interest in the digital editions of the Bulgarian newspapers, which we receive as an inheritance from the Revival period. They are a prime source of historical research and are fully accessible on the Internet – on the website of the National Library "St. St. Cyril and Methodius".

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За някои практики от дейността и контактите на български розотърговски фирми (1879 г. – края на XIX в.)

Author(s): Momchil Marinov,Krasimir Krastev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The last two decades of the 19 century are important and exponential period in the development of the Bulgarian rose producing industry. The main areas of exports for the rose products are formed - The US, England, France, Austria-Hungary, Russia and so on. Major Bulgarian rose trading companies are formed. Based on the numismatic material from the collection of “Iskra” Museum of history in Kazanlak and the accompanying data, the authors are trying to reconstruct the basic tendencies in the development of the Bulgarian rose producing industry in the period.

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Международните връзки на българските чифликчии – случаят Холевич и Вакаро

Author(s): Petar Dobrev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The Holevich family, whose personal archives I am currently researching, were some of the richest and most influential landowners (or chiflikchii) in the region of Dobrudja prior to WWII. The most prominent member of the family was hadji Vasil Holevich, who apart from having a serious political career, was also doing business with one of the most important industrialists in the young Bulgarian state – the Italian K.A. Vaccaro. At the end of the 19th century, they became partners in the sale of agricultural machinery. The paper researches the complicated business contacts between Holevich and Vaccaro, which started promisingly but ended up with serious losses for the Italian. At a moment when the Bulgarian state budget was dependent of Vaccaro and the European loan, he was negotiating, Holevich was in a position not to answer the Italian's letters and didn't seem very concerned with collecting the money that was requested of him. This can show the powerful position local landowning elites had in Dobrudja, which allowed them to have the upper hand even against some of the most influential men in Sofia.

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The impact of individual heterogeneity on building customer loyalty

Author(s): Marija Martinović,Petra Barišić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Consumer loyalty is a powerful source of competitive advantage. Managers should pay more attention to the factors that could improve the long-term relationship between consumers and companies. The aim of this study is to explore predictors of customer loyalty in the retail bank sector in order to identify the effect of stability perceptions in addition to customer satisfaction and service quality which have been traditionally accepted as the primary predictors of customer loyalty, especially for services. Another purpose of the study is to investigate the moderating effects of gender, age and income on the mentioned relationships. A random sample of Croatian bank customers was surveyed to collect information on customer perceptions and behaviours in relation to satisfaction with service quality, stability and loyalty. The research results revealed that service quality, consumer satisfaction and stability perceptions have a significant impact on consumer loyalty. Furthermore, age has a moderating effect on the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty as well as on the relationship between quality and loyalty. Thanks to the specialty of the banking sector, gender, age and income moderate the relationship between perceived stability and loyalty.

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ОБЪЕКТИВНЫЕ И СУБЪЕКТИВНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЖЕНСКОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РОССИИ

Author(s): Natalja Yurevna Utkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

The gender dimension of modern economic relations acquires a special significance not only because women in the market economy continue to be a decisive factor in social production in Russia, but also due to the fact that they form a typical “gender niche” of population’s economic activity. The purpose of the article was to determine the gender components of the entrepreneurship development in Russia. In the process the author concludes that the main characteristic of women's entrepreneurship as a socio-economic phenomenon is the industry affiliation of women business. It was found out that women prefer those areas of business that are a continuation of their work in the domestic sphere. The business sectors women are most active and successful in include: health care, pre-school education, services, catering, sport, tourism as a form of leisure activities, cottage industry. A special role belongs to the family business, which makes it possible to realize the creative possibilities of all family members, providing them with support and protection under any adverse circumstances. The results presented in this article are intended to broaden the knowledge of women entrepreneurship issues in transition economies; special attention is paid to the definition of gender differences in this area.

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Zrewidowany paradygmat systemowy. Wyjaśnienia i dodatkowe elementy w świetle doświadczeń państw postsocjalistycznych – część trzecia

Author(s): János Kornai / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2018

The term paradigm was introduced to the philosophy of science by Thomas Kuhn – he used this term to denote the specific approach applied by a school of research to examine its subject matter. Using the same paradigm, researchers seek answers to similar questions, and employ similar methods and concepts. In an article published in 2000, the author of this essay introduced the term system paradigm, which focuses on the systems functioning in a society. This study develops the theoretical considerations outlined in that earlier article on the basis of experience of post-socialist transition. The first part compares the socialist and capitalist systems, describing their main characteristics, and concludes that the capitalist system has become established in former socialist countries, except for North Korea and Cuba. The second part analyzes varieties of capitalism within a typology which classifies prevailing forms of politics and government. Three markedly different types are identified: democracy, autocracy, and dictatorship. Huntington wrote about the “third wave” of democratization. This study concludes the third wave has dried up: for the 47 postsocialist countries, only a tenth of the population live in democracies, while autocracy or dictatorship prevails in all other countries in this group. The third part of this essay applies the conceptual and analytical apparatus to Hungary, where capitalism exists, and autocracy is the prevailing politico-governmental form – here we can find important characteristics common to other capitalist countries or other autocracies. This finding is compatible with the observation that there are some less fundamental characteristics unique to Hungary, or “Hungarica”, which differ from the characteristics of all other countries.

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The Relations Between Unemployment and Entrepreneurship in Turkey: Schumpeter or Refugee Effect?

Author(s): Şükrü Apaydin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relations between unemployment and entrepreneurship in Turkey. Thus, it is empirically investigated whether the effects of Schumpeter and Refugee are valid or not. In the study, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag – ARDL method was adopted and Turkey’s 2000-2016 period data were used. The results of estimation show that there is an inverse relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment. Accordingly, when the rate of entrepreneurship increases, unemployment decreases or vice versa. Causality is from entrepreneurship to unemployment. In other words, the while the Schumpeter effect is valid, it is concluded that the refugee effect is invalid.

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Kalkınmacı Devlet ve Sanayileşmeden, Neoliberal Erken Sanayisizleşmeye

Author(s): B. Ali EŞİYOK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: spec. 1/2018

History of capitalism is the history of crises and reconstruction. After the second sharing, this period that will continue till the middle of 1970’s and be qualified as the golden age of capitalism is the most social period also as the result of the expansionary welfare State applications of capitalism. In the golden age of capitalism, as the result of import substitution industrialization strategy applied in the environmental countries, important structural transformations occurred in the production structure of many countries also including Turkey, and the share of industry increased significantly. The main actor was the state in the import substitution industrialization strategy applied in the environmental countries. Developmental state, using resource allocation for the productive sectors (primarily the production industry), important transformations were obtained in industry. By means of the selective industrial politics applied by the developmental state, many nearby countries the export structure of which depends on the agricultural products due to the production went up to the statute of industrial exporting country.

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Zyskowność sektora bankowego a jego transformacja w wybranych krajach Bałkanów Zachodnich

Author(s): Katarzyna Kubiszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

The period of the economic transformation is an important stage of the economic change. The banking sector and its financial performance are particularly important for the economy as a whole. The objective of the article is to assess the profitability of banking sectors in the transition period, based on the selected countries of the Western Balkans region from 2001 to 2015. Four financial ratios were used to measure profitability, and the involvement of transformation processes was estimated using the Bank Reform Triangle, as well as proposed modifications in its construction.

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Misalokacja funkcjonalna nieruchomości – szansa dla inwestorów, wyzwanie dla gminy

Author(s): Katarzyna Kania,Małgorzata Uhruska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The paper discusses the economically inefficient usage of urban estates within city areas. This lack of efficiency is attributable to the misallocation of land resources as measured by their actual function, location and user needs. A good example of that effect is placement of extensive industrial areas within city boundaries that effectively block development of mixed-function residental, cultural, trade or service-related properties. On the other hand, real estate development processes taking place in cities lead to different estate usage, based on its value. Land is a restricted resource, so owners prefer investments that will maximise profit through the most effective investment paths. This article seeks to prove that the investment value of real estate will, over time, block its economically inefficient usage in cities. A clear relationship is shown between increasing real estate investment value and decreasing existing functional misallocation.

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Misja, wizja i cele uniwersytetu ekonomicznego

Author(s): Wioletta Gaweł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Trudności w określeniu całościowej misji uniwersytetu, powodują konieczność systematyzacji trzeciej misji uniwersytetu.Analizie zostały poddane misje uniwersytetów ekonomicznych w Polsce: Szkoła Główna Handlowa, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie.Uczelnie w sposób klarowny określają misję związaną z badaniami i kształceniem oraz profilem swojej jednostki. Odpowiedzią na zmieniające się warunki zewnętrze i oczekiwania interesariuszy są zawarte w trzeciej misji, która nie została w pełni uchwycona.

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Vartojimo revoliucijos ir kontrrevoliucijos: filosofijos, sociologijos ir komunikacijos tyrimai

Author(s): Edvardas Rimkus / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3/2018

The Scientific Conference ‘Revolutions and Contrarevolutions of Consumption: Researches in the Philosophy, Sociology and Communication’ held at the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in 2018 is overviewed in the article. The text reflects the course of the Conference. The main thoughts of speakers are reviewed, some of them are discussed. Topics examined at the Conference are the following: the consumer class, entrepreneurship in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 17th century, consumerism in the popular music, the consumption of body style in the media, alternatives of the consumerism culture, the relation between expansion of consumption and freedom, the ontology of consumption, the features of consumer behaviour of the Z generation, the consumption of sexualized images of women in the social media, the consumption of the artistical identity and other topics.

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Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Kavramının Karlılık İle İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Çalışma: Bist 100 Örneği

Author(s): Yusuf Gör,Bilgehan Tekin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 5/2018

Today, the globalizing World forces to companies to take into account the needs and demands of society and to adopt the concept of serving the environment as an open system with the effects of rapid developments and changes in the fields of information and communication. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the responsibility of the companies for their influence on the society, as defined by the EU Commission. Companies can fulfill their social responsibilities by incorporating social and environmental elements, ethical values, consumer and human rights issues into their business strategies and operations in accordance with the law. However, in recent years, social responsibility activities of companies have become increasingly widespread. However, it is not clear to what extent social responsibility activities have realized the expectations of the companies and the society. In this study, it is examined whether the revenue of companies and the expectation of increase of profits have been realized as a result of social responsibility activities. In this direction, the financial tables of the companies that took place between 2009-2016 in BIST 100 index were examined. And the effects of social responsibility on the companies were investigated by regression analysis.

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SOSYAL MEDYA REKLAMLARINDA TÜKETİCİ ALGILAMALARI İLE SATIN ALMA NİYETİ VE AĞIZDAN AĞIZA İLETİŞİM ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Author(s): Ecehan TURGUT,Ayşe Akyol,Selay Giray / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

Parallel to the development of new communication environments with the help of technology in recent years, social media is defined as a virtual platform on which users share their knowledge and experiences. As consumers spend more and more time indoors, whether it is at work or at home, the use of social media increases and these consumers develop a good knowledge about products and services through advertisement. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between online advertising, purchasing intention and word of mouth marketing. The research is exploratory and descriptive in nature. The data were generated cross sectionally. The questionnaires were conducted to 233 facebook users determined by convenience sampling method. The scales used for this research was developed and tested by other researchers. The data was analysed by using SPSS and NCSS 2007. The reliability of the data was found appropriate. Factor analysis, canonical correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. As a result, it was found that the online advertisements has an effect on purchasing intention and word of mouth marketing.

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Nowoczesne zarządzanie w administracji publicznej

Author(s): Malwina Kostrzewska-Obertaniec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba zbadania i znalezienia najlepszego modelu zarządzania w polskiej administracji publicznej.Badania były poświęcone satysfakcji klientów i pracowników Urzędu Miasta Krakowa. Zostały przeprowadzone w dziewiętnastu punktach obsługi jedenastu wydziałów Urzędu Miasta Krakowa. Ilość wypełnionych ankiet wynosi osiemset trzydzieści, składała się z dziesięciu pytań zamkniętych, czterech otwartych i sześciu pytań znajdujących się w metryczce. Średni czas trwania jednego badania to sześć minut. Ogółem badania trwały dwa tygodnie.Wyniki wskazały na nieznaczne różnice w ocenie u badanych pracowników i klientów. Urząd postrzegany jest dobrze przez dwie grupy uczestniczące w ankiecie, lecz klienci oceniają badane aspekty wyżej niż pracownicy.Badanie ukazuje, że środowisko wewnętrzne danej organizacji potrzebuje sprawnego zarządzania i ciągłego motywowania do tego, aby wysoko oceniać organizację w której pracują urzędnicy. Klienci usatysfakcjonowani są zachodzącymi zmianami w administracji państwowej.

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Growth Orientation of Women and Men Owners of Micro Firms in the Pomeranian Region

Author(s): Julita E. Wasilczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Despite the fact that research on women’s entrepreneurship has been conducted for many years, still many clear answers to questions about the differences between entrepreneurs of both genders are missing. One of the unresolved issues is the performance of women in entrepreneurship. Research aims. The aim of the study is to investigate the growth orientation of microenterprises operating in the Pomeranian region in Poland and to compare its level according to the gender of the owner. Methodology. An index of entrepreneurs’ growth orientation was developed. This index, being a determinant of the company’s growth potential, was based on five indicators: goals and plans of the entrepreneur, innovative activities, investment, and activity in finding sources of funding. The data was gathered by a face to face survey, based on a questionnaire, among microfirm owners from the Pomeranian region – Poland, in 2009 and 2012. Key findings. The analysis of growth orientation of women and men, pointed out that the first showed a lower indicator of it, however again the general conclusions are not so clear.

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Value Creation Between Art and Industry – Musicians and Their Entrepreneurial Intentions

Author(s): Małgorzata Sternal / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

This article focuses on selected aspects of entrepreneurial intentions in the arts entrepreneurship. Referring to the specifics of cultural industries seen from the point of view of the cultural ecology rather than the cultural economy, some views on value in culture are presented, complemented by opinions of professional musicians active as entrepreneurs. The co-existence of the economic and cultural values is seen as an advantage enriching the context in which entrepreneurial intentions appear and develop.

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Zarządzanie Kulturą A Hegemonia Dyskursu Ekonomicznego – Analiza Przypadku: Teatr Studio W Warszawie

Author(s): Joanna Kasza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Usually when we talk about culture management, whether in the context of the object (reflection on what we manage in the sphere of culture: the definition of culture or/and culture goods), as well as in the context of the subject (reflection on the actors involved in this process, i.e. artists, intermediating institutions and receivers), we should be prepare for a certain ambivalence of contrasting discourses or narrations, both within theoretical scientific discourses (discrepancies between the humanities and economic) as well as pragmatic approach resulting from the individual experience of management in culture. Presented case study of the conflict in Studio Theatre in Warsaw is the perfect example, that illustrates in practice this collision (short circuit in refers to S. Žižek’ favourite metaphor) of completely different paradigms, narration, or discourses, as well as individual values, expectations and experiences, which regardless of the attempts of exit from the impasse or negotiations on both side, is still escalating and rising in power. Evoked conflict, referring both to ideological issues (different values), as well as political (different interests), is at the same time personal conflict as well as substantive one: collision between artistic vision or management strategy for the artistic theatre (repertory’s theatre) and economic vision or management strategy of project theatre (event’s theatre). In refers to difference in epistemological and axiological assumptions, creation of a common space (conceptual, analytical and research) is of the particular importance, this requires a multidisciplinary approach/discourse (scientific, public, environmental), which takes into account relationships of both sides/disciplines/ environments, while assuming both: the critical approach or competition as well as common space and cooperation, underlying their mutual diffusion within the contemporary world of „liquid modernity”.

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Socially Responsible Companies on the Stock Market

Author(s): Mirosław Wypych / Language(s): English Issue: 1.1/2018

Enterprises are beginning to see marketing benefits related to declaring that their businesses are run in accordance with the idea of corporate social responsibility. Socially responsible companies implement concepts and management methods based on good relations with business partners, the company’s environment and its employees. This applies in particular to public companies, that is companies whose shares are listed on the stock exchange. Therefore, the question arises whether this kind of conduct is appreciated by stock exchange investors and affects the company’s market position. The aim of the article is to try to answer this question on the basis of research carried out based on the companies included in the RESPECT Index. The analysis showed that stock market investors favorably assess the income potential and development prospects of socially responsible companies, which is reflected in the relatively high increase in their market value. Therefore, the RESPECT Index can be the basis for choosing specific companies as an object of investment decisions on the stock market.

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Ocena działalności innowacyjnej przedsiębiorstw z działów przetwórstwa przemysłowego w Polsce w latach 2013–2015

Author(s): Maria Magdalena Grzelak,Bogusława Dobrowolska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3.2/2018

Innovative processes have become the subject of intense scientific research around the world. In the conditions of global competition, the innovativeness of industrial enterprises is an important factor determining both the development of individual enterprises and the entire economy. The aim of the authors of the article is to try to evaluate the innovation of industrial processing enterprises in Poland as well as defining in which of the industrial processing departments the enterprises are the most innovative, and which variables have contributed to it to the greatest extent. As a consequence, a ranking of industrial processing departments for the years 2013-2015 was prepared using the synthetic measure of development (SMR), which enables the construction of an innovation indicator for each industry processing department and also the separation of economy departments with a similar degree of innovation. In the study, taking into account the Polish Classification of Business Activities (PKD) 2007, an attempt was made to measure the innovation of industrial processing enterprises (section C) at the two-digit level of aggregation, i.e. at the level of departments in this section. Such a level of aggregation of information was considered sufficiently detailed and appropriate to assess the innovative activity of processing industry enterprises. The study used the results of the research of innovative activity of industrial and service enterprises in Poland in the years 2013–2015 published by the Central Statistical Office (GUS) in 2016, which are implemented in accordance with the Oslo methodology as part of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS).

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