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The Level of Transparency of Oil and Gas Transit Operations through Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey and Ukrainе

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The report assesses the level of transparency in the transit of hydrocarbons and the outstanding issues with the access to information related to the transit of oil and gas in Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia and Ukraine. The report is a result of a regional joint initiative for “Promoting Transparency in the Transit of Hydrocarbons through Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, and Ukraine” by the Center for the Study of Democracy and the Revenue Watch Institute (New York), which started in 2011. It enables the first of its kind assessment of the hydrocarbon transit environment in these countries and exposes the serious information gaps related to the processes of transiting oil and gas in the region.

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Globalna ekonomska kriza, političke nesigurnosti i mogućnosti za reforme u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Boris Tihi / Language(s): Bosnian

- Povezivanje geografije i ekonomije, koje se postiže regionalnim integracijama, donosi brojne prednosti povećanjem međuzavisnosti između užih regiona i smanjivanjem njihovih tendencija ka autarihičnosti. - Teoretski model nodalno-funkcionalne regionalizacije je značajno poremećen u slučaju dezintegracije bivše Jugoslavije, kao dijela regiona Jugoistočne Evrope, a posebno unutar Bosne i Hercegovine kao subregiona. - Drastiščan pad GDP-a najbolji je dokaz za ovakav zaključak, pošto to nije uzrokovano samo ratom, nego i vještačkim podjelama nekada konzistentnih regiona. - Bazični ekonomski indikatori za Bosnu i Hercegovinu, kao što su GDP per capita, stopa nezaposlenosti, struktura privrede, odnos uvoza i izvoza i drugi, znatno su lošiji od većine zemalja u tranziciji, uprkos značajnoj pomoći međunarodne zajednice, što je direktna posljedica političke podjele na dva entiteta i dezintegrisane četiri bivše makroregije. - Procesi ekonomskih integracija na nivou Bosne i Hercegovine, bivše Jugoslavije i regiona Jugoistočne Evrope mogu se odvijati paralelno, mada su pomaci od užih ka širim regionima prirodni put. - Na nivou Bosne i Hercegovine najveća prepreka usklađivanju geografije i ekonomije je postojanje dva entiteta sa velikom samostalnošću i autarhičnim tendencijama, što dovodi do slabih centralnih institucija i nepostojanja jedinstvene strategije ekonomskog razvoja. - Brža ekonomska integracija regiona bivše Jugoslavije u interesu je svih novih samostalnih država koje su iza nje nastale, zbog komplementarnosti resursa, tradicije i nepostojanja jezičnih barijera.

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Centre for European Policy Studies. Highlights 2013-14

Author(s): Edmond Alphandéry,Karel Lannoo,Daniel Gros,Kerstin Born-Sirkel,Sally Scott / Language(s): English

It is my great pleasure to introduce myself as the new Chairman of CEPS. Let me start by thanking my predecessor, H. Onno Ruding, who assisted CEPS’ management in growing the organisation to the globally recognised institution that it is today, while preserving its integrity and reputation for insightful and constructive ideas. I intend to continue in that tradition, bringing my expertise to the work of CEPS on some of the core issues on the European agenda in 2014. In particular, the complex arrangements to establish a Single Resolution Mechanism will be of major importance. CEPS will follow the work of the intergovernmental conference that is fleshing out the agreement, providing input and acting as a sounding board for its proposals.

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Centre for European Policy Studies. Highlights 2014-15

Author(s): Edmond Alphandéry,Karel Lannoo,Daniel Gros,Kerstin Born-Sirkel,Sally Scott / Language(s): English

At a time when nearly everyone has an opinion on the challenges facing Europe, CEPS is proudly continuing its 30-year mission of providing sound policy advice built on rigorous research. Our researchers help to shape policy by bringing academic discipline to the policy debate. We tackle the big, long-term questions and not just what’s fashionable at any given moment. At a time when many policy-makers are forced to focus on the immediate challenges, this is more important than ever. The European Union is in the midst of setting policy directions for years to come – on the future architecture of bank supervision, on eurozone governance, on migration. Our research is crucial in ensuring that policy builds on solid evidence.

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Centre for European Policy Studies. Highlights 2015-16

Author(s): Karel Lannoo,Daniel Gros,Kerstin Born-Sirkel,Sally Scott / Language(s): English

Turbulent times continue to provide plenty of food for thought. We are proud that CEPS has managed for several decades to provide expert analysis to an increasingly broad group of stakeholders on topical issues. For example, we have recently examined the migration crisis and the implications of a possible Grexit or Brexit for the EU. We have also addressed more long-standing policy problems such as Energy Union, innovation and deep and comprehensive agreements with important trading partners. With an eye to long-term global issues, CEPS was active in the negotiations for a new international climate change regime, providing a valuable and officially acknowledged contribution to the agreement reached at the COP21 in Paris. The last few months have also seen a worsening of the refugee crisis. Building on decades of research in the fields of migration and asylum, we have put forward concrete and evidencebased policy recommendations to decision-makers both in Brussels and in the national capitals.

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Ewolucja rynku cyfrowego Unii Europejskiej: wybrane aspekty pojęciowe i prawodawcze

Author(s): Łukasz Wróblewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the chapter is to present the evolution of the European Union’s digital market. Its potential and the most important problems will also be presented. The chapter is based on the analysis of the literature and the EU legal acts. The EU digital market is based on the concept of the common market and it consists in eliminating trade barriers between Member States to e-commerce. Thus, it boosts the EU’s economy and it generates substantial economic benefits for business and consumers. However, the full potential of the digital market still remains unexplored. Given that fact, the digitalmarket should be treated by the EU and its member states as a crucial priority for the next years.

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Zróżnicowanie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w Polsce w świetle europejskiej polityki spójności i celów zrównoważonego rozwoju

Author(s): Maciej Pietrzykowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the article, the impact of the EU Cohesion Policy on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 10 (SDG), focusing on reducing inequalities in Poland, is examined. The aim isto assess whether the Cohesion Policy effectively contributes to reducing income inequalities and the labour market, thereby leading to economic convergence within the EU, at the national and regional levels, with particular emphasis on Poland’s position and its socio-economic development diversification. The study focuses on the analysis of economic indicators, including purchasing power-adjusted GDP per capita and employment rates for the years 2010–2022, in the context of the objectives ofthe Cohesion Policy and the 2030 Agenda. The study’s findings confirm that in terms of reducing income disparities and improving employment, the cohesion policy could have been effective due to the convergence of the analysed indicators. In particular, the situation in Poland during the analysed period was satisfactory, as the country improved its results in terms of both analysed SDG10 indicators, nationally and regionally. Also, the overall SDG index for Poland and its overall ranking position is highly satisfactory, and the Gini coefficient, which illustrates income disparities, is at a good level in relation to other countries.

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Reforma systemu celnego Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Grzegorz Mazur / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In May 2023 the European Commission presented the legislative package of the reforms of the EU customs code. The Commission’s proposal, responding to current challenges in the global trading system, has been the most ambitious reform in the EU customs union’s history since its beginning. The general purpose of the chapter is to identify the main changes to the EU’s customs code resulting from the reforming package. The analysis is based on the texts of legislative proposals prepared by the European Commission that yet must be adopted within the EU’s legislative process. The conducted analysis reveals that the reforming package includes new instruments and solutions that would transform the Union Customs Code to a more digital, integrated and efficient system. The presented proposals include among others the creation of the EU Customs Data Hub and the EU Customs Authority that will create the institutional and operational framework of the renewed EU’s customs system. The proposed legislation provides also for new regulations referring to e-commerce, including the new status of ‘deemed importer’ and modified treatment of goods ordered online from outside the European Union. The UCC reform is also part of a strategic shift within the EU’s Common Commercial Policy towards a more open, sustainable, and assertive trade policy.

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Defining the Green Agenda: International and European Insights into Green Industrial Policies

Author(s): Elena Spasova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article explores the green political agenda's evolution, particularly its rise as a driving force behind green industrial policies since the 2000s. These policies have become instrumental for governments aiming to bolster their national businesses' competitive edge and international trade roles. The paper is structured in three main sections. The first section traces the evolution of the Green agenda from the 1970s to the present, highlighting its transformation in policy makers' eyes to an economic and strategic tool in the 2000s. It explores how green industrial policies emerged, influencing international trade dynamics and national economic strategies. The second section delves into the specific aims and instruments of these policies over the past decades. The third section provides an examination of green industrial policy measures enacted by the US, the EU, and China in recent years. The conclusion highlights challenges for European decision-makers in crafting effective green industrial measures and suggests areas for future discussion.

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Cooperative Banks, What Ecological Legitimacy?

Author(s): Maya Jandah / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, European banks have invested 1.331 billion US $ in fossil fuels (Banking on Climate Chaos, 2023). The level of profit serves as a key incentive for banks to continue their involvement with fossil fuels. However, some banks have stopped these practices and committed to no longer supporting the expansion of this sector. This article aims to explore the role of banks, particularly cooperative banks, in combating climate change. Our objective is to examine to what extent cooperative banks are better positioned to tackle the challenges posed by climate change. The legitimacy of these banks is demonstrated through their capacity to adapt in a constantly evolving environment, and their foundational characteristics actively contribute to climate action.

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Global Sancflation as a Reflection of the Impact of Sanctions Against Russia to Inflation: Some (Im)possible Comparisons

Author(s): Elena Simeonova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper reflects some thoughts on the nexus between the sanctions against Russia and the global inflation rates since February 2022. The paper sets the following objectives: 1) to bring out and define the term sancflation, and 2) to search for other cases of similar global impact of the sanctions-inflation nexus. The thesis statement is that sanctions on Russia are unique and have global economic effects (including inflation) far greater than anything seen before. The global impact evaluation of Russia’s case should prompt a reconsideration of sanctions as a policy instrument.

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ИНТЕГРИРАНАТА МОРСКА ПОЛИТИКА НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ СЪЮЗ КАТО МОДЕЛ ЗА ПЛАНИРАНЕ В РЕПУБЛИКА БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Vanya Hristova Stamatova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

European Union’s Integrated Maritime Policy is an attempt to coordinate complex and interdependent policies related to maritime affairs, and to tackle the issues concerning the allocation of ecological economic resources in a holistic, integrated manner. Since it is better in organisational terms to deal with local information locally, this new approach aims at reducing organisational centralisation, devolution in decision- making from hierarchies into networks of EU member states in accordance with the fundamental EU principle of subsidiarity, with the coordinating role of the EU Commission. The new policy approach also aims at increasing horizontal and vertical coordination of maritime policies at the EU level.

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Politics and Energy in Modern Energy Communities

Author(s): Nina Dyulgerova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The long-term vision on energy transformation is a game-changer redefining not only the architecture of the power transmission and distribution, but also the understanding of the sector in general. The strategic view for achieving carbon neutrality until 2050 is a significant challenge not only for global the economy, but also for the social understanding of these processes. The political and commercial plan of the energy transformation are dynamic processes, reflecting the preparedness of the people to accept the new model of decentralization and democratization of the power sector.

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Fair Trade jako odpowiedź na wyzwania globalizacji

Author(s): Olga Jankowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this chapter is to identify how Fair Trade practices address some of the contemporary global challenges arising from the processes of globalisation. Methods include analysis of the literature, reports, data, and information from organisations such as Fairtrade International, Fairtrade Poland, the Polish Fair Trade Association, the World Fair Trade Organization, the World Bank, and the United Nations. Fair Trade focuses on achieving social, environmental, and economic goals, especially in addressing poverty. Fair Trade is a social movement enhancing social awareness about global challenges and also a market of products that meet Fair Trade criteria. It aims to improve the living conditions of marginalised communities by tackling the negative impacts of globalisation and supporting sustainable development.

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Czy zrównoważona turystyka jest możliwa? Fair Trade w branży turystycznej

Author(s): Karolina Zuzanna Skorupska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This chapter examines the potential of Fair Trade in the tourism industry, exploring whether sustainability is merely a marketing gimmick or a genuine pathway to responsible tourism. The aim is to understand how Fair Trade principles can positively impact local communities and the environment as well as on the tourists themselves. Methods include statistical data analysis, case studies, and literature review. Findings indicate that Fair Trade tourism promotes economic benefits for local communities, environmental conservation,and social justice. Certification processes such as ATES and Fair Trade Tourism Certification ensure transparency and credibility, building consumer trust and motivating businesses to maintain high sustainability standards. Practical examples from various tourism enterprises demonstrate the successful implementation of Fair Trade principles. Future research should focus on long-term impacts and best practices in different geographical and cultural contexts.

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Интегриран и стандартизиран подход за устойчиво производство на храни с инструментариума на стандарти от международната организация по стандартизация

Author(s): Milena Peneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines an integrated approach to sustainable food production through the ISO series of standards and their role in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting. The importance of sustainability in modern society and the need for social, economic and environmental responsibility are emphasized. In the European Union, regulatory requirements are becoming more stringent, with the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) requiring companies to report on their sustainability. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards such as ISO 9000, ISO 22000, ISO 14001, and ISO 45001 offer a framework for managing quality and sustainability in the food industry, with an emphasis on safety, social responsibility, and reducing the environmental footprint. A structured process approach includes strategies to minimize waste, optimize resources, and collaborate with stakeholders that can ensure competitiveness and long-term value for society and the environment.

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Икономическа социология 5.0 - свят, населен с демони (по К. Cейгън)

Author(s): Mihaela Misheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In today‘s world, dominated by digital technologies, algorithmic governance, and global economic interdependencies, economic sociology faces new challenges. As Carl Sagan warns in The Demon-Haunted World, the lack o f critical thinking leads to the spread o f pseudoscientific ideas and social misconceptions, and only the scientific approach can dispel the darkness in which the demons of falsehood thrive. Similarly, economic sociology can serve as a „candle in the dark“ (Sagan, 2023), revealing the hidden mechanisms o f economic power, algorithmic control, and growing social inequalities. In this context, the concept o f Economic Sociology 5.0 emerges – an approach that builds upon previous stages o f development and integrates new forms of economic and social interaction. This article will analyze the Bulgarian perspective on economic sociology ten years ago and today, posing the question: How can economic sociology counteract the „economic demons“ o f modernity - the falsehoods o f neoliberal myths, algorithmic discrimination, and an economy based on exploitation - through a critical perspective on the future?

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Геоикономика и икономическа социология – социална реалност и достижения

Author(s): Kamen Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report is dedicated to the points of contact between geo-economics and economic sociology as similar scientific directions finding points of contact in the rational use of interdisciplinary tools. In the introductory part, the author has set important postulates in both scientific directions, which show their significance and practically applied nature for human development. The presentation examines general statements of the importance of economic sociology and geo-economics for the development of the world economy and politics. In the next part, a comparison of the common tools of the two scientific disciplines and their importance for the development of economic processes on a global and national level is made. Relevant conclusions and generalizations are made about the balanced development of geoeconomics and economic sociology, as well as the achievements of both sciences.

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ECOWAS – от оръжие на глобалистите до борец срещу неоколониализма и за националната държава

Author(s): Georgi Kyuchukov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

ECOWAS is an economic organization of Western African countries. It was created with the help of the former colonial states (France, the United Kingdom and Portugal) with main aim to coordinated economics and utilization of the rich natural resources of the region. During the years the organization evolved from extremely economic into political and military one. There is a marked tendency for breaking links with the former colonial states and reverse toward some of the new global powers.

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Ролята на новото поколение технологии за управление и контрол в секторите Транспорт и Енергетика

Author(s): Silviya Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The energy sector is currently undergoing significant changes on a global scale that will transform it in the coming years. This transformation includes a shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources and other clean technologies. As a result, the global energy economy is evolving, driven by the rapid expansion of solar and wind farms, the growing popularity of electric vehicles and the emergence of various other innovative technologies.

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