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Григорий Цамблак и первое упоминание о Хаджибее

Author(s): Oleg M. Lugovyi / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The exchange of embassies before the election of Grigorij Tsanblak as Kievan Metropolitan caused the meeting of Władysław II Jagiełło and Byzantine embassy in Sniatyn in May 1415. This meeting recorded by Jan Długosz is marked by the mentioning of wheat delivery from the “royal port of Kaczubyeow”. Sniatyn negotiations are not connected with the “nuncios from Constantinople” visit to Krakow in September the same year. This nuncios must have been Theodor Chrysoberges departing to the church council in Konstanz with the proposition of union between Western and Eastern churches in the name of king Władysław. In early 1418 the same proposal was brought to Kostanz by Grigorij Tsamblak in the name of Władysław II, Vitautas, emperor Manuel II and the patriarch of Constantinople altogether.

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Foreign Intelligence Collaboration during King Carol II Dictatorship (1938-1940)

Author(s): Alin Spânu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In February 1938, King Carol II imposed his political will and turned from a mediator intoan important actor. When the royal dictatorship was established, the political parties werebanned, the military took over the leadership of counties and town halls and the structures offorce were given increased powers. At the same time, Romania began to be isolated externally,because of both certain scenarios of the revisionist states and the conciliation policy adoptedby England and France. Against this background, the Romanian intelligence services launchedactions of exploration and information exchange with traditional partners (England andFrance), and with Germany, with multiple purposes. From the English and the French, help wasneeded to counter revisionism, while from the Germans we required cooperation regardingthe Soviet space, all with the purpose of maintaining Romania’s integrity. The results, notalways favourable, were analysed and presented to political-military decision-makers, thosewho had to make the final decisions.

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Alexander’s Arabian

Author(s): Miriam A. Bibby / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In 1121, Alexander I, King of Scotland, is said to have donated an equine (“donationis monumentum regium equum Arabicum”) to the church at St Andrews along with other rare and costly gifts. It was led to the altar during a ceremony that reinforced the status of St Andrews as a religious center and emphasized its relationship with the Scottish crown. Some modern commentators take it to be the first reference to an Arabian horse in Britain. There is no further reference to an Arabian horse as an “equus Arabicus” for several hundred years. What animal was presented at St Andrews?

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Visual Cherubikon

Author(s): Matthew J. Milliner / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Mary’s priesthood is a prominent theme in Byzantine art, and this paper argues that it abounds at the Virgin of the Vetches church (Panagia tou Arakos) at Lagoudera in Cyprus, especially because of extensive depictions of the apocrypha. Through subtle interpretations of the Protevangelium and Dormition narratives, the twelfth-century artist Theodore Apsevdis highlighted priestly aspects of the beginning, middle and end of Mary’s life, aspects unified through a visualization of the Prayer of the Cherubic Hymn (Cherubikon) which is said by priests to commence the Eucharistic portion of the liturgy.

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Apocryphal Iconography in the Byzantine Churches of Cappadocia

Author(s): Manuela Studer-Karlen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

By the early eighth century, the Protevangelium of James had achieved full acceptance in the Byzantine liturgical and theological traditions because it was used as an inspiration for liturgical hymns and sermons. The liturgical use of the Protevangelium correlates with the growing interest in the cult of Mary. In Cappadocia, from the ninth to the eleventh centuries, the permanent use of apocryphal sources can be observed, notably for the scenes of the Infancy of Christ as well as episodes featuring the Virgin. This phenomenon is unique to Cappadocia. Taking into account that Cappadocia is unparalleled in the Byzantine world for its wealth of surviving monuments with paintings that survive to this period, this region offers a great local case study for evidence of apocryphal source material.

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The Impact of Apocryphal Sources on the Annunciation in Medieval Art

Author(s): Marilyn Gasparini / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Virgin Mary was an essential medieval figure, and depictions of her are ubiquitous in art. Because she is mentioned only briefly in the Bible, apocryphal sources generate many of the details of her life. This paper presents apocryphal and other non-canonical sources as significant contributors to the depiction and interpretation of the Annunciation in medieval art. It focuses on how certain elements and concepts drawn from non-canonical writings converge so that the image of the Annunciation is seen as an interactive image.

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Pseudepigrapha and Last Judgment Iconography

Author(s): Daria Coșcodan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Erected in 1453-1456 and situated in Northern Bukovina (today in Ukraine), the Church of Ascension in Luzhany represents the oldest extant witness of medieval Moldavian monumental art. The scenes depicting the “death of the righteous” and the “death of the sinner” from its Last Judgment cycle are analysed here according to their literary sources, which include Old Testament pseudepigrapha and medieval hagiographic literature. Based on the implications from these extra-biblical sources, it is argued that the eschatological focus of these two scenes is reinforced by the sensorial experience associated with the moment of death.

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Apocryphal Sources and Their Importance in the Italian Iconography of Saint James the Greater

Author(s): Andrea D’Apruzzo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As one of the most important apostles, St. James the Greater and iconography depicting him has shown exceptional diversity, mostly due to influence from apocryphal sources. A thorough analysis of these sources (from second to fifteenth centuries) and the way they have been translated into visual representations in Italy shows how much apocryphal sources contributed to the genesis and the development the complex characterization of St. James the Greater. This evolution demonstrates the extent into which apocryphal sources contributed to spreading his iconography throughout Europe.

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Apostolorum Gloriosissimus Princeps

Author(s): Gerd Mathias Micheluzzi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Owing to the fame of Masaccio’s depiction of the “St. Peter Healing the Sick with his Shadow” in the Florentine Brancacci chapel, its forerunners in San Piero a Grado and Assisi were barely considered for their own sake. Consequently, important implications have been overlooked. By focusing on iconographical details and the respective local contexts, the current study proposes that both the San Piero and the Assisi examples are dependent on apocryphal writings, mediated via the Golden Legend. Furthermore, the results suggest a locally specific double function, a dualism which consists in the fact that each not only to propagates the Petrine primacy, but is also intended to attract pilgrims in San Piero, or to serve as a church- and order political statement in Assisi.

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Astrological Amulets in the Sacred Book of Hermes to Asclepius

Author(s): Paolo Vitellozzi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Hermetic treatise known as the Sacred Book of Hermes to Asclepius (Ἱερὰ βίβλος) contains recipes for making magical amulets consecrated to the thirty-six decans of the Egyptian zodiac, thus providing reliable descriptions of these astrological figures. For each amulet, the treatise then recommends a gemstone, a plant, and a food prohibition which are evidently connected with the astrological nature of the decans themselves, according either to the Egyptian tradition or to the Hellenic magical lore. Relying on the most recent studies on decanal iconographies, this chapter aims at providing examples of engraved gems produced following the prescriptions in the Sacred Book; many of these specimens are found in the corpus of the so-called “magical gems”, some Roman imperial amulets which were deeply investigated in the last decades. Moreover, the essay will attempt to understand the astrological theories underlying the creation of the amulets described by the treatise, trying to determine the ideal relationship among the different ingredients to be used. This will eventually lead to further conclusions regarding magical practises in the Graeco-Roman world.

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Superstitions in a Sermon of Stanisław of Skarbimierz (ca. 1360-1431)

Author(s): Ewelina Kaczor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Stanisław’s of Skarbimierz’ sermon no. 47 from his collection Sermones sapientiales provides one of the most detailed records of superstitions in a Polish sermon. Moreover, to a large degree, such a record is independent of material contained in earlier sources concerning the same topic. This suggests that the sermon was an instrument for correcting the beliefs and practices of a living congregation into which the preacher had insight and was versed in its folk beliefs and practices. The aim of this chapter is to study the accounts of these superstitions and to examine the preacher’s attitude toward it.

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Čitanje s predumišljajem

Author(s): Magdalena Najbar-Agičić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Kada su autori Dodatka na naslovnici Večernjeg lista 27. srpnja 2005. ugledali veliki naslov „Srpska agresija postala građanski rat. Skandalozan sadržaj udžbenika hrvatske povijesti. Autori su Oluju proglasili zločinačkom akcijom" i pročitali odgovarajući članak na petoj stranici tih novina, zgrozili su se. Mnogo se toga moglo očekivati. Primjerice, da se neke tvrdnje mogu citirati izvučene iz konteksta. Ipak, nikako nisu očekivali takve bezobzirne optužbe u kojima se tvrdi da kažu ono što uopće ne kažu. Bez ijednog citata iz samog teksta, čak i onoga izvađenog iz konteksta. Možda su bili preveliki optimisti o stanju u hrvatskim medijima, kao što su očito bili u drugim pitanjima. Možda su uistinu trebali očekivati najgore od novina uoči desete godišnjice Oluje. Očito jesu, jer hajka koja je u Večernjem listu podignuta protiv njih, a kojoj su se potom priključile i neke druge tiskovine, nije tjednima jenjavala usprkos tome što su, mora se priznati, novinari nekih medija upozoravali na to da optužbe ne odgovaraju stvarnom sadržaju separata (vidi: Jutarnji list 28. 7. 2005. i 30. 7. 2005). To je mogao odmah utvrditi i Večernji list, jer su se kopije separata dijelile naokolo od samog početka. Večernji je pak - dočekan od konkurencije na iznošenju neistine - uskoro glavni smjer napada preusmjerio protiv autora osobno, te se haranga nastavila preko besmislenih optužbi ad personam, insinuacija i čistih laži.

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1772–1813. ON EARLY SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF THE ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY AT UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA

Author(s): Fernando Bandeira Figueiredo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The establishment of scientific education at the University of Coimbra was one of the most important accomplishments of the Reform of the University in 1772. One of the best examples is the creation of the Faculty Mathematics and of the Astronomical Observatory (OAUC). The foundation of the OAUC – thefirst Portuguese university–based astronomical observatory, although with attributes typical of a national observatory – was fundamental in the institutionalization of astronomical science in Portugal. José Monteiro da Rocha (1734–1819) was the central personality beyond the conception, planning and construction of OAUC, as well as in its instrument’s provision. He was also behind the applied mathematical and astronomical methods that allowed the OAUC to establish and publish its most important and significant scientific production: the Astronomical Ephemeris (1803). In this paper, we will review Monteiro da Rocha’s contributions for the foundation of the OAUC and its scientific astronomical activity.

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PTOLEMAIC AND COPERNICAN GLOBES IN THE 17TH CENTURY: SHORT REMARKS ON THE HANDBOOKS BY BLAEU AND BION

Author(s): Flavia Marcacci / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The famous Dutch cartographer and publisher Willem Janszoon Blaeu (1571–1638) qualified himself as an instrument and globe maker under direction of T˙cho Brahe (1546–1572). In his Institution astronomique Blaeu explained the differences between techniques of construction and usage of Ptolemaic and Copernican globes. Nicolas Bion (1652?–1733) was a less renowned globe maker. In L’usage des globes celestes et terrestres he described how constructing Ptolemaic and Copernican globes. An interesting and unusual proof of persistent problem of world systems comparison in XVIIth century.

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GIORDANO BRUNO AND THE PROPORTIONAL EIGHT SPIKE COMPASS

Author(s): Valentina Zaffino / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The proportional eight spike compass, invented by Fabrizio Mordente (1532–1608), is an instrument that much interested Giordano Bruno (1548–1600). It could measure the infinitesimal fractions of the angular degrees and calculate the proportions between lines, geometric shapes and solids, working on the proportionality and commensurability of angles and segments. This new precision in calculations confirmed Bruno’s thesis of the existence of the physical minimum as opposed to the Aristotelian thesis of the infinite divisibility. So far scholarship has mainly tackled the philosophical and historiographical aspects of this issue; we on the other hand will investigate the mathematical and geometric implications of Bruno’s claim.

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Od ideologije do subverzije: promišljanje jugoslavenstva u Hrvatskoj u 21. stoljeću

Author(s): Petr Stehlík / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

After the breakup of Yugoslavia and the “abduction” of Yugoslav name by the regime of Slobodan Milošević, it seemed that Yugoslavism is a concept solely belonging to the past. Yugoslavism lost its national-integrational role it used to have in the 19th century, as well as its privileged status of the state ideology, which it used to enjoy in both incarnations of Yugoslavia. However, at the dawn of 21st century several Croatian intellectuals – with historian and publicist Dragan Markovina at the forefront – strive to reconceive Yugoslavism. The aim of the paper is to present and contextualize their deliberations on Yugoslavism as a subversive strategy and a value alternative to the dominant cultural model in Croatia and the other countries of the former Yugoslavia.

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CARTEA DE PATRIMONIU ÎN COLECŢIILE PAROHIILOR DIN JUDEŢUL CONSTANŢA (1971)

Author(s): Silviu - Constantin Nedelcu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In a file from 1971 from the State Department for Cults there is a list with the patrimony objects that exist in the collections of the parishes from Constanța county. The old church administrative organization of the Archdiocese of Tomis and the Lower Danube also included Constanța County. It should be noted that, in addition to cult objects (crosses, old icons, vestments, various liturgical objects), there were also many heritage books.

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Ludus et ironie dans Le Livre des Cent Ballades

Author(s): Maria Helena Marques Antunes / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The Livre des Cent Ballades, a poem dating from the end of the 14th century, is a collective text elaborated by four knight-poets - Jean le Sénéchal, Boucicaut, Philippe d'Artois and Jean de Crésecque - even if one admits that Sénéchal was the main author. The playful nature of the Livre des Cent Ballades, and especially the answers given to the question asked, is conducive to irony. Indeed, several poems reveal that the exercise was considered a pleasant literary entertainment. The structure of the poems is also ironic. Enjambements, highlighting a word or an expression, allow to introduce a disruptive note. Similarly, the introduction of a refrain that contradicts the assertion of submission to the lady is part of this ironic movement, reflecting the rejection of a courtly ideal deemed out of date. The thirteen answers are representative of the competitive and social nature of court poetry. Thus, the poets who took part in this challenge had to be ingenious. In this sense, irony, which requires the mastery of rhetorical codes and relies on subtlety, is characteristic of the poetic ludus.

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La dérision, l’humour et l’ironie comme moyens de résistance pendant la Guerre de Cent Ans

Author(s): Robert Massart / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Derision or mockery was always a good resistance middle for the less powerful people, the poor people, during bad periods. We have choosen as an example the new poetic style – fatras or fatrasies – that appeared during the more than one hundred years war between England and France.

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Delisle, Jean, Woodsworth, Judith (dir.), « Les Traducteurs dans l'histoire ». Ottawa : Les Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, 2e éd., 2007, xxiii-393 p. ISBN : 978-2-7603-0652-3

Author(s): Adina Hornoiu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Delisle, Jean, Woodsworth, Judith (dir.), "Les Traducteurs dans l'histoire". Ottawa : Les Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, 2e éd., 2007, xxiii-393 p. ISBN : 978-2-7603-0652-3

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