Битката на змея с орлите. Формулите на бугарщиците и съвременните записи

Author(s): Boško Suvajdžić / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This paper analyses the attitude of Bulgarian researchers towards the phenomenon of bugarštica, with special reference to the book “Croatian Bugarštica Songs and Their Bulgarian Counterparts. Studies and Texts”, edited by Stefana Stoykova and published in 2015 by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum. Stefana Stoykova substantiates the thesis about the Bulgarian origin of the bugarštica, present in the research spanning from Ivan Shishmanov to Antonina Afanasieva-Koleva, by analysing Bulgarian recordings from the 20th century in which, according to Stoykova, traces of bugarštica singing still remain preserved. By analysing the formula “orao se vijaše” [an eagle hovered] and the conceptualization of the falcon figure (in metaphors, as a mythical mediator between the worlds, etc.) in oral lyrical poetry in South Slavic context, this paper uncovers the consonance between bugarštica singing and other genre patterns from the 15th until the 20th century primarily in shared formulas, in style and language, in archaic mythological symbolism. The commonness of these elements is attributed to cohabitation, frequent migrations and the broadest processes of creation and duration in oral epic and lyrical traditions in South Slavic cultures.

Непокорният юнак в южнославянските епически песни и руските билини

Author(s): Danijela Petković / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This paper explores the position of the rebellious, disobedient hero in his own environment on the examples of South Slavic and Russian epics; more precisely, it explores the hero’s disobedience to an authority from his social or family domain. There is a collision between the heroic status of the hero, emphasizing disobedience, independence and pride, with his social and family status, which lowers the hero on the hierarchical ladder. The hero opposes the will of his superior and sometimes explicitly shows his defiance through special gestures, specific gait or riding, often in the same way as his enemy, but unlike the enemy’s, his arrogance and daring are not always punished. An insubordinate hero is not a frequent type, although often a young hero and a neophyte. Besides, disobedience is not reserved for one and the same characters, although the most disobedient heroes are the greatest Russian hero Ilja Muromec and the greatest South Slavic hero Marko Kraljević. Disobedience is only partially a means of the heroes’ characterization, it is mainly used as a motivation, as an element of the commencement that, through the initial collision, opens the possibility for different variants of the plot, in which, in most poems, the epic prevails over the balladic resolution, the heroism over the punishment for hybris, the heroic over the magical principle.

Мемоаристика и „друг фолклор“

Author(s): Nemanja Radulović / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Phenomena defined in contemporary folkloristics as postfolklore, small groups folklore, urban folklore have for long been out of the focus of Serbian folkloristics, and papers on this topic have only recently started appearing. Quite understandably, the studies are directed towards contemporary material. However, the diachronic aspect of these phenomena exists too. The testimonies of the existence of such forms of folklore in the past can be found in memoir and diary literature, as well as in the corpus of historical (not folkloristic) archives. All these past phenomena are covered here with the umbrella term “other folklore” whose function is descriptive, not theoretical. Everything that folkloristic paradigms in the past failed to see as a “real” folklore (equated with oral, rural, and traditional) – making that material invisible and hidden in the sources less used by folklorists – is classified here as “other.” “Other folklore” in this case encompasses a few kinds of folklore: folklore of small groups (criminals and prisoners, students, seminarists) and urban folklore (mostly connected to Belgrade). Political folklore could belong here too. It is often close to traditional genres in its forms, but historical and political conditions have made it unsuitable and evicted it to the out-of-sight memory of memoirs and diaries (such are, say, monarchist songs from World War II, or political jokes from the time of Communism). Political folklore sometimes coincides with other “otherness” categories, say, the parodic urban folklore from the time of the Nazi occupation of Belgrade that is an example both of political and urban creativity; humoristic and unheroic, it did not fit the folklore of resistance ideal even upon the end of the war. Such a corpus approach makes it possible to see the diachronic background of many contemporary examples and discover new sources of folklore in the less examined material. More importantly, the definitions of folklore themselves are tested by this approach (surely, along the lines of Popper’s criticism of “facts,” it is definitely not a “discovery,” but a re-evaluation of concepts before approaching the corpus). Finally, such analyses can be useful to historians too, because they reveal the hidden side of certain epochs and their mind-sets, as well as the genre conditionality of historical sources.

„Да се памти, че е женска работа“: Социокултурни параметри на менструацията в българската традиционна култура и фолклора

Author(s): Mila Bankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

This article aims to outline the main sociocultural aspects of menstruation in Bulgarian traditional culture and folklore. Menarche rituals and etiological legends about the womb’s creation and the menstruation are explored and analyzed in order to define folklore motifs and beliefs. The woman and her cyclicity is related to fertility in the human world. Both in legends and in menarche rituals, the womb and the menstruation are essential for arranging and preserving the dimension between order and chaos, for building a connection between heaven and earth. The magical power of woman's blood and body is included in the cultural system of the human world, but it also aims to achieve prosperity on other levels. This sacred and mysterious physiological process gives woman a special place, makes her wiser and more responsible for the common good.

Ива Кюркчиева. „Етнология и футбол“. София: Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“, 2020

Author(s): Stanoy Stanoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

Book review

Живот с реката: един пример от село Драганово

Author(s): Georgi Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

I explore the connections between a particular place that was created by a natural agent (the Yantra River) and an artificial object (the ‘buna’), and the activities by which local people gave the place a specific character. I highlight their past actions and experiences; remembering, recounting and evaluations in the present; the emotional attachment to the place and the ecological nostalgia after its ‘loss’ due to hydro technical intervention.

Превъплъщения на словото, прояви на фолклорното. Юбилеен сборник в чест на доц. д-р Стоянка Бояджиева. Съст. и ред. Вихра Баева, Валентина Ганева-Райчева, Вихра Барова, Мариянка Борисова, Николай Вуков.

Author(s): Stanoy Stanoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

Book review

ИЛЮСТРАЦИИ

Author(s): Rossen Malchev,Konstantin Rangochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

По дигиталните следи на (не)определимото смешно в ефир: странният случай на Божан Петров

Author(s): Lora Tarkoleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2023

The text explores the digital and documental traces of the journalist Bojan Petrov's on-air legacy, mainly left by his satirical column Fatherland Radio Review. The review was last broadcast on the Politically INcorrect show on the Horizont channel, BNR. There the review was broadcast 7 times from the creation of the programme until the death of its author, but it has a background in previous similar programmes.The analysis traces the problems of the genre definition of fun. Despite the immutable structure of the column and the original approach of the author, inexplicably different interpretations of Petrov's satire lead to its neglect and disappearance.

Употребите на експертното знание в телевизионната журналистика по време на кризи - погледът на експертите

Author(s): Elena Fuchedzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2023

The use of expert knowledge is an essential part of media communication, especially during crises. The text highlights basic concepts of expertise, knowledge and journalists' understanding of their usage in media. The text analyzes the point of view of experts towards the critical function of journalism in the recognition of expert knowledge and its dissemination. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with 7 experts who participated in interviews and television shows during various crises. The text is part of a dissertation on "Expert speaking during crises and the critical function of journalism".

Мястото на правата на човека и върховенството на правото в медийното отразяване на тероризма: сравнение между България и Германия (2009-2020)

Author(s): Bianka Bogoevska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2023

The analysis answers the question as to what extent the media in Bulgaria and Germany touched on human rights, rule of law and related concepts in the articles about terrorism published between 2009 and 2020. The aim is to explore the effect of the rise of ISIS in 2015 on the media discourses in both countries, and whether it spurred media securitisation of terrorism – namely, a lower proportion of articles that combine the concepts of terrorism and fundamental rights. The research has found that temporary media securitisation took place in Bulgaria, followed by desecuritisation, while in Germany there was an absolute and relative rise in the materials discussing human rights issues alongside terrorism.

Контекстът е важен за новините

Author(s): Maria Neikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2023

The monograph is an up-to-date, rich and valuable study of an issue that does not fall often into the focus of media attention. Important for the overall understanding of what is happening in the countries of the Western Balkans is the presentation of the political and public attitudes towards the EU and NATO. The key stages of the Euro-Atlantic integration of the six countries are presented.Desislava Sotirova presents the importance of reconciliation between countries, peoples and ethnic groups, highlights the role and meaning of good neighborliness and regional cooperation, cooperation with the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Tribunal for Kosovo. An important element is the external influence in the region of the Western Balkans, of Russia, China, Turkey and Saudi Arabia.The coverage of the Euro-Atlantic integration of the countries of the Western Balkans was studied through three public media – BNR, Deutsche Welle and BBC. Among the approaches identified by the author in the media coverage, the observation that after the interest has been attracted, the media focus on the internal development of the six countries and out of their interest remains the extent to which the EU and NATO are prepared to accept new members.

Фестивали, позоваващи се на традицията (Някои наблюдения на медийното им отразяване)

Author(s): Vladimir Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Fieldwork notes

Политическият виц през втората половина на XX век и днес

Author(s): Jaroslav Otčenášek / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Book review

Относно прилагането на Конвенцията за опазване на нематериалното културно наследство от 2003 г. (Конвенция 2003)

Author(s): Mila Santova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria

За Конвенцията

Author(s): Dina Koleva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria

Книги 2023

Author(s): Emiliya Voleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year.

The Ship of Salvation. Thematic Transfers in the Rhetoric and Iconography of the Orthodox Church in the Seventeenth Century

Author(s): Elisabeta Negrău / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

Plecând de la o scenă reprezentând Corabia creştinătăţii atacată de duşmanii credinţei, pictată în pridvorul bisericii din cimitirul mănăstirii Hurezi (1699), articolul urmăreşte dezvoltarea temei teologice şi iconografice a Bisericii ca Navă şi cercetează sursele pentru această reprezentare din biserica amintită. În scrierile patristice şi în iconografia bizantină şi medievală occidentală, tema ia forme specific confesionale (arca Petri sau barca Petri, în mediul catolic). În secolul al XVI-lea, pe fondul conflictului confesional catolico-protestant, polemicile încep să dea naştere unor imagini satirice ale unor lupte între două vase pe mare, ilustrând alegoric înfruntările dintre cele două puncte de vedere. Exprimate plastic prin tehnica gravurii, aceste imagini sunt o creaţie a mediului protestant german. În timp ce Contrareforma continuă să folosească motivul alegoric al vasului navigând pe mare ca reprezentare a Bisericii Catolice triumfătoare, mediul protestant dezvoltă o iconografie a Bisericii ca navă asediată pe mare de diverse categorii de duşmani: biserica papală, ereziarhi, evrei şi musulmani, personaje infame ale Apocalipsei. Tipărituri cu astfel de reprezentări ajung şi în estul Europei, inclusiv în mediul Lavrei Pecherska din Kyiv, care folosea surse vizuale germane pentru atelierul său de litografie. Pictorii, gravorii şi desenatorii ucraineni din a doua jumătate a secolului al XVII-lea preiau acest motiv, îl instrumetalizează ca alegorie a Bisericii Ortodoxe asediate şi îl exportă în spaţiile învecinate, în Valahia şi Rusia. Motivul pătrunde în paralel, tot la jumătatea secolului al XVII-lea, şi în lumea grecească, pe canale catolice. Mediul grecesc al Muntelui Athos, prin Nicodim Haghioritul, îl va include ca ilustraţie a Pidalionului (culegere de canoane), la sfârşitul secolului al XVIII-lea.

The Evolution of the Alba Iulia Jewish Community Reflected in Funerary Art: A Proposed Model for Researching Jewish Cemeteries.

Author(s): Daniel Dumitran,Sidonia Petronela Olea,Stoian Claudiu / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

Cimitirele evreiești sunt o prețioasă sursă de informație despre evoluția comunităților cărora acestea le-au aparținut, despre orientarea lor rituală, raportată la curentele iudaismului tradițional ori ale celui modern, și despre interferențele dintre evrei și creștini, mai ales atunci când investigația vizează arta funerară și structura epitafurilor. Exemplul cimitirului evreiesc din Alba Iulia se încadrează în cea de-a doua categorie, fiind vorba despre o comunitate cu o tradiție remarcabilă, fapt ce a și influențat adeziunea ei la orientarea ortodoxă, dar care a receptat în timp influențe de tip reformator, care au determinat atitudini mult mai deschise față de noile idei. Tocmai de aceea, perspectiva istorică din prima parte a studiului, care se bazează pe cele mai importante surse documentare identificate (planuri ale cimitirului și un registru vechi al înmormântărilor redactat în mai multe etape de comunitate), include exemplificări ale tendințelor de evoluție a comunității și de modificare a structurii epitafurilor ori a tipului monumentelor funerare de la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea. În schimb, analiza epigrafică și cea artistică, stilistică și tipologică din celelalte două părți ale articolului, pentru a fi convingătoare, sunt mai strict circumscrise, făcând referire la o selecție a pietrelor funerare datând din secolul al XVIII-lea și din prima jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea. Diferența tipologică și stilistică între cele din secolul al XVIII-lea, pentru care pot fi sesizate similarități cu pietre tombale din alte cimitire europene inventariate, și cel puțin unele dintre cele secolul al XIX-lea este evidentă. Forme baroce clare caracterizează unele dintre monumentele edificate spre mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea, iar cele neogotice pe cele de mai târziu, de la sfârșitul aceluiași secol, ceea ce probează serioase întârzieri în receptarea lor. Conținutul inscripțiilor s-a modificat și el în cea de-a doua perioadă, reflectând o mai mare sensibilitate în cazul epitafurilor dedicate defuncților copii, acestea fiind susținute și de delicatețea simbolurilor care însoțesc textul. Obiectivul articolului a fost cel de a evidenția, prin intermediul analizelor epigrafice și stilistice, măsura în care orientarea rituală a comunității a fost cea ortodoxă. Răspunsul la această întrebare este afirmativ, dacă avem în vedere perioada istorică de circa două secole și jumătate scursă de la constituirea comunității și până spre finele secolului al XIX-lea. Dar în ultimele decenii ale acestui secol au început să apară elemente care anunțau o diversificare a orientărilor, probată de profilul monumentelor funerare amplasate în această perioadă în sectorul istoric al cimitirului și al celor din celelalte sectoare ale sale.