Проблеми и перспективи пред проучването на „класическите“ старобългарски паметници

Author(s): Yavor Miltenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 59-60/2019

The study aims to address selected key issues concerning the characteristics and classification of the oldest Slavic manuscripts: what are the reasons for defining them as a corpus and canon, what new approaches could be used to retrieve previously unknown information from them, is it possible to objectively group them according to reliable criteria, to establish their relative chronology, provenance and the scribal practices that reproduced them. Scholars presume definitive answers to most of these questions, but the picture is actually much more complicated. This study offers a critical reassessment of the arguments underpinning shared assumptions in the field and the conventions on which our knowledge relies. It proposes new approaches to exploring manuscript peculiarities which have recived little attention so far, but which could expand and enrich our understanding of the particular monuments and of medieval Slavic written culture more broadly.

Климентина Иванова. Ръкописи. Автори. Творби. Kraków: Scriptum & IFS UJ, 2018, 563 с. (Krakowsko-Wileńskie Studia Slawistyczne, 14) ISBN 978-83-66084-15-5

Author(s): Aleksander Naumow / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 59-60/2019

Anissava Miltenova. South Slavonic Apocryphal Collections. Sofia: Iztok‒Zapad and Boyan Penev Publishing House, 2018. 327 pp. ISBN 978-619-7372-12-0, 978-619-01-0296-0

Author(s): Adelina Angusheva-Tihanov / Language(s): English Issue: 59-60/2019

Evelina Mineva. The Byzantine Hagiographic and Hymnographic Texts on St Parasceve of Epibatae. Pаrt One. The Byzantine Vita of St Parasceve of Epibatae or the Vita by „Vasilikos The Deacon“. Sofia: Publishing Centre „Boyan Penev“, 2017

Author(s): Maria Yovcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 59-60/2019

Мая Петрова-Танева. „Помощница на царете“: света императрица Теофана в южнославянската традиция. София: Издателски център „Боян Пенев“, 2018. 335 с. ISBN978-619-7372-16-8

Author(s): Ana Stoykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 59-60/2019

Три версии толкований Никиты Ираклийского к словам Григория Богослова

Author(s): Dmitrii M. Bulanin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 61-62/2020

This article compares three Slavonic versions of one and the same theological composition translated from the Greek: the commentaries by Nicetas of Heraclea, the prominent Byzantine exegete of the eleventh century, on the collection of sixteen homilies by Gregory the Theologian. The Slavonic text of the commentaries is known in three versions. Version (1) is abridged and the oldest of the three. It is considered an Old Russian translation and has entered the „Second Slavonic Edition“ of Gregory the Theologian’s collection of sixteen homilies. Version (2) is an extended version, produced by South Slavic writers in the fourteenth century, which appeared in the „Third South Slavonic Edition“ of Gregory’s collection. Version (3) is included in the „Third East Slavonic Edition.“ Its first half, related to Homilies 1–8, is almost identical to the corresponding part of version (2), while its second half (homilies 9–16) contains original Russian commentaries based on the old abridged translation, i.e. version (1), although the content has been considerably altered and expanded. All examples used to compare the three Slavonic versions are taken from Nicetas’ commentaries on one homily dedicated to Gregory of Nyssa. The article significantly corrects our traditional understanding of Gregory the Theologian’s Slavonic reception by proposing, for example, that version (2) is independent from version (1). The author draws his conclusions not only from comparing the texts themselves, but from analyzing the different functions assigned to each version, which, in the final analysis determined the textual discrepancies among them.This article compares three Slavonic versions of one and the same theological composition translated from the Greek: the commentaries by Nicetas of Heraclea, the prominent Byzantine exegete of the eleventh century, on the collection of sixteen homilies by Gregory the Theologian. The Slavonic text of the commentaries is known in three versions. Version (1) is abridged and the oldest of the three. It is considered an Old Russian translation and has entered the „Second Slavonic Edition“ of Gregory the Theologian’s collection of sixteen homilies. Version (2) is an extended version, produced by South Slavic writers in the fourteenth century, which appeared in the „Third South Slavonic Edition“ of Gregory’s collection. Version (3) is included in the „Third East Slavonic Edition“ Its first half, related to Homilies 1–8, is almost identical to the corresponding part of version (2), while its second half (homilies 9–16) contains original Russian commentaries based on the old abridged translation, i.e. version (1), although the content has been considerably altered and expanded. All examples used to compare the three Slavonic versions are taken from Nicetas’ commentaries on one homily dedicated to Gregory of Nyssa. The article significantly corrects our traditional understanding of Gregory the Theologian’s Slavonic reception by proposing, for example, that version (2) is independent from version (1). The author draws his conclusions not only from comparing the texts themselves, but from analyzing the different functions assigned to each version, which, in the final analysis determined the textual discrepancies among them.

Translation Errors in the Slavonic Version of Athanasius’ Orations against the Arians

Author(s): Viacheslav V. Lytvynenko / Language(s): English Issue: 61-62/2020

This study seeks to shed light on errors made when translating into Slavonic from oral recitations of Greek texts and, more broadly, to contribute to a discussion about the typology of errors in Slavonic translations. It offers a catalogue of 95 translation errors in the Slavonic version of the Orations against the Arians. More often than not these errors appear to be the result of mishearing, creating the impression that the translator was working from recitations rather than from a written source. Establishing the real nature of these errors requires a closer study of each individual case as well as an analysis of their pattern of recurrence in all four Orations.

Хроника Георгия Амартола в Книге Иаков Жидовин

Author(s): Tetjana Leonidovna Vilkul / Language(s): Russian Issue: 61-62/2020

The Chronicle of George Hamartolos in the Book of Yakov Zhidovin.

Средновековният славянски текст на Acta Thomae Minora

Author(s): Andrej Boyadzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 61-62/2020

This article offers an edition and a preliminary study of the Slavonic text of Acta Thomae Minora (BHG 1833). As the study reveals, both the Greek and Slavonic versions of the text belong to the so-called open textual traditions. For that reason, we publish the Greek and the Slavonic texts in a parallel edition. The Slavonic witnesses are closer to the Greek copies C and N than to copy M. From the two Slavonic copies, T follows the Greek traditions more closely. The witness Und. 543 represents a compilation that is distinct from all other copies and should be studied and edited separately. The two Slavonic witnesses published here, T and Л, represent two independent translations from Greek. They originated, in all probability, during the Old Bulgarian period, in the tenth or eleventh century. Later, in the thirteenth or fourteenth century, both versions were reedited, introducing new linguistic features.

Поетичният език на календарните стихове като предизвикателство за българските и сръбските средновековни преводачи

Author(s): Lora Taseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 61-62/2020

This article focuses on two Byzantine cycles of commemorative verses for saints and their feasts, adopted in translation for medieval South Slavic use. The author analyzes several fourteenth-century translations: one Bulgarian and one Serbian version of the calendar distichs by Christopher of Mytilene, and a Serbian translation of the tetrastichs on Gospel topics by Theodore Prodromos. The texts are compared with respect to the way they render stylistically marked linguistic peculiarities of the original. The analysis concludes that medieval Slavic translators, more often than not, understood the poetic nature of the original texts and strove to recreate it. They often preserved repetitions, antitheses and syntactical parallelisms but rarely reproduced compound words. The approach to formal peculiarities of the Byzantine original differs from translator to translator, revealing important characteristics of individual translation styles.

Три чудотворни икони в Зографския манастир

Author(s): Georgi Parpulov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 61-62/2020

The library of Zographou, the Bulgarian monastery on Mount Athos, holds nearly four hundred Slavonic manuscripts. The one currently numbered 263 was copied in AD 1785 and describes, among other things, the miracles worked by three icons which continue to be venerated at the monastery. Two of these icons depict St George, the third one shows the Virgin and Child. The eighteenth-century tales about them are published below.

In memoriam: Проф. Боряна Велчева (1932–2020)

Author(s): Tatyana Slavova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 61-62/2020

Александр Наумов. Идея – образ – текст. Исследования по церковнославянской литературе. Ответственные редакторы М. Живова, К. Станчев, С. Темчинас. Москва: Индрик, 2020. 248 с. (Серия „Slavia Christiana: язык – текст – образ“). ISBN 978-5-91674-575-7

Author(s): Mariya Yovcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 61-62/2020

Вѣнецъ хваленїѧ. Studia ofiarowane profesorowi Aleksandrowi Naumowowi na jubileusz 70-lecia. Pod red. Marzanny Kuczyńskiej. Białystok: Fundacja “Oikonomos”, 2019. 301 pp. (Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej, 10). ISSN 2082-9299

Author(s): Małgorzata Skowronek / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 61-62/2020

Бойка Мирчева. Успение Кирилово в южнославянската православна традиция. София: Българска академия на науките – Кирило-Методиевски научен център, 2019. 244 с. (Кирило-Методиевски студии, 28. Кирило-Методиевски извори, 3). ISBN 978-954-9787-39-9

Author(s): Krassimir Stantchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 61-62/2020

Към проучването на раннохристиянския балкански светителски репертоар: Свeщеномъченик Астий Дирахийски (Драчки)

Author(s): Mariya Yovcheva / Language(s): Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian Issue: 63-64/2021

This article presents a complete account of the various types of Byzantine and Slavonic evidence (liturgical texts, iconography, archaeological data) of the veneration of the Early Christian Balkan Hieromartyr St Astius of Dyrrhachium (early second century AD). The primary sources outline two directions in the development of his cult: as a bishop saint and as a martyr. In the local tradition with a centre in Dyrrhachium, observed in the iconography, in the acolouthia by the bishop of Dyrrhachium Jacob (issued in 1918 in Constantinople) and in medieval documents, he was predominantly venerated as a bishop saint, the successor to the See of the legendary Holy Apostle Caesar. There, over the centuries, St. Astius formed the couple bishop-deacon, significant for Christianity, with St. Isauros the Deacon (who died in Apollonia of Illyria, 283–284), whose relics were transferred to Dyrrhachium. The second direction in the development of the cult of St Astius focused on his martyrdom and is mainly maintained in Byzantine liturgical books originating from Constantinople: 1) Synaxaria, where three versions of his vita are distributed, 2) Menaia with an office for this saint by Joseph the Hymnographer (ninth century), based on the synaxarion text; 3) Church Typica (Оld Sabaitic redaction, presented in Cod. Sinait. gr. 1096, twelfth century, and the Typicon of the Monastery of the Theotokos Evergetis, Cod. Athen. gr. 778, early twelfth century) and isolated calendars of manuscript Gospels. Such distribution of liturgical texts regarding St. Astius is also found in Slavonic literature, where his veneration is repeatedly occurring in various versions of the Synaxarion (Prolog) (in the Non-versified Prolog, in the Serbian version of the Verse Prolog of the fourteenth century and in the Extended Non-versified Prolog; his name appeared only in the verses of the Tărnovo version of the fourteenth-century Verse Prolog). The saint is also mentioned in five calendars of West-Bulgarian and Serbian Gospels and Apostles; still, it remains unclear as to whether it occurs there under the influence of the local cult in the area of Dyrrhachium, or of a Constantinopolitan source. The article deals with a previously unknown translation of the Office for St Astius by Joseph the Hymnographer, made in the thirteenth century in one of the East Bulgarian literary centres (probably in the capital city of Tărnovo). The hymnographic text is published based on the only known copy in the Second Menaion of Dobrian, a Bulgarian thirteenth-century manuscript (Оdessa National Scientific Library, No. 1/5).

„Тимотеевото“ мъчение на св. Марина в южнославянските ръкописи: По следите на един текст с глаголически първообраз и отворена традиция

Author(s): Maya Petrova-Taneva / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian Issue: 63-64/2021

The article introduces to scholarship an unknown version of the Passion of St. Marina, preserved in the South Slavic manuscripts. This text undoubtedly represents an early Slavic translation (initially written in Glagolitic script) from a hitherto unknown original, probably a branch of the tradition of the so-called Passion of St. Marina by Theotimus (BHG 1165‒1167), but significantly shortened, devoid of the most fantastic moments and containing specific characteristics, e.g. the author's name is Timotheus (instead of Theotimus), the title of the saint’s torturer Olybrius is praepositus, and others. The version is found in Croatian Glagolitic fragments and in several Serbian copies from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century (most of them also in fragments). A comparison of the copies of the so-called Passion of St. Marina, on the one hand, testifies that they undoubtedly ascend to a common protograph, and on the other, reveals the great variability of the text typical of works with long manuscript transmissions and especially of those that become part of the low-level literature. On the basis of the available source material, it seems most likely that this Passion was translated from Greek by the disciples of Cyril and Methodius in Bulgaria. The text displays interesting lexical and grammatical features, only part of which being marked and analysed here. An edition of the earlier of the two preserved complete copies is provided (MS 219 from the Patriarchal Library in Belgrade from 1381).

Чудесата на архангелите в манастира Дохиар: Текстове и изображения

Author(s): Ivanka Gergova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 63-64/2021

The legendary story of the Athonite Dochiariou Monastery is associated with the protection and help of the Holy archangels. The body of narratives has continued to grow over time to take on its final form in the early sixteenth century. The earliest extant texts are Slavonic translations associated with the pen of Vladislav the Grammarian (the second half of the fifteenth century). A bilingual (in Greek and Slavonic) manuscript of the late fifteenth century is kept at Dochiariou, providing an account of the miracles worked by the archangels at the monastery. Versions of the Dochiariou legends were gaining currency in Russia to be included in the reading menaia, synaxaria and panegyrika. Thesaurus by Damascenus Studites played a significant role in the popularity of the miracles. Proskynetarion of 1843, published in Dochiariou, gave a detailed account of the miracles.The earliest representations of the Dochiariou miracles have been lost, though there are written records of their existence of the fourteenth century. The full cycle of the miracles is illustrated at the catholicon of Dochiariou as well as at the refectory and on the phiale. The monastery published also a series of prints circulating the main scenes of the Dochiariou cycle and rendering them generally available.The earliest in Bulgaria illustration of the miracle with the boy rescued from drowning is at the Church of the Nativity in Arbanassi (1640s). Three of the scenes from the cycle occur on a series of icons of the Archangel Michael with scenes of the miracles of the archangels painted in the late eighteenth and throughout the nineteenth centuries. An analysis showed that they had been inspired by Damascenus Studites’s Thesaurus. The murals at two churches within the complex of Bachkovo Monastery (of the Holy Archangels and the church of the same name in Kluviata locality) include cycles of scenes of the Dochiariou miracles, modelled on a 1809 Dochiariou print. The emblematic scene depicting the rescue of the boy from the waves is found on iconostases painted by masters from Debar in the late nineteenth-century Bulgaria’s northwest. A woodcarver, possibly coming from Debar too, sculpted the episode of translating the treasure at the church of the village of Teshevo, the region of Gotse Delchev.

За Златната верига и За степените на брака

Author(s): Antoaneta Granberg,William R. Veder / Language(s): Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian Issue: 63-64/2021

The 14th c. Bulgarian compilation Golden Chain contains versions of texts from five centuries. This paper identifies the text of units 320–340 in the Golden Chain as a faithful translation from the Syntagma of Matthew Blastares, the Greek text of which is dated to 1335: it is an excerpt from its section 2 (Β), chapter 8 (Η), on the degrees of consanguinity and affinity and forbidden and permitted marriages. The excerpt covers in full roughly the first half of chapter 8, leaving out the second half devoted to marriages among three lineages. The text is presented in a lineated collation of the Greek source text with two copies of the Slavonic translation which are shown to be transcriptions of one antigraph written in Glagolitic. It is the first reliable example of transcription Cyrillic → Glagolitic (the closed tradition of the translation of the Syntagma shows no trace of Glagolitic). Why such intervention was imposed cannot as yet be explained.

Езикът на отрицанието срещу дуалистичните ереси (по материал от славянския превод на Паноплия Догматика на Евтимий Зигавин)

Author(s): Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 63-64/2021

This article analyses some of the most important semantic fields of vocabulary, which form an evaluative attitude towards the dualistic heresies. The main source are the titles against the Iconoclasts, the Armenians, the Paulicians, and the Massalians in the Slavic translation of Panoplia Dogmatica by Euthymius Zigabenos, preserved only in the manuscript BAR Ms. slav. 296 from the Library of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest. The title against the Manicheans in manuscript HM.SMS 186 from the collection of the Chilandari Monastery on Mt Athos and the title against the Bogomils according to the edition of M. Popruzhenko (1899) are added as well. The aim is to summarize the means used for the creation of a negative image of heresies through language. The methods of selective lexical excerption and lexical-semantic analysis are applied. The core and the periphery of the nomination reflect such moral concepts that make heresies a category of culture. The lexicon against the other, the non-Orthodox, includes: lexemes marks for negative moral qualities – lie, hypocrisy, moral baseness, impiety, ungodliness, confusion, folly, debauchery; lexemes for nonverbal gestures; connotative periphrases; idioms and paroemias. In this way, the medieval anti-heretical polemic participates in the linguo-cultural conceptualisation of otherness.