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A tale of reviews in two history of science journals

Author(s): Richard L. Kremer / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

This paper examines the role of book reviews in the discipline of the history of science by comparing their appearance in two periodicals, Isis, the flagship journal of the discipline that was founded in 1913, and the Journal for the History of Astronomy, founded in 1970 to serve a newly emerging, specialized subfield within the broader discipline.Our analysis of the reviews published in selected slices of time finds differing norms and reviewing practices within the two journals. Despite important changes during the past century in the conceptualization of the history of science and its research methods, reviewing practices in Isis remained remarkably consistent over time, with reviewers generally defending a fixed set of norms for “good” scholarship. More change appears in reviews of the Journal for the History of Astronomy, as its audience shifted from a mix of the laity, working astronomers, and historians to a specialized group of professional historians of astronomy. Scholarly norms, reflected in the reviews, shifted with these changes in readership.We conclude that book reviews offer rich sources for analyzing the evolution of scholarly disciplines and norms.

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De extraterrestres, vírgenes y dictadura. "Del cosmos las quieren vírgenes" y la dimensión cultural de las palabras

Author(s): Marcos Arcaya Pizarro / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 38/2023

Based on a socio-critical analysis, this article aims to highlight ideological dominants articulated in Del cosmos las quieren vírgenes (1977) by E. Aldunate (1925-2005). For this purpose, the sociality transcoded in the textualization, particularly in its incipit, is questioned. In our proposal plays a primordial role the question (with unpublished accent) for the dictatorial sociohistorical context (1973-1990) in the dynamics that the text articulates, including the collective subject that conforms the text. Without to close the text to other readings and without ignoring the existence of nuances or denying productive contradictions, it is concluded that the novel studied in its ideological dominants refracts the out-of-text, giving priority to a positioning as a device in line with to the civil-military dictatorship.

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EFFETS DE LA CHARGE AFFECTIVE DES MOTS ET DE LA PRESENCE D’UNE ILLUSTRATION SUR LA LECTURE ET LE RAPPEL D’UN RECIT DE PRESSE DRAMATIQUE PORTANT SUR LES VIOLENCES SCOLAIRES

Author(s): Nadia KRACHAI,Denis Legros / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the presence and place of the illustration on the reading, comprehension and retrieval of a journalistic text describing a dramatic news item. The text may be presented either in an emotionally loaded version, displaying a strong affective intensity of the words (T1), or in a neutral version (T2), with low affective intensity. The participants read one of the two texts on an eye tracker, accompanied by the image placed before the text (G1), after the text (G2) or with no image included. They retrieve the text using an electronic pen, and the production timeframes are recorded. The results show that retrievals vary according to the emotional load of the words, as well as according to the place of the image.

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ЗАКОН НОВОГ БРДА И ВИЗАНТИЈСКО ПРАВО

Author(s): Miloš Ivanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 60/1/2023

The paper analyzes how the Byzantine law influenced The Town Law of Novo Brdo, which represents the second part of Despot Stefan Lazarević’s Novo Brdo Legal Code of 1412. A possible connection between the town law of Novo Brdo and certain provisions of The Syntagma of Matthew Blastares and one of the privileges that the town of Ioannina received from the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II in 1319 is suggested. Accordingly, it is assumed that certain provisions of the Town Law of Novo Brdo could have been formulated during the reign of Emperor Stefan Dušan.

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Tin Ujević (1891-1955) und die Avantgarde

Author(s): Marina Protrka Štimec / Language(s): German Issue: 32/2023

Tin Ujević, der wohl bedeutendste Dichter der klassischen Moderne in Kroatien, stand zu Lebzeiten und in der späteren Rezeption in einem spannungsvollen Verhältnis zur Avantgarde. Der poetologische Wandel und die Schwankungen beim Einsatz avantgardistischer Mittel führten i.d.R. zu dem Schluss, es ginge bei Ujević lediglich um Elemente, Phasen oder Teilaneignungen der Avantgarde. Betont wird im vorliegenden Beitrag hingegen der umfassende Charakter von Ujevićs Eingriff ins literarische Feld, sein revolutionärer Bruch im Verhältnis zu den Kategorien Mimesis, Subjektivität und Linearität – lesbar als implizite Antwort auf die theoretische Debatte über die Wiederholbarkeit der Avantgarde.

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Războiul de pe Nistru din 1992 în dramaturgia contemporană din Republica Moldova

Author(s): Dorina Khalil-Butucioc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

Bessarabian playwrights, at the turn of the centuries, addressed several taboo subjects, such as it was and still is the Dniester War of 1992. However, the evocation of this event that has already become history served as the pre/subtext of the following dramatic texts: Saxofonul cu frunze roșii/Saxophone with red leaves by Val Butnaru, staged at ”Luceafărul” Theater (1998); the plays by C. Cheianu Noi/We, staged at ”Luceafărul” Theater (1994), and Ţara asta a uitat de Noi…/This country has forgotten us…, at the National Theater ”Satiricus I. L. Caragiale” (2011); Fata cea mută a început să vorbească/The dumb girl started talking by D. Crudu, Teatrul Radiofonic România (2013); Tără(z)boi by Mariana Starciuc staged in Satu Mare, Iasi, Piatra Neamţ (2018); Valsul Tancurilor/Tanks’ Waltz by Irina Nechit staged at the National Theater ”Satiricus I.L. Caragiale” (2020). The scenes of the texts, written in different registers, alternate from deep drama to overwhelming tragedy, the amalgam of realism and fiction being, however, nuanced. Of an overwhelming topicality, these dramatic works are not only chronicles, but also open files in which the characters play the role of participants, witnesses, prosecutors, lawyers, executors. Thus, these plays are a true history lesson provoking the touching of sensitive chords and reviving the memory of present and future generations.

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Doświadczenie traumy a perspektywa zwierzęca. Wokół opowiadań Lwy Iwana Ptasznikaua i Pies Idy Fink

Author(s): Beata Siwek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The main purpose of the article is to show the traumatic experiences (the Chernobyl tragedy, the Holocaust) from the animal perspective. To achieve this goal, two prose texts have been compared. Although the texts differ in their narrative strategies, both place an animal protagonist in the center. In the stories Lions by the Belarusian prose writer Ivan Ptasznikau and The Dog written by an Israeli writer of Polish origin, Ida Fink, the animal goes through a painful experience that is close to a human one. These texts fall within the context of the so-called posthumanistics, emphasizing the collectivity of the human and animal lives.

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На зламі епох та ідеологій. Рефлексія Лесі Українки в ХХ столiттi

Author(s): Yaroslav Polishchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2024

The article discusses the phenomenon of Lesya Ukrainka on the background of the leading ideologies of the 20th century. Ukrainka’s early works were influenced by folklore. Her later works became not only a challenge to the folklore-like and didactic culture but also a shift towards modernist aesthetics, which at the time gained popularity in Europe. The reception of Lesya Ukrainka was subordinated to the nationalist, communist or liberal ideology during the 20th century. The modern interpretations of her works rely heavily on the experience of previous readings.

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Сакральна фразеологія діалектного мовлення

Author(s): Zoriana Matsiuk,Mariia Fenko,Natalia Kovalenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2024

In this article the nature of sacredness of areal units has been revealed. Extensive attention has been devoted to the importance of researching the images of folk speech as a cohesive linguistic microsystem. It has been mentioned that the verbal symbolism of phraseological units reflects material and spiritual life. Phraseological units concentrate the images that a person makes, reflecting the national worldview, which is one of the most important parameters of the description of mentality and individual or group picture of the world. The phraseological composition of the language reproduces the peculiarities of the worldview and identity of the native people. Peculiarities of representation of mythological culture in areal phraseology of the Ukrainian language are analyzed; the peculiarities and prospects of research of the sacred phraseological unit as a socially, culturally, nationally marked phenomenon of linguistic nature are clarified. It is noted that the image of the sacred is created through the characteristics of the sacred subject, sacred object, sacred action, sacred time, sacred space. The field of sacred phraseology has been revealed, the motivational-symbolic description and the analysis of functional-semantic meanings are carried out. One of the aspects of reflecting the phraseological mythological worldview of the Ukrainians has been analyzed, in particular the peculiarities of the representation of ideas about a demonological being – the “devil” in areal speech. It has been revealed that the demonological world of Ukrainian mythology is the most ambiguous and the least studied element of the folk worldview.

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Професорският роман – едно ново явление в българската литература

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Професорският роман – едно ново явление в българската литература

Author(s): Milena Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article presents a phenomenon that until now has not been the subject of an independent and systematic study in Bulgarian literary studies. Tracing the development of the Bulgarian novel over the last three decades, it brings out the presence of a relatively homogeneous group of works that share common literary characteristics and ways of communicating with the reading audience. Systematizing and summarizing observations on more than ten novels published by contemporary Bulgarian writers, all of them university professors, the paper defines several specific features that are common to them. The phenomenon of the Professorenroman is examined briefly in the historical context of its emergence in the 19 th century, and in more detail as an effect and consequence of the development of Postmodernism in Bulgaria since the end of the 20 th century. Novels published most recently, including in 2022, are in focus.

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Czasopisma popularnonaukowe dla dzieci w latach 1945–1989

Author(s): Renata M. Zając / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2014

The Author’s extended research shows that among 71 magazines issued between 1945– –1989 seven (9.8%) were dedicated directly to children or children and adolescents: “ABC Horyzontów Techniki dla Dzieci” (1963–1964), “ABC Techniki” (1964–1991), “Horyzonty Techniki dla Dzieci” (1957–1970), “Kalejdoskop Techniki” (1971–1990), “Mała Delta” (1981–1983), “Młody Technik InforMik” (1987–1989), “Szkiełko i Oko” (1983–1990). The article presents the formal features of the studied group of magazines (frequency, lasting, publishers, addressees, structure, circulation, layout), as well as its content and informative value (program, specialization, way of understanding the popularization task) of individual titles. Based on the analysis of the divisions and their functions, text typology, and graphic layout of individual titles the Author had created a model of a typical in that times popular science magazine for children.

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Pokłosie Skargowskie: „książki polskie” o św. Kazimierzu Jagiellończyku (na tropach druku i egzemplarza)

Author(s): Jan Okoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2013

The subject of attention as well as the bibliographic and librarian inquiry is the first biography of Saint Casimir that was written in Polish. The Saint was mentioned by Piotr Skarga in the seventh edition of Lives of the Saints (Krakow 1610) when the author incorporated his own biography of St. Casimir into the collection. Skarga also added information that this biography written in Polish was published in 1606. Thanks to this information, bibliographers managed to establish that the print was published in Vilnius and that its author was Chryzostom Wołodkowicz (Wołodkiewicz), as was believed – a soldier of the military commandeer Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, later a writer of Samogitia. The information was most fully popularized by Bibliografia polska (Polish bibliography) by Karol Estreicher (vol. 33, published by Stanisław Estreicher, Krakow 1939). However, the print was only known by its title, and its copy had not been described. The author of the article investigated the history of the information about the print and established that it was first mentioned by bibliographers and Jesuit heraldic officers in the 17th and 18th centuries (Wojciech Wijuk Kojałowicz and especially Kasper Niesiecki). Following this path, the author assumed that the copy should be in Lviv or one of its neighbouring cities. His intuition was rewarded and the copy was found in the Lviv library. As a result, the author described the copy and on its basis corrected the information about its author.

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Konferencja naukowa „Działalność oficyn wydawniczych... na rzecz edukacji, szkolnictwa i oświaty w XIX i XX wieku” (Łódź, 15–16 października 2012 roku)

Author(s): Adam Ruta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2013

W dniach 15 i 16 października 2012 r. odbyła się w Łodzi Konferencja naukowa „Działalność oficyn wydawniczych na rzecz edukacji, szkolnictwa i oświaty w XIX i XX wieku” zorganizowana przez Katedrę Historii Wychowania i Pedeutologii Wydziału Nauk o Wychowaniu Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego pod patronatem Komitetu Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN oraz Towarzystwa Historii Edukacji. Było to już trzecie spotkanie badaczy zajmujących się problematyką dziejów oświaty i wychowania, prasoznawców oraz bibliologów. Poprzednie dwie konferencje pod wspólnym hasłem „Czasopiśmiennictwo XIX i XX wieku jako źródło do dziejów szkolnictwa, oświaty i edukacji” odbyły się w 2009 i 2011 r

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Interlingvistilise tõlke roll ja osakaal lavastuses: Tom Stoppardi “Leopoldstadt”

Author(s): Raili Lass / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 20/2023

This article is a case study of an English-Estonian interlingual translation of Tom Stoppard’s “Leopoldstadt” and the Estonian stage production of the same play. The analysis uses material translation theory in the context of drama translation, approaching the stage production as a semiosphere, i.e., a temporally and spatially limited sphere where meaning is constructed in communication among different sign systems. The analysis is constructed similarly to the translational process: first, we analyse the English-language play as a source text (keeping in mind that this, too, is the result of intertextual translational processes). Second, we will analyse the English-Estonian interlingual translation by Kalle Hein. Third, we will analyse the intersemiotic translation of the stage production in Vanemuine (staged by Tiit Palu, premiered in September 2023). Lastly, we will revisit the interlingual translation to see if different phrasing of the same thought could have any effect on the end result, and vice versa: could the stage production and mise-en-scène, i.e., the interplay of different meaning-making systems and theatrical signs have an effect on the interlingual translation? The main objective of this analysis is to offer drama translators insight about the life span of a translated play to enable more meaningful choices in their translations.

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Русская литературная собака (Материалы к биографическому словарю)

Author(s): Alexander L. Sobolev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2023

This unconventional dictionary, having over 100 entries, is the first attempt ever to list dogs that belonged to Russian turn-of-the-century and 20th-century writers (for example, Alexander Blok, Anton Chekhov, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Maximilian Voloshin, etc.).

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Маргиналии к Маршаку

Author(s): Georgiy A. Levinton / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2023

The article is an attempt to find, in Soviet poetry exemplified by poetry for children, reminiscences and allusions to classical or modernist poetry. Thus, Marshak’s typically Soviet propagandist poem “Nash gerb” (“Our Coat of Arms”) is traced back to Cherubina de Gabriac's poem of the same title. Children’s verse by Marshak, as well as some lyrical and satirical poetry, comprise the main material of the paper. Some examples of Marshak’s influence on posterior Russian poetry are analyzed.

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Zénó Vernyik, Cities of Saviors. Urban Space in E. E. Cummings’ Complete Poems

Author(s): Lívia Klára Szélpál / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Review of: Zénó Vernyik, Cities of Saviors. Urban Space in E. E. Cummings’ Complete Poems, 1904-1962 and Peter Ackroyd’s Hawksmoor. AMERICANA eBOOKS, University of Szeged, 2015, 170 pages

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Reflexia kauzy Hany Ponickej v exilových periodikách

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Reflexia kauzy Hany Ponickej v exilových periodikách

Author(s): Mária Stanková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

This study examines the portrayal of Hana Ponická in 1977 by Czech and Slovak exile periodicals. The objective is to identify the differences in reporting between the official media and the exile media regarding Hana Ponická’s expulsion from the Slovak Writers’ Union and its impact on the cultural life. The present study utilises content analysis and complex semantic-pragmatic interpretation of texts to examine news and journalistic texts from exile periodicals reporting on Hana Ponická between 1977-1979. These texts are then compared with Ladislav Považský’s pamphlet published in Pravda.

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Susreti sa ksenotkivom

Author(s): Simon Ryle / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2023

This essay introduces the concept “xenoflesh” with reference to three recent celebrated novels that are concerned with the consumption of meat: Joseph D’Lacey’s Meat (2008), J. M. Coetzee’s Elizabeth Costello (2003), and Han Kang’s The Vegetarian (2007). The essay shows xenoflesh in these novels to be a troubling encounter with abject corporeal matter. Interrogating the classical distinction between bios and zoē (political and “bare life”) described by Giorgio Agamben, the essay theorizes xenoflesh as an unspeakable and occluded form of corporeality that is violently excluded from discourse by infrastructures and epistemes of meat consumption. The essay shows how industrial farming and meat constitute a fundamental mode of enforcing this division of the flesh across various economic and cultural spheres, and demonstrates how even in recent materialist philosophy meat functions as one of the most deeply inscribed modes of silencing the uncanny call of xenoflesh. Drawing from Deleuze’s concept of “aesthetic sensation”, the chapter shows how disorienting encounters with xenoflesh in D’Lacey’s, Coetzee’s and Han’s novels exemplify an emergent political and ethical poetics of the flesh.

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Co je konceptuální literatura? Úvod k textu Pascala Mougina

Author(s): Julie Koblížková Wittlichová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 69/2024

The article by Pascal Mougin, a French literary scholar, delves into the concept of "conceptual literature" within the broader context of the relationship between literature and contemporary art. Mougin contrasts the modernist focus on form and autonomy with the contemporary shift towards intermediality and conceptualism. He discusses the influence of American art critic Clement Greenberg and the evolution of artistic practices from the 1960s onwards. Mougin identifies four pathways for conceptual literature, examining its connections to modernist and contemporary paradigms. He critiques the notion of "literature with constraints" and explores the integration of conceptual art principles into literary texts. The article highlights the unique synthesis of appropriation and constraint in contemporary conceptual writing, emphasizing its departure from traditional literary values. Mougin's work underscores the nuanced and multifaceted nature of conceptual literature, advocating for a critical examination of its various manifestations.

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