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Безличные конструкции типа нѣтъ воды в языке русских северо-западных летописных и бытовых памятников ХII–ХVI вв.

Author(s): Kira Zhuravleva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

The article is devoted to impersonal sentences with form of the genitive case in the language of Old Russian Northwestern monuments. A total of 204 sentences were analyzed, of which only 5 do not contain negation. As a result, the semantics of predicates in constructions of this type are described, statistics concerning the peculiarities of the use of forms of moods and tenses is presented. The use of the lexeme нѣтъ (acting in the function ‘there is no’ in the present tense) and its variants in impersonal constructions are analyzed. It is revealed that constructions without negation function in two types – dialectal northwestern construction with the verb быти and constructions with full-valued verbs.

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(Nie)równoległe narracje biograficzne o parach małżeńskich...  w kronice Thietmara z Merseburga i polskich średniowiecznych tekstach kronikarskich

(Nie)równoległe narracje biograficzne o parach małżeńskich... w kronice Thietmara z Merseburga i polskich średniowiecznych tekstach kronikarskich

Author(s): Joanna Godlewicz-Adamiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

The genre of the medieval written biography is an understudied area of research, although a broader understanding of the concept of biographical fiction makes it possible to identify biographical features in a large proportion of late antique and mediaeval writings. The article presents a literary and cultural comparative analysis of biographical narratives about selected married couples (Dobrawa and Mieszko I, Emnilda and Bolesław Chrobry, Rycheza of Lorraine and Mieszko II) in the chronicles of Thietmar of Merseburg and mediaeval Polish chronicle works. The author seeks to answer the question of the existence of (non-)parallel biographical narratives and possible reasons for it.

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Obraz Niemca w oczach Polaka, obraz Polaka w oczach Niemca... Studium nad staropolskimi traktatami kosmologicznymi przełomu XV i XVI wieku

Obraz Niemca w oczach Polaka, obraz Polaka w oczach Niemca... Studium nad staropolskimi traktatami kosmologicznymi przełomu XV i XVI wieku

Author(s): Robert K. Zawadzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

In this article the author discusses scientific and cultural Polish-German relations at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. These considerations are based on the old Polish cosmographers: Wojciech of Brudzew, Jan of Głogów, Wawrzyniec Korwin and Jan of Stobnica. These works show that German scholars were regarded as scientific authorities and were an inspiration and source of knowledge for Polish scholars. However, the cosmological treatise by Jan of Głogów shows that Poles associated Germans with vice and crime, as evidenced by the example of Pontius Pilate, the governor of Judea, who was attributed German origins. The picture of Germans and their lands painted by Old-Polish cosmographers is apparently based on ancient and later authors, especially Solinus, Strabon and Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini. Significant excerpts from these works were also made available to Polish readers to show them a multifaceted panorama of the Germanic lands. Wawrzyniec Korwin’s treatise also contains the opinions of Germans about Poland and Poles. The western neighbors of Poland–Lithuania were particularly keen on Cracow and its famous university and academic staff. The two nations were undeniably fascinated by each other’s science.

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O „duchowej ojczyźnie” Marcela Reicha-Ranickiego

O „duchowej ojczyźnie” Marcela Reicha-Ranickiego

Author(s): Dorota Szczęśniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

The aim of this paper is to present a profile of literary critic Marcel Reich-Ranicki (1920–2013), who lived on the borderland of three cultures: Polish, Jewish, and German. The paper attempts to reconstruct the main phases of Reich-Ranicki’s life in Poland, including an analysis of the critic’s interests and opinions about Polish literature, as well as his concept of a ‘spiritual homeland’.The status of M. Reich is studied in relation to the category of the alien commonly encountered in the discourse of the humanities. Reich’s strangeness is presented in three dimensions: space, culture and mentality. The paper also proves that it was the trauma of the Holocaust that had exerted the major impact on Reich-Ranicki’s personal memories and accounts.

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Poeta pojednania. O twórczości Ernsta Josefa Krzywona

Poeta pojednania. O twórczości Ernsta Josefa Krzywona

Author(s): Edward Białek,Justyna Radłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

This article presents key motifs in the lyrical works of Ernst Josef Krzywon, a German poet, literary historian. and translator of Polish literature. Krzywon was an intellectual of Upper Silesian origin, who struggled with the conditions of a double biography, enhanced by the so-called great history of belonging to two cultural circles. Both in his poetry and in his scientific works and essays, the author born in Rokitnica (a historical part of Zabrze), tries to face the challenge of presenting the cultural heritage of Upper Silesians as the product of meetings between representatives of several nations – as a common work of the German and Slavic peoples. Our article analyzes the main topic of his poems: the multiracial character of the region and its consequences for the individual – especially the necessity to look for national identity in the area between two cultures and two (or even three) languages.

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Kosmopolska Artura Beckera – przestrzeń otwarta...,  przestrzeń poszukiwania własnej tożsamości

Kosmopolska Artura Beckera – przestrzeń otwarta..., przestrzeń poszukiwania własnej tożsamości

Author(s): Joanna Gospodarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

As a Polish writer of German-language works, Artur Becker sees his work and his biography in his self-narrative at the interface of the German language he chose and the Polish culture and language he abandoned due to his emigration to Germany. His novels address the crisis of identity and the search for identity of his characters in exile or on their return to their homeland of Warmia and Masuria. Becker’s collection of essays, published in Polish under the title Kosmopolska i Kosmopolacy. W poszukiwaniu europejskiego domu. Eseje (2019), is also a discourse on the search for identity. The article is an attempt to characterise the Becker’s definition of the term Kosmopolska, which incidentally comes from another émigré writer, A. Bobkowski. Kosmopolska turns out to be an open space, constructed narratively, that is a space of searching for and creating one’s identity in narrative and through language. This form of defining identity is part of P. Ricoeur’s and Ch. Taylor’s concepts of narrative identity. At each stations of the journey through Kosmopolska, Becker explains the many cultural patterns and codes rooted in Polish identity, but also shares his advice, literary experts, and thus becomes a mediator between cultures.

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Rzeczywistość i fikcja. Postacie Polaków i Niemców w prozie Magdaleny Parys

Rzeczywistość i fikcja. Postacie Polaków i Niemców w prozie Magdaleny Parys

Author(s): Grażyna Barbara Szewczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

The article presents the Trylogia Berlińska [The Berlin Trilogy] by Magdalena Parys, a Polish writer living in Berlin. The series consists of three thrillers (Tunel, 2011; Magik, 2014; Biała Rika, 2016 [Tunnel, Magician, White Rika]) which critics have described as „political thrillers”. In the multi-threaded plots, set both in the contemporary and historical realities (World War II and the immediate post-war period), Polish émigrés, rooted in the Berlin’s metropolitan area, without complexes and pursuing their professional goals play a special role. The Poles include representatives of the middle generation – Germans of Polish descent, policemen, photographers, journalists who investigate vicious and unsolved murder cases. The confrontation of characters of Polish descent with their German peers, whose parents and grandparents live with the trauma of expulsion or of being a victim of Stasi surveillance, makes the reader think about the memory and the problem of German-Polish relations in the 21st century.

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Identitätssuche von deutsch-polnisch-schlesischen Lyriker:innen. Zeitgenössische Einblicke

Identitätssuche von deutsch-polnisch-schlesischen Lyriker:innen. Zeitgenössische Einblicke

Author(s): Gabriela Jelitto-Piechulik / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2022

This article attempts to address the specificities of the Silesia on the example of selected poems by contemporary female and male authors who feel connected to this corner in the center of Europe and searching for their own identity. The research methodology revolves around biographical threads related to the turbulent history of Silesia, which has shaped the destiny of these writers. The national aspects of Silesia’s historical past are reflected in the subject matter of the lyrical works presented. At the same time, the regional per-spective is broken by themes and threads relating to poetic reflections on human existence. It should be emphasized that the poems presented hardly belong to the highest category of fiction. These works show how a particular region with its volatile and often tragic history inspires artistically sensitive individual and enables them to experience the aesthetics cap-tured in poetic images.

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Explorationen einer deutsch-polnischen Biografie...  Zur Identitätsproblematik bei Emilia Smechowski

Explorationen einer deutsch-polnischen Biografie... Zur Identitätsproblematik bei Emilia Smechowski

Author(s): Maciej Jędrzejewski / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2022

The article presents the shaping of identity in Wir Strebermigranten (2017, title in translation We, superimmigrants) and Rückkehr nach Polen (2019). The article posits the following thesis. The crisis of identity and the impression of assimilation being disrupted in Germany as presented in both works result from the complex problem of “being in between” the German nationality and Polish nationality. The will to manage the traumatization caused by cultural interference makes the outline of a ‘double biography’ visible in both works, especially in Wir Strebermigranten. The author also makes an exhausting attempt to portray the articulation of the collective identity of the Polish migrants of the so-called second generation, who immigrated to Germany in the 1980s and early 1990s.

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Uwalnianie się od prymatu pamięci albo oswajanie obcości...  Tożsamościowe transformacje w Hamlecie gliwickimPiotra (Petera) Lachmanna

Uwalnianie się od prymatu pamięci albo oswajanie obcości... Tożsamościowe transformacje w Hamlecie gliwickimPiotra (Petera) Lachmanna

Author(s): Przemysław Chojnowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

This paper is an analysis of Hamlet gliwicki [eng. Gliwice Hamlet] (Messel 2008) by the Polish-German writer Peter Lachmann (b. 1935). The article presents the genesis of the drama inspired by the fate of a Wehrmacht soldier lost during the Battle of Stalingrad in January 1942. This is the writer’s father Ewald Lachmann. In addition to the parodic means used in the play, the intertextual links between Gliwice Hamlet and William Shakespeare’s Hamletare discussed, as well as the topoi of Shakespearean tragedy interwoven with episodes from Lachmann’s biography and events from the history of Gliwice. The figure of Hamlet takes on the role of a mask and functions as a universal archetype behind which the play’s creator himself hides. The bilingualism of Peter – the play’s protagonist – and the overlapping of two identities, Polish and German, are examined in terms of a palimpsest. The analysis shows that Lachmann’s drama is characterised by the lack of a linear course of events and their anchoring in a fluid, liminal space-time. The protagonist’s identity transformations are accompanied by the transformation of his immediate environment, as the German city of Gleiwitz turns into the Polish city of Gliwice.

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Problemy tożsamości płciowej i androgynii oraz ich rozumienie...w dyskursie ponowoczesności na podstawie wybranych przykładów polskiej prozy po roku 1989

Problemy tożsamości płciowej i androgynii oraz ich rozumienie...w dyskursie ponowoczesności na podstawie wybranych przykładów polskiej prozy po roku 1989

Author(s): Daria Targosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

The essay is an attempt to sketch a panorama of representations of the body, corporeality and their relation to gender identity in prose written after 1989, a caesura of particular significance for corporeality. The text discusses literary images of gender identity on the basis of available studies that show the state of research in this field. The essay refers to the concept of the androgynous myth and also refers to the theories of the ‘opaque body’ and the ‘unwanted body’. The problematics contained in the text refer to the works of Olga Tokarczuk, Natasza Goerke, Izabela Filipiak and Andrzej Czcibor-Piotrowski, among others, which deal with the body-related gender identity. The study does not consider works that contain literary representations of gender identity that function in isolation from the body, but focuses on those that are central to the issues of corporeality. This stems from the assumption of the importance of the bodily experience in a literary work that should not only refer to the body, but also touch on the essence of humanity.

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Libros de viajes. A Study of Castilian Travel Accounts from the 15th Century on the Eve of the Great Geographical Discoveries

Libros de viajes. A Study of Castilian Travel Accounts from the 15th Century on the Eve of the Great Geographical Discoveries

Author(s): Łukasz Burkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2021

At the beginning of the 15th century, Castile, like other countries located on the Iberian Peninsula, was struggling with a range of internal problems. Before it reached – together with Aragon – greatness as the Monarchy of the Catholic Kings, it had already taken an active interest in far-away lands, and its representatives made distant journeys, which they described in detail in their travel accounts. Over the course of the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain became a great power both externally and internally, and this period is often called the Golden Ages (siglos de oro) of Spanish literature. This was undoubtedly the period in which literature written on the Iberian Peninsula itself reached its highest level of excellence. Moreover, some literary genres, especially historiography and accounts of travels, conquests, and discoveries, became a tool of Charles V’s and Philip II’s official propaganda: they glorified their empire and passed on the message of Spain’s special role in the world and the greatness of its discoveries and conquests. Against this background, the article discusses the role and history of the publication of two fifteenth-century Castilian travel accounts, or libros de viajes, which report the expeditions of Ruy González de Clavijo and Pero Tafur. Their narratives were key elements of the image Spanish rulers crafted for themselves during both the Habsburg dynasty of the 16th and 17th centuries and the Bourbon dynasty of the 19th century.

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Międzywojenne podręczniki historii literatury i ich obudowa dydaktyczna. O sposobach zaciekawienia uczniów lekturą i sterowania jej odbiorem

Międzywojenne podręczniki historii literatury i ich obudowa dydaktyczna. O sposobach zaciekawienia uczniów lekturą i sterowania jej odbiorem

Author(s): Danuta Łazarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2021

The author of this article discusses the ways in which the authors of the history of literature textbooks from the years 1918 to 1939 attempted, by means of the didactic framework, to make students interested in the readings and to steer their reception. This was to improve teenagers’ engagement with literary works. For this purpose, the author examines selected school books, analysing the content of their didactic framework from her point of interest. The paper concludes with a summary that points out the weaknesses and strengths of the methods identified in the textbooks, which were adopted to make students interested in reading and to control their reception of it.

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Carska cenzura zagraniczna wobec publikacji Stanisława Tarnowskiego (1871–1914)

Carska cenzura zagraniczna wobec publikacji Stanisława Tarnowskiego (1871–1914)

Author(s): Janusz Kostecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2019

According to the criterion of the number of books of a given author, which were attempted to be brought from behind the cordon to the Empire in the examined period, Tarnowski was one of the most popular authors. At the same time, he belonged to artists whose achievements during this period were questioned the largest number of times. The work of Stanisław Tarnowski was controlled by the Russians particularly harshly. In his works, he perceived the Catholic religion and national culture as unique, and the consequence was undisguised resentment and even contempt for communities professing other value systems. In censorship offices, therefore, two opposing narratives collided, which are now defined as nationalist and xenophobic: “Polish-patriotic” (present in Tarnowski’s texts) and Great Britain (in subsequent editors of the Censorship and Printing Act). Its regulations, due to “local conditions”, were treated by the officials in any event in a broad and presentistic way, but - contrary to popular opinion - I believe that individual decisions of Russian officials resulted not only from the pursuit of the destruction of the memory of the conquered nation, but were often directed primarily for the defense of native values: the honor of the Russians and the powers of power, as well as the Orthodox religion.

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Zagadnienie charakteru narodowego w krytyce literackiej Stanisława Tarnowskiego

Zagadnienie charakteru narodowego w krytyce literackiej Stanisława Tarnowskiego

Author(s): Renata Stachura-Lupa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2019

The article addresses the issue of functioning in the literary criticism of the second half of the 19th century of the category of „national spirit”, which is an expression of belief in the existence of the phenomenon of national characters in the world. For Tarnowski, the relationship between literature and the „spirit” of the nation is indisputable and remains in connection with his concept of history (as God’s domain) and the place of individuals in society. Art comes from the need for ideals, especially the ideal of beauty, which were inscribed in human nature by God. For Tarnowski, the artist is both an individual and a product of the national „spirit”. By creating, it expresses the character and moral condition of the nation at a given historical moment. Works (especially masterpieces) can, in turn, affect the shape of the socio-spiritual life of the nation, and thus to some extent and shape its character. In his thinking about the relationship between literature and literary criticism and the nation, Tarnowski remains faithful to idealistic aesthetics.

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Przedmałżeńskie relacje kobieta – mężczyzna… w wybranych powieściach polskich pisarek minorum gentium przełomu XIX i XX w.

Przedmałżeńskie relacje kobieta – mężczyzna… w wybranych powieściach polskich pisarek minorum gentium przełomu XIX i XX w.

Author(s): Barbara Wąsik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2018

When reconstructing the man-woman relationships described in the novels, I will focus on the pre-marital relationships. I am interested in the following issues: how female characters imagine love, who and why was their object of interest, in what circumstances was it possible for a true feeling to emerge, the impressions from first physical contacts (most often lack of satisfaction, frequently – a feeling of shame, even disgust, the awareness of being objectified). Everyday relations were limited and superficial, there was no time to create a bond, a feeling of intimacy – very often the first meeting was quickly followed by engagement and marriage. Young women had no knowledge about their bodies, were not informed about their rights and duties, did not know men (who were raised in a completely different way), their desires, behaviours, and general views about life. The vast majority of the described relations was therefore – especially from the female characters’ point of view – dysfunctional in nature. Even women independent in other areas, with much experience with the world, highly self-aware, experienced nothing but obstacles on their way to happiness.

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Zygmunt Haupt’s radio shows in the Voice of America: American literature, art, science and social life

Zygmunt Haupt’s radio shows in the Voice of America: American literature, art, science and social life

Author(s): Barbara Krupa / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

The article focuses on Zygmunt Haupt’s shows for the Voice of America in the period 1951-1958. Broadcast transcripts are part of the writer’s archive, which is hosted by the Special Collections of C.H. Green Library at Stanford University in California. The shows devoted to the literary, cultural and scientific life in the USA are a treasure trove of knowledge about Haupt’s contemporary America. Most of them are informative and popularizing in nature, although there are also more propagandist ones. Particularly illuminating are the shows concerning specific works, genres and trends in literature and music. Others focus on specific authors and composers. Still others concern culture, science, customs and daily lives of Americans. The article has analysed a few series: American Literature, What America Is Reading, American Panorama, Music In America, Musicals From Broadway and Cultural Life In America.

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Nomadic Sisters: Migrant Identity in Joanna Bator’s Cloudalia and Sandra Cisneros’ Caramelo

Nomadic Sisters: Migrant Identity in Joanna Bator’s Cloudalia and Sandra Cisneros’ Caramelo

Author(s): Agnieszka Gondor-Wiercioch / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

The article provides a comparative analysis of Joanna Bator’s Cloudalia and Sandra Cisneros’ Caramelo with regard to similar identity construction of the main female characters. Both authors concentrate on young women (Dominika Chmura in Cloudalia and Celaya Reyes in Caramelo) who set out for a journey of feminist self-discovery, crossing the boundaries of geography, history and culture. The author of the article argues that, despite the obvious differences between Poland and Mexico, the protagonists rebel against the same legacy of the Catholic patriarchal culture, reinforced by national visions of history and literary canon in the respective countries, and they gradually manage to rework historical trauma by reconstructing the doppelganger figure and creating new transcultural feminist paradigms. The arguments are reinforced not only by references to autobiographical motives in Bator’s and Cisneros’ fiction and diaries, but also by transnational identity studies of Zygmunt Bauman and Amaryll Chanady

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Representations of the Danube in Queen Marie’s Writings

Author(s): Cristina Ungureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Social geography is attached to territory and emerges from social relations and links that people weave with places. A geographical reading of literary works allows us to discover and outline representational strategies for a regional space. It is in this sense that this paper proposes to focus on the representations of the Danube River that Queen Marie of Romania revealed in her writings. Marie, like many other cartographers and scholars, was attracted by the Danube region, and, in her books, the Danube had a specific place. She evoked all her wanderings from plain to mountain, from hill to sea, leading us down to the banks of the Danube (with all its canals and lakes) and to the sea. We followed the itineraries of everyday life, both social and spatial, that the queen traced according to her position in society, her cultural model and imagination. It was a means, among others, of deepening the phenomena of identity (Bratosin 2007: 79) and her works are very rich in this sense, since they give us examples of values associated with these places. At this point, important aspects related to identity will be explored. Phoenix (2010: 298) suggests that “identities are socially constructed, multiple, potentially contradictory and situationally variable”. Identities are, in this sense, processes of becoming rather than of being (Hall 2006). Specific lexical and functional items are used for this purpose, both consciously and unconsciously (Lotte Dam 2015: 31). This paper tries to illustrate how personal pronouns, possessive determiners and pronouns and different adjectives, verbs or structures contribute to the construction of attached identities, all in connection with the way the Queen described the Danube River.

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Cultural Contexts and Masculinity Shifts

Author(s): Florian Andrei Vlad / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Masculinity and men’s studies, initially seen as one particular section of explorations of what it means to be a man, appeared as a secondary field, even if linked to Simone de Beauvoir’s “the first sex.” In de Beauvoir’s feminist manifesto of the second wave, “woman” apparently had an identity of her own, but was only defined as being the absence, the “lack,” the Other, against which man defined himself. The current essay examines the historicity of gender roles and the developing contexts in which perceptions of them and theories about them are largely defined by new contexts for which the activation of hegemonic or feminine masculinities, for example, is more than a reasonable choice. The last section engages with literary responses to masculinity as articulated by Lowell, Vonnegut, and Heller in a less-than-heroic age where significant masculinity shifts emerged in American fiction as well.

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