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4.50 €

Gender Mainstreaming and International Organizations: NATO Example 25

Author(s): Suat Dönmez / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Gender mainstreaming has become necessary for the success of all military peace support operations. This requirement was first felt as the number of military interventions increased by the international community after the Cold War. This increase helped develop gender mainstreaming in global organizations and alliances like the United Nations and NATO. NATO has been an active actor in military operations recently, and lessons learned from these practices have demonstrated the need to develop a concept emphasizing gender mainstreaming in military organizations. This is also essential in the post-conflict resettlement and peacebuilding phases because the participation of all genders in this phase increases the success and sustainability of the settlement. This paper examines the development of gender mainstreaming in NATO and its subsequent impacts within the organization. This development has led to a change in mindset in planning and conducting military operations and organizational structures.

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Gender Mainstreaming in Türkiye within The Framework of The “European Charter for Equality of Women and Men in Local Life”

Author(s): Zeynep Banu Dalaman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although there is no article in the national legislation in Türkiye that restricts women’s political rights, it is seen that the participation of women in decision-making mechanisms in the public sphere, both at the national and local level, is quite limited. According to the 2022 data from the World Economic Forum (WEF), Türkiye ranks 124th among 146 countries in the Gender Equality Ranking and 112th in the political empowerment ranking. “The European Charter for Equality of Women and Men in Local Life” was prepared in 2006 by the European Council of Municipalities and Regions (CEMR). This document is among the activities carried out under governance, democracy, and citizenship. It encourages local and regional governments to make a public commitment to achieving gender equality and implement the principles in the Charter. This specification, supported by the Union of Municipalities of Türkiye, has been signed by 31 municipalities in Turkey. Later, when the Istanbul Convention was withdrawn, the activities were slowed down, and the applications of the municipalities that signed and wanted to sign later were suspended. With a project carried out by the Association for Supporting Women Candidates, 17 new municipalities have signed terms, and then training has been given to promote gender equality. The organized capacity-building activities were evaluated under three main headings: relevance, effectiveness and sustainability. The most important commitment of the 17 signatories in terms of ensuring sustainability is to prepare the Local Action Equality Plan within two years. This study evaluates the steps taken by the pilot municipalities involved in the project to prepare the Local Equality Action Plan due to the capacity-building training that lasted for one year. A survey study and interviews with municipalities were carried out as a method. The participation of municipalities from different regions in the research revealed the importance of regional differences in promoting gender mainstreaming.

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The Development of Civil Society and The Women’s Rights Movements in Türkiye

Author(s): Ahmet Görgen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper is based on the research related to the role of women’s rights movements for the development of civil society in Türkiye. Recent analyses reveal that the civil society has been in the development process since the late Ottoman Empire. Moreover, the post-1980s liberalization process of the public sphere has been in relation to the empowering civil society that has been also a scene of the women’s rights movements. Indeed, this was visible in parallel with the reform process in the 2000s under the Justice and Development Party (JDP) governments. In this regard, research shows that the development of civil society and the empowerment of the women’s rights movements has been in parallel that shows the strong role of women’s rights movements for the development of civil society in Türkiye. Preliminary research reveals that early struggle for women’s rights had been in the magazines and newspapers during the late Ottoman Empire. In 1914, Women’s University (Inas Darülfunun) was founded in Istanbul. With the foundation of the Republic of Türkiye in 1923 more freedom was provided for women in terms of lifestyle. The global wave of feminism influenced the women in Türkiye in the 1960s. In the post-1980s, first of all the magazines on the struggle of women emerged. In the 1990s, the research institutions on the gender and women’s studies started to emerge. Later, the organizations from various ideological positioning of women emerged for the struggle for women’s rights. Also, the development of internet technology contributed to the women’s movements’ being a part of the virtual public sphere. This paper presents the role of women’s rights movements for the development of civil society in Türkiye.

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Colonial Prejudice Hunting The African Woman: The Case of Southern/West Cameroon (1916-2022)

Author(s): Charles Nda Agbor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Colonialism lived a negative indelible scar that pursues the rights of the African girl and woman till date. After the defeat of the Germans in Cameroon in 1916, the British and the French partitioned Cameroon. Britain later further divided its portion into British Southern and British Northern Cameroons and administered them as parts of Nigeria. From then on, women in this territory were marginalized by the British colonial administration. One would have expected a change after independence in 1961. Yet, that was not the case. This paper seeks to uncover some of the injustices perpetrated on the woman in West Cameroon during the British rule (1916-1961) and thereafter (1961-2022) despite her sacrifices. With the use of qualitative method, drown from a combination of primary (oral and archival) and secondary sources, it was observed that colonial tasks assigned to the woman and her treatment by the colonial authorities was not din. Their rights to social security were usurped. Even the breakdown of this territory into many slices sowed the seed of the Anglophone crisis that has lived the woman and the girl child perplex between the gun of government militia and that of secessionists. Today, many of them live with precarious situations as refugees in neighbouring countries or as internally displaced within Cameroon. This paper however recommends an effective decentralization in the absence of a federation as a long lasting solution to the problems of the girl child and mother in West Cameroon.

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UTILIZAREA PROGRAMULUI ALOHA ÎN GESTIONAREA RISCULUI CHIMIC

Author(s): Irinel-Ionuț Găman,Emanuil-Petru Ovadiuc,Manuel Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the ALOHA software ( Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres ), which is part of the CAMEO software developed by OEM ( Office of Emergency Management ) and Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) -SUA. This software allows the simulation of various scenarios and events, such as the dispersion of clouds of toxic chemicals that escape from tanks, pipes, liquid tank fires and BLEVE explosions. The evolution of the scenario can be translated into graph and can be viewed with Marplot and Google Earth programs, which locate the affected area.

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Comportarea termică a unor materiale de construcții

Author(s): Ioana-Emilia Șofran,Dana-Maria Preda,Ion Anghel / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Researcher have used the microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) in order to test thermal properties of common materials used in construction [such as the cardboard found in the componence of the plasterboard (PBD), expanded polystyrene (EPS) used for seiling decorations, wallpaper made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and wood particleboard (PB)] having masses between 3 and 20 milligrams. All four commercial materials have a long history in construction field with over 100 years of being used for design or insulation and they have different fire behaviours performances. The analysis were conducted under controled conditions which suppose a gradual increase of the temperature in the pyrolyzer with a heating speed equal to 1,5 ⁰C/s up to 750 ⁰C in a nitrogen atmosphere at an 80 cm3/min flow and a constant temperature value in the combustion chamber equal to 900 ⁰C in a nitrogen (80 %) and oxygen (20 %) atmosphere at a 20 cm3/min flow.

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Analiza unor cauze atipice privind producerea incendiilor la ambulanțe

Author(s): Marian Truță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyses the main factors that cause fires in vehicles. The paper also aims to present two particular cases in which fires in ambulances had unusual causes. The analysis of common causes of vehicle fires and unusual causes will highlight a number of relevant conclusions regarding the circumstances of vehicle fires and a number of measures to be taken to reduce the risk of vehicle fires.

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Les jardins publics : un écosystème urbain fertile en biodiversité au service de la communauté au fil du temps, le cas du jardin Landon a Biskra, Algérie

Author(s): Mounir Hadji,Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This paper offers an in-depth exploration of the captivating history and development of Landon garden, shining a light on the relentless efforts to preserve biodiversity within its boundaries. It also highlights the pivotal role that Landon Garden plays in enhancing the overall well-being of the local population. By closely examining the intricate relationship between nature and society, the paper aims to elucidate how a green space can evolve into an essential cornerstone of urban life. It serves as both a sanctuary for biodiversity and a source of tangible benefits for the surrounding community. With this perspective firmly in view, we embark on a comprehensive journey, delving into the multifaceted aspects of the history and significance of Landon garden in Biskra. It becomes evident that this green oasis not only captures the passage of time but also embodies sustainable advantages that it continuously bestows upon the local residents.

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Лексикални маркери на българския преселнически говор от смесен тип

Author(s): Svitlana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The lexical diagnostic dialect markers of the Bulgarian dialects in Bessarabia have not been studied at all. The preparation of a complete markers’ list at the different language levels is vital for determining the genetic kinship of these dialects.

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За шуменския говор преди и след класическия труд на Любомир Милетич Das Ostbulgarische (1903)

Author(s): Krasimira Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Prof. Lyubomir Miletich is the founder of the academic discipline of Bulgarian dialectology. His fundamental work on the Eastern Bulgarian dialects is the basis for all subsequent researchers of this language area, an important part of which is the Shumen dialect considered by Мiletich to be archaic and important for the classification of Bulgarian dialects. Here I make an overview of the works dedicated to the Shumen dialect, which are necessarily based on “Das Ostbulgarische”.

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Ходонимите на Бургас в миналото и днес

Author(s): Mariyana Parzulova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines the hodonyms (names of streets and boulevards) in the city of Burgas from the end of the 19th century till the present day. It presents the reasons for their naming and renaming in different periods of the history of the city and the country

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Transformaciones en la migración de tránsito por México: Lecciones Aprendidas en Cuatro Ciudades Fronterizas y Desafíos Pendientes

Author(s): Carlos S. Ibarra,Rodolfo Cruz Piñeiro / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

La migración humana ha sido un fenómeno constante y definitorio de nuestra especie desde tiempos ancestrales. A lo largo de la historia, las personas han emigrado de un lugar a otro en busca de una vida mejor, impulsadas por diversas razones, tales como la guerra, el hambre, la persecución o simplemente en busca de nuevas oportunidades. En el contexto contemporáneo, el fenómeno de la migración adquiere una relevancia y una complejidad sin precedentes, particularmente en regiones como América Latina, y específicamente en la ruta migratoria que atraviesa México. Este país, tradicionalmente considerado como un territorio de tránsito, ha vivido importantes transformaciones en relación a este fenómeno que merecen ser analizadas y comprendidas en toda su profundidad.

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Gestión de la migración veneolana en tránsito por el Norte del Ecuador

Author(s): Jessica Andrea Ordóñez-Cuenca,Víctor Adrián Ayala-Cano / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Los migrantes en tránsito o también denominados población en movimiento, en condición irregular o no documentada corren mayores riesgos de vulnerabilidad en comparación con los documentados debido a que “tienen menos probabilidades de tomar decisiones o de trazar estrategias de escape” (Oficina del Alto Comisionado para los Derechos Humanos, 2021, p. 9) y porque están expuestos a diversos peligros por las condiciones climáticas y amenazas, particularmente de agentes informales denominados “coyoteros” “pasadores” o “polleros”. Estos grupos ilícitos se aprovechan de la desesperación de los inmigrantes los cuales se ven atrapados en redes especializadas de trata y tráfico de personas. Este hecho ha evolucionado para convertirse en uno de los peores escenarios de esclavitud contemporánea, representando una vergüenza a nivel mundial.

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The Role of Tunisia in The Eu’s Migration Governance

Author(s): Tamara Poletan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As a result of political and socioeconomic instability which gained momentum in the last decade, and the rising tensions and conflicts in its neighboring countries, a surge in the irregular departures from Tunisia towards the countries of European Union (EU) became a salient feature of post-revolutionary Tunisia. With 1.3 million Tunisians residing abroad as of 2016, Tunisia represents a prime emigration country in the Mediterranean region (Natter, 2021). Driven by its own political and economic interests in the region, migration has figured high on the agenda of EU’s policymakers. Tunisia represents EU’s key partner in various domains, with their partnership dating back to 1976 with its legal basis in Association Agreement signed in 1995. The 2011 Revolution represented a turning point in the EU-Tunisia relations, rendering EU a crucial partner in provision of support to the Tunisian transition towards the modern democracy. As stated on the official web page of the European Commission: “The partnership between Tunisia and the European Union (EU) is rooted in the mutual interest of enhancing a prosperous and stable Tunisian democracy” (European Commission) . In addition to that, Tunisia benefits immensely from the generous financial support provided by the EU with the aim of enhancing migration governance and addressing the root causes of irregular migration. Yet, as per Lixi, the relations between Tunisia and the EU have long been motivated by the mutual needs and interests with rare examples of a true cooperation (Lixi, 2018).

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Small Island States, Climate Change, and The Law of The Sea: An Assessment of The Request From Itlos for An Advisory Opinion, Before The Decision

Author(s): Nebile Pelin Mantı / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The interplay between the ocean and climate change is gaining a new dimension. Small Island States are among the most vulnerable of all, and many island nations are struggling to escape the effects of the climate change, which accelerates the degradation of the natural resources that underpin their economies, causing sea level rise, which leads to the salinization of rivers and lakes and therefore, scarcity of fresh water resources, and decline of coral reefs and fish stocks, which are the basis of their economies and eroding coastlines battered by intensifying storms.

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РЕГУЛИРАНЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВНИЯ СТАТУТ НА КАСПИЙСКО МОРЕ КАТО ЧАСТ ОТ ВЕЛИКИЯ ПЪТ НА КОПРИНАТА

Author(s): Boyko Georgiev Cherkovaliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The New Silk Road Initiative was first presented in 2013 by the Prime Minister of the People's Republic of China, Xi Jinping. The concept is based on the creation of infrastructure to connect Asia with Europe and Africa. The possible routes of the Road go around the Caspian Sea basin. The emergence of new states after 1991 has changed the nature of the established international agreements on the status of the sea-lake. For more than 20 years, the coastal states have not been able to agree, but: Let us be optimistic that the Caspian countries: Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran have approached wisely and invested in a productive idea - reaching a decision in the spring of 2018, in the city of Astana to sign a Convention on the International Legal Status of the Caspian Sea.

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РАЗВИТИЕ НА ТУРИЗМА В РЕГИОН ДОЛЕН ДУНАВ

Author(s): Margarita Bogdanova,Evelina Parashkevova-Velikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study is to analyze the potential for tourism development in the Bulgarian-Romanian territory of the Lower Danube region and to outline the challenges faced by business and the public sector in implementing business ideas in the field of tourism.

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УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА ПУБЛИЧНИЯ СЕКТОР В ОБЩИНА ЧЕРВЕН БРЯГ В ПЕРИОДА 2015-2019 Г.

Author(s): Petko Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report assesses and analyzes the management of the public sector of the Cherven Bryag municipality and its economic structure. It outlines the problems facing the Cherven Bryag municipality as part of the Northwestern Planning Region, as well as the opportunities for its development. Through the assessment of human capital, measures and activities will be proposed to improve the economic environment through the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and the improvement of the regional development of the municipality. An important element of the report is an assessment of the potential of the Cherven Bryag municipality, as well as the identification of factors that can have a strong influence on overcoming the negative impacts of the crisis, which has brought about an economic decline, something typical of most municipalities in Bulgaria.

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ЗАМЪРСЯВАНЕ НА ЧЕРНО МОРЕ В РЕЗУЛТАТ НА ПОЖАР НА ТАНКЕР

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov,Kamen Seymenliyski,Ivan Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Oil pollution is one of the serious global environmental problems. Although the results of this process are still assessed as small, this is a continuous disruption of aquatic ecosystems, which gradually leads to local degradation of individual areas of the World Ocean. The amount of oil discharged is of the order of 3-6 million tons per year. The ecological impact of oil spills consists of physical and chemical changes in the development and growth of marine inhabitants, increased toxicity and, as a result, increased mortality of various species of marine animals. Over the past 50 years, several huge and dozens of smaller oil spills have been observed in the oceans and seas. The first group, which causes much greater damage - environmental destruction and huge economic losses, includes the following cases:

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ТРАНСГРАНИЧЕН ТУРИЗЪМ В РЕЧНИТЕ ТЕРИТОРИИ ПО РЕКА ДУНАВ

Author(s): Teodora Rizova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Danube River is a common economic, natural and tourist potential for many European countries. Cross-border tourism opens up opportunities to get to know countries, peoples and their cultures, to develop tourist infrastructure and to improve cooperation between countries in the construction of common cross-border tourist routes, which in turn will contribute to more successful marketing of tourist destinations in the river areas.

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