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Jurisprudenţa CJUE privind naţionalitatea căpitanilor de navă

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2011

Căpitanul şi secundul. Libera circulaţie a lucrătorilor. Condiţia de naţionalitate. Prerogativa de putere publică Soluţia: În prezent, instituind, prin legislaţia sa, cerinţa naţionalităţii elene pentru accesul la funcţii de căpitan şi de ofiţer (secund) pe toate navele sub pavilion grec, Republica Elenă şi-a încălcat obligaţiile ce îi revin în virtutea art. 39 TCE.

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Jurisprudenţa maritimă a Curţii de Casaţie a Franţei

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2011

Pensii ale marinarilor – Confiscare limitată – Insolvabilitate organizată – Obstacol la executarea deciziilor de justiţie – Rezistenţă abuzivă – Măsură discriminatorie – Atentat la dreptul de proprietate – Convenţia europeană a drepturilor omului – Articolul 14 – Protocolul nr. 1, art. 1 – Confiscare în limitele remuneraţiilor de lucru. Articolul L 30 din Codul pensiilor marinarilor dispune că aceste pensii nu pot fi sistate decât de anumiţi creditori şi cu o sumă care diferă în funcţie de natura creditelor. Curtea de apel constată că cele două principale creanţe ale fostului soţ nu se încadrează în prevederile acestui text şi că recuperarea lor se loveşte de o imposibilitate totală de confiscare; debitorul se opune în mod sistematic oricărei decizii de justiţie şi a organizat insolvabilitatea sa, astfel încât creditoarea nu are alte căi de execuţie. Articolul L 30 constituie, în speţă, o măsură discriminatorie, aducând o atingere nejustificată de un scop legitim dreptului de proprietate al creditoarei şi aplicarea sa contravine astfel dispoziţiilor combinate ale articolelor 14 ale Convenţiei apărării drepturilor şi libertăţilor fundamentale ale omului şi 1 din protocolul adiţional nr. 1 la această Convenţie. Curtea de apel a justificat în mod legal decizia sa de autorizare a sistării pensiilor în condiţiile şi limitele sistării remuneraţiilor de lucru. MAGUER c/ROUSSEAU

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Bibliografie

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2015

1. Philippe Delebecque – „Maritime Law”, Dalloz Publishing House, 2014 2. Mihai Şandru – Commercial arbitration. Annotated and commented jurisprudence, author Marin Voicu, Universul Juridic Publishing House, 2015, 725 p 3. Olivier Cachard – „Luxembourg Maritime Code, 2014”, foreword by Robert Biwer, by Martine Remond – Gouilloud 4. Hassania Cherkaoui – Moroccan and compared maritime law– 2014, foreword by P. Bonassies

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Examen teoretic al jurisprudenţei maritime a instanţelor din Canada din anul 2014

Author(s): Gael Piette / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2015

Culpa armatorului în faţa limitării responsabilităţii sale şi a asigurării în legislaţia canadiană, Jurisprudenţa maritimă canadiană – 2014

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Jurisprudenţa maritimă franceză

Author(s): Philippe Delebecque,Michel Neumeister,Arnaud Montas,Stéphane Miribel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2016

1. The action for the recovery of possession of a container is subject to a time limit, with a note by Philippe Delebecque, 2. The gross mass of the container: the decision is published, with a note by Michel Neumeister, 3. Maritime Arbitral Chamber of Paris – the arbitral award no. 1222/16.01.2015, 4. Collision without obstacles: Wash Effect, by Arnaud Montas, 5. Ripert Day 2016: Journal of maritime case law, by Stephane Miribel, editor in chief of the French Maritime Law (DMF)

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Speţa „Amoco Cadiz” – 1978. O hotărâre judecătorească generând o nouă convenţie maritimă internaţională

Author(s): Marin Voicu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2018

La 40 de ani după naufragiu, nava Amoco Cadiz este scoasă la suprafaţă. Potrivit unui comunicat al organizaţiei Robin des Bois, regiunea Bretania exportă 20.000 tone de deşeuri ale navei în Olanda, în cadrul Proiectului de dezvoltare şi excavare portuară care trebuie să fie reconvertit într-un terminal în portul Brest, dedicat energiilor marine reînnoite, conţinând reziduurile mareei negre, produsă de Amoco Cadiz.

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Informații și comentarii diverse

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01-02/2021

1. Solidarity of seafarers, extended to recreational navigation – France; 2. The blockage of the Suez Canal by the "EVER GIVEN" ship; 3. The suspension bridge over the Danube: Brăila – Măcin; 4. The Grand Canal on the Seine: the Paris-Northern Europe link – a 5 billion euro project; 5. The trial of the asylum-seeking Somali pirates in France; 6. The sea in Charles Baudelaire’s work

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ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE DEFINING IDEAS OF THE NOTION OF "CONSUMER" FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIRECTIVE 93/13/EEC AND THE JURISPRUDENCE DEVELOPED ON ITS SIDE

Author(s): Lacrima Bianca Luntraru / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The evolution of the law on unfair contractual terms contained in contracts concluded with consumers and the change in the function of equity of the contract law of consumer, lead to discussions regarding the approach of the notion "consumer". The consumer, as well as the competition, contributes to the general regulatory objective of the internal market, so that both claim legal provisions to ensure effective protection but also to stimulate economic activity, which leads to the realization of a right of consumption of a hybrid nature, with more severe implications and sanctions. The present paper aims to outline an analytical framework of the defining ideas of this notion, with a special look at the stretch in time, under the auspices of the judicial dialogue between our country and the Court of Justice of the European Union.

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THE LEGITIMACY OF THE JUDICIARY AND ITS ELEMENTS

Author(s): Florina Mitrofan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The Romanian Constitution recognizes and creates the normative framework regarding the role of the judiciary in upholding the principles of the rule of law and in resolving disputes by applying the law to specific cases brought before the court. From the point of view of the judicial organization, we must start from the delimitation of the judicial function from the other fundamental functions of the state: legislative and executive. The judiciary does not act in its own name, exercising its powers on the basis and within the limits conferred by legal provisions, and an independent and efficient judiciary is the function of the rule of law.

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Uslovi za produženje posebnih istražnih radnji - izazovi i sudska praksa

Author(s): Maja Govedarica,Lejla Ašćerić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/2022

In the content of the paper, the authors deal with the application of the amended provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which relate to the conditions for the extension of previously determined special investigative actions. The paper provides an overview of the available case law of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina in meeting the standards for extension of special investigative actions, all with regard to the application of the amended provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina that are harmonised with the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The paper analyses the amended provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code regarding the purpose of fulfilling the obligations arising from the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina Ref. No. 5/16 and also analyses the application of such amended provisions in the case law of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis shows that the application in practice causes legal uncertainty regarding the uniform standard in the application of the amended provisions. The paper states that the amended provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code meet the obligations set out in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Freedoms, but in practice there is no uniform application of the amended regulation that would protect the public and security interests of the State and its citizens.

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Cauza Ucraina c. Rusia (re. Crimeea) Hotărârea Marii Camere a CEDO în dosarele nr. 20958/14 și 38334/18 din 16 Decembrie 2020 (II)

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2022

Acest text continuă traducerea Hotărârii Marii Camere a CEDO din 16 Decembrie 2020 privind Cauza Ucraina c. Rusia (re. Crimeea) și evenimentele desfășurate în Crimeea și Sevastopol în 2014. În numărul anterior al NRDO, am prezentat situația de fapt și istoria relațiilor dintre Rusia și Ucraina care au precedat preluarea controlului de către Rusia în Crimeea și Sevastopol. În continuare, parcurgem un „istoric juridic” al acestei relații, urmărind actele normative interne și tratatele bilaterale sau internaționale relevante pentru evaluarea situației drepturilor omului din Crimeea și Sevastopol 2014, în contextul contextului politic respectiv. Traducerea nu conține textele integrale, ci extrase cu prevederile care clarifică din punct de vedere normativ acest context. Totodată sunt incluse jurisprudență relevantă a CIJ, precum și analize și rapoarte ale organizațiilor internaționale guvernamentale (ONU, Consiliul Europei, OSCE și UE) și neguvernamentale (Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International). Aceste rapoarte documentează abuzurile Federației Ruse și ale guvernului de facto din Crimeea și Sevastopol, abuzuri cu care s-au confruntat locuitorii ucraineni și tătari ai peninsulei, precum și jurnaliștii ucraineni ori străini, activiștii suspectați de a fi pro-ucraineni din societatea civilă etc. În mod recurent, au fost constatate: omucideri cu intenție; fapte de tortură; încălcări ale demnității umane; privare ilegală de libertate; constrângerea unor persoane să servească în forțel armate; preluarea cu forța a proprietății private; quasi-impunerea unei noi cetățenii, contrar normelor dreptului internațional; deportări sau transfer prin forță a populației; persecutarea unor grupuri identificabile de persoane pe criterii politice; dispariția forțată a unor persoane; restrângerea semnificativă a libertății de exprimare și de adunare pașnică, inclusiv a celor ce aveau ca scop păstrarea patrimoniului cultural; alte restrângeri severe ale libertății religioase atât pentru minoritatea musulmană, cât în raport cu Biserica Ortodoxă Ucraineană aflată sub autoritatea Patriarhiei Kievului. Explicații privind modul concret de încălcarea a drepturilor fundamentale se regăsesc mai jos.

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Vânzarea silită dintre două persoane impozabile și refuzul dreptului de deducere a TVA-ului achitat în amonte. Hotărârea CJUE în cauza C-227/21, UAB „HA.EN.”

Author(s): Diana Dănilescu,Mihaela Nuță / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2022

Case C-227/21, UAB „HA.EN.”, was recently settled, in which the Court ruled on the denial of the right to deduct the input VAT for the purchase of an item of immovable property, which was acquired within a procedure of auction, from an insolvent taxable person who, due to his/her financial situation, did not pay the output VAT from the sale of the property to the state budget. In its considerations, the Court states that the provisions of the VAT Directive oppose a national practice which, in the context of the auction of a property between taxable persons, consists in denying the buyer the right to deduct the input VAT for the simple fact that he/her knew or should have known that the vendor was in financial difficulty and, consequently, that he/she would not pay or would not be able to pay the output VAT to the state budget. In this article we propose to present the importance of case C-227/21, UAB “HA.EN.”, and to analyse the new elements introduced by this Judgment compared to a case that seemed similar and that was settled by the Court last year, also emphasizing the concepts of tax fraud and abuse of rights.

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Cauza C-92/01, Georgios Stylianakis c. Grecia

Author(s): Laura Lazăr / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2022

The fiscal sovereignty of the Member States allows them to create a national taxation system that corresponds to the particularities of their national fiscal regime. However, the fiscal measures adopted by the Member States cannot constitute means of discrimination against economic activities of a cross-border nature. In the presence of discriminatory national fiscal measures, ensuring the proper functioning of the European Internal Market could be endangered. The Stylianakis jurisprudence, presented below, exemplifies how the method of calculation and application of an airport tax can constitute a measure of fiscal discrimination, contrary to the free movement of persons and the freedom to provide services.

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Formule de jurământ în limba română din Transilvania (sec. XVII-XVIII)

Author(s): Susana Andea / Language(s): Romanian,German,Hungarian Issue: 61/2022

The present article aims to disseminate the written texts of the first oaths taken in Romanian in the Transylvania. The sworn declarations required by officials over the Middle Ages and the pre-modern period are analysed from a historical perspective. Emphasis is placed on oaths taken by interviewed persons and witnesses. Also, starting from the idea that the oaths were sworn into the spoken language and with similar contents in the three languages of the province, two cases of oaths taken in German, Hungarian and Romanian are now presented to the wider public, all preserved in Sibiu’s town archives. The texts differ according to the religion of the witness. Other written oaths form the Chioar area and from the Transylvanian plain are published now, concluding that a standard form was used stereotypically for the spoken languages. The Romanian language, in which these oaths were written, has been strongly influenced by Hungarian and German, with archaisms and regionalisms. These particularities suggest a certain inhomogeneity and difficulty in putting the spoken words in writing by the scribe. An attempt was also made to establish the name of the author(s) of these documents.

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Publicitatea şedinţei de judecată

Author(s): Dinu Ostavciuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2022

Publicity is included among the principles of the criminal process, which is applicable only to the trial phase of the criminal case. The principle of publicity of the court session has a special role, because in order to ensure the protection of the rights and freedoms of the person, a trial cannot take place behind closed doors, otherwise there would be suspicions of committing abuses and distrust in the judiciary. However, there are cases when court hearings can take place outside of publicity, i.e. the hearings must be closed, but this fact must correspond to requirements and conditions strictly determined by law. The article in reference analyzes the domestic legislation and practice regarding the application and observance of the respective principle in relation to the international legislation and practice, explaining the exceptions of advertising and coming up with solutions to improve the procedural-criminal legislation. The research identifies the problems arising in the practice of the courts and comes up with solutions to remove the divergences.

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Impactul noilor procedee probatorii asupra drepturilor omului în procesul penal

Author(s): Ion Covalciuc,Daniel Cristea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2022

The dynamics of the legislative process in recent times, stimulated by the scientific progress and, respectively, the increasing demand from both judicial bodies and society as a whole, influence the fundamental human rights and freedoms. The impact of new investigative tools, as a form of response to the challenges mentioned, on human rights and fundamental freedoms, have to be not only visible but also predictable for the recipients of the law. The approach which the legislature chose to adopt with regards to the special investigative activity, from the perspective of its interference with human rights, cannot be neglected because deviations in this matter being likely to either annihilate the effectiveness of the investigative activity or unjustifiably harm human rights. Considerations, which serve to identify inadequacies in this regard can only be welcomed.

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Particularităţile punerii pe rol a cauzelor penale: aspecte teoretico-practice

Author(s): Ion Chirtoacă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2022

One of the most important phases of the trial of the case in the first instance is the filing of the criminal case. This phase, although it is an early one of the trial phase of the case, due to the nature and diversity of the requests received from the parties involved in the process, raises a series of procedural incidents for the courts. The resolution of procedural incidents, by the courts at this stage, is not predictable and unitary, which often subsequently complicates the court process, leading to delays and violation of the principle of examining criminal cases within a reasonable time. This article aims to shape up the main rules by which the court should be guided, in order to provide a predictable and uniform judicial practice.

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Garanţii naţionale privind desfăşurarea procesului penal în termen rezonabil

Author(s): Dinu Ostavciuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2022

Carrying out the criminal process within a reasonable time is a general principle and a fundamental human right. The assessment of this term takes place based on clearly defined criteria, which are analyzed in this article. It is very important to establish the starting limit of the reasonable term, as well as its final limit. Alternatively, the respective research found the non-existence of a uniform practice in this regard. At the same time, the respective article comes with practical recommendations and reference proposals regarding the resolution of the desired ambiguous interpretation in this matter and brings clarity regarding the observance, guarantee and evaluation of the reasonable term of the criminal process.

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Competenţa poliţiei în asigurarea redobândirii posesiei asupra bunului pierdut

Author(s): Grigore Ardelean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2022

Whatever we do in a society affected by the feeling of materialism, dying, increasing the value of patrimony, and with it existential comfort, we can never be sure that we control the entire patrimonial mass, being possible to keep it intact all the time. So, there are a multitude of circumstances in which we can lose the de facto control over the goods in our ownership in different ways: open evasion, covert or dispossession by cunning methods, the claim of which is possible with the support of the coercive force of the state through the application of long-standing legal mechanisms known to jurisprudence. In the protection of the person affected by such actions, of course, the most important role belongs to the police body that can and is obliged to act with all its levers, a valid issue in the matter of ensuring the regaining of ownership of lost property.

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LIBERTATEA DE GÂNDIRE ÎN SISTEMUL CONVENŢIEI (EUROPENE) PENTRU APĂRAREA DREPTURILOR OMULUI ŞI A LIBERTĂŢILOR FUNDAMENTALE. EVOLUŢII JURISPRUDENŢIALE

Author(s): Mihail Poalelungi,Sergiu Suvac / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 12/2022

Despite the fact that today universal and regional treaties expressly regulate freedom of thought, the process of realizing it in practice reveals multiple difficulties of a not necessarily legal nature. A considerable contribution to the consecration and development of freedom of thought is brought by the jurisprudential activity of the European Court of Human Rights. As a living, dynamic instrument, the European Convention on Human Rights easily adapts to new challenges. The jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights presents itself as a valuable source in order to understand the nature and content of the freedom intended to protect the forum internum. In this sense, we can affirm that the jurisprudential creation in this regard anticipates doctrinal works, essentially constituting a source of inspiration for doctrinaires in order to write scientific works, among which the present scientific approach is included.

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