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Enhancing Student Motivation in ESP by Increasing the Level of Engagement: A Proposed Model

Author(s): Albena Stefanova,Georgi Zabunov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The article considers the opportunity to enhance student motivation in the acquisition of English for specific purposes by increasing the level of learner engagement. The authors propose to use an interdisciplinary approach by applying tools that have been approved in marketing theory and practice for the management of consumer involvement in the purchasing process and adapting them to teaching ESP to increase course effectiveness. Marketing literature analysis reveals two important points. The first one is that in classical marketing, the concepts of enduring involvement and situational involvement are used and combined together to form a complex consumer response. In modern marketing, this complex response is called consumer engagement. The second point is that situational involvement plays a key role in shaping the complex consumer response. The authors' suggestion is to use situational involvement as the major tool for boosting student motivation taking into consideration factors such as the specific features of the new generations and the growing use of modern technologies in everyday communication and learning. A description of model tasks is given to exemplify their interdisciplinary nature as well as observations related to their use in class supplemented by student feedback.

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A Waste of Shame

Author(s): Dragoș Avădanei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

This is a study focusing on six topological variants of William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 129; the concept of “topologies of culture” is borrowed from George Steiner’s After Babel, and refers to all kinds of transformations that a text – a cultural artefact for that matter – can go through, as a result of various perspectives upon it; topologies thus include paraphrase, translation, parody, burlesque, lampoon, pastiche, adaptation, imitation, parallelism, etc. Our six (types of) variants are: the original sonnet proper, a film that takes its title from the first line, a translation – in fact, two versions – into modern English, a prose translation into Romanian, criticism on the sonnet (five approaches), a Romanian literary version, and its re-translation into English; all together (and many other potential ones) are supposed to provide a complex picture of the meanings that can be extracted from the original.

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TOMAS HARDI U KRITICI NA BOSANSKOM, HRVATSKOM I SRPSKOM JEZIKU (DO 1941.GODINE)

Author(s): Murat Dizdarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 16/2012

Thomas Hardy, one of the greatest British novelists, from the late 19th and early 20th century during his lifetime was known only to a small number of intellectuals from the region of our linguistic areas. His most famous novel Tess of the d 'Urbervilles or pure woman, was translated into Croatian only in 1936, and this year may be considered as the year when Hardy entered into our culture. This paper presents all the reviews, critical reviews and articles about Hardy and his works, published in literary criticism and periodicals in the region of the former Yugoslavia since the first mention of his name until the Second World War, which were written in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian language. The reader, on the basis of all these articles about Hardy as a novelist and poet can as well get an image of him as a man, as a thinker and as a critic of his time, which has not been much changed even by the contemporary literary criticism.

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Binary Oppositions, Otherness, and Borders in David Greig's Europe

Author(s): Cüneyt Özata / Language(s): English Issue: Sp. Issue/2020

David Greig is a playwright from Scotland who has opened up to the world and has dealt with social, political and economic problems related to globalization, an issue of central focus and interest in his plays. The characters of Europe can be categorized under binary oppositions, and the main setting of the play, the train station, is representative of Europe as a continent. The existing system at this station parallels the social and economic structures seen in today's Europe. The train station, on the other hand, is the "in-between" space that connects the two poles, referring to a metaphor that corresponds to the in-betweenness in a society. The purpose of this study, putting this inbetween space in the centre, is to interpret the concepts "the other" and "border" and to examine, define and describe the binary oppositions such as Europeans vs immigrants, self vs the other, solidarity vs mobility, a running system vs a collapsing system, cleanliness vs dirt and structure vs restructure within the framework of this analysis and interpretation.

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SPECULATIONS ON PANENTHEISM IN LITERATURE, SINLESS SINNERS AND DEMONIC GOOD ANGELS IN MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN AND LORD OF THE FLIES

Author(s): Hacer Gozen,Timuçin Buğra Edman,Olga Karamalak,Sercan Arısoy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This study applies an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the selected works through panentheistic philosophy to visualize the abstract expressions and perception of theology and philosophy on panentheism using concrete and representational expressions of the selected novels. In the dystopian work Lord of the Flies by William Golding, this study benefits the limitless opportunities fiction offers to unveil the problem of evil and goes beyond the boundaries of the teachings, experiences and social norms the human world. The dystopian fiction Lord of the Flies, which portrays the inner and subconscious conflict between good and evil within individuals, is scrutinized from a panentheistic perspective to question the existence of evil. Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie, as a genre of magic realism and historiographic metafiction, will enlighten the study to reveal the conflicts between destruction and creation to clarify the problem of evil which is ambiguous from a panenthestic view.

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JOHN F. BADDELEY’İN AHISKA’YA İLİŞKİN GÖZLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Author(s): Ayşegül Kuş,Gülbadi Alan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 12/2021

Ahıska is in the south western part of the Caucasia in the Georgian lands. In the north and east of Ahıska lies Georgia; in the south lies Armenia, in the south western lies Turkey; in the west lies autonomous Ajarian Republic. The motherland of Ahıska Turks having been settled in the region from 16th century to the Russian conquest in 1828 and having been inseparable part of the Anatolian Turks is the Ahıska region, which is in territories of Georgia and the neighbour of Türkiye today. To some researchers the reason of why the Turks having settled there are called as “Ahıska Turks” stems from the fact that the geographical name of the region that covers those provinces is Ahıska. According to some, Ahıska “Ak-Sıka” (Ak Kale) in Dede Korkut and mentioned as “Akesga” in the records of the year 481 is the Turkish and Persian form of “Akhal-Tsikhe” which means “the New Castle” in Georgian. After the region had been under the Ottoman sovereignty for 250 years it went under the domination of Russia with the treaty of Adrionaple (Edirne) having been signed in 1829. This study is based on the observations and researches of the English traveler, John F. Baddeley related to Ahıska in the work titled as “The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus” published in 1908. The purpose of the study is to discuss and evaluate the information given by Baddeley as to how the Russia managed to conquer the Caucasia, especially Ahıska and make some contributions to the field of literature. Thus, it is aimed to enlighten the history of the Ahıska region and the Ahıska Turks, who have deep historical root and bond with Turkey.

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Mutual Exotization: Europe and the Balkans.Interview with Belfjore Qose and Christian Voß

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Mutual Exotization: Europe and the Balkans.Interview with Belfjore Qose and Christian Voß

Author(s): Vesna Goldsworthy ,Belfjore Qose,Christian Voss / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2021

Vesna Goldsworthy is currently professor of creative writing at the University of Exeter and the University of East Anglia. Her first book was “Inventing Ruritania. The Imperialism of the Imagination” (1998) in which she applies the constructivist and orientalist paradigm to Southeast Europe and depicts Balkan stereotypes in Western European travel writings and popular culture since the myth of Dracula. A dense summary of this reference work can be found in the anthology “The Balkans and the borders in the head” edited mostly in German in 2004 by Karl Kaser in the Austrian Wieser encyclopedia. Only from the very title an attentive reader could understand twenty years ago that Goldsworthy is way too good and too creative for a “normal academic”, so she switched to literature. Her memoir “Chernobyl Strawberries” from 2005 tells the story of her childhood and youth in Yugoslav Serbia. The German translation with the title “Heimweh nach Nirgendwo” was highly praised by Elke Heidenreich who after her career as a cabaret artist became popular as a book reviewer on TV and radio and was widely received. Goldsworthy’s poetry in “The Angel of Salonika” and her recent novels such as “Gorsky” and “Monsieur Ka” transpose her personal experience of migration, acculturation and intercultural perception and misunderstandings to London during the Cold War and the East-West bloc confrontation.

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“THEY BEGAN TO SING HIM A SORHLEOÐ”: POSSIBLE ECHOES OF THE ANGLO-SAXON FUNERARY RITES IN THE DREAM OF THE ROOD

Author(s): Łukasz Neubauer / Language(s): English Issue: 120/2019

The Dream of the Rood constitutes one of the most intriguing products of Old English literature, both in terms of its highly imaginative, heroicised depiction of Christ and the Cross and on account of its numerous Christian and pre-Christian intersections. One of the most arresting issues in it, however, particularly as regards the poem’s cultural background, is its mention of a sorhleoð (l. 67), the ‘sorrow-song’, or ‘dirge’ that the disciples begin to sing once they have placed the body of the Saviour in the sepulchre. Given that there is no mention of any songs being chanted at the time of Christ’s burial in the canonical Gospels, it seems rational to suggest that the anonymous poet must have supplied this ‘missing’ information on the basis of his own, perhaps somewhat antiquarian, knowledge of the burial customs in Anglo-Saxon England.

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Tolkien a teologia

Author(s): Tomasz Garbol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

The review of: 1) Piotr Anicet Gruszczyński: Problematyka zła w twórczości J.R.R. Tolkiena: Ocena w świetle teologii katolickiej, Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, 2018. Ss.320 2) Zob. S. Sawicki, Teologia literacka – teologia w literaturze – teologia literatury. Kilka uwag o terminach i metodzie, w: tenże, Wartość – Sacrum – Norwid 2. Szkice i studia aksjologicznoliterackie, Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2007, s. 59-64. 3) Zob. tenże, O utworach religijnie podejrzanych, w: tenże, Z pogranicza literatury i religii. Szkice, Redakcja Wydawnictw KUL, Lublin 1979, s. 25-41.

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Problemy z narracją. Kilka uwag po lekturze Davida Parkera

Author(s): Paweł Rodak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The present article constitutes an extended three-part commentary to the chapter Life Narrative and Languages of the Good from the book The Self in Moral Space: Life Narrative and the Good by David Parker. The first part of the paper is a critical discussion of the views espoused both by Parker and by Charles Taylor, whom Parker cites in his work. On the one hand, the author agrees that acquiring a sense of identity is practically impossible without a horizon of values which gives origin to our identity. On the other hand, he rejects the premises underlying this conclusion, primarily the assumption of a necessary iunctim between ethical consciousness and ethical acts and the literary-textual matrix of comprehending humans and the world. In the second part of the article, the author puts forward his own interpretation of the book Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes, independent from the one proposed by Parker, discussing it as an example of practicing identity in the form of a literary-typographical-visual performance. The third part of the paper seeks to open a broader discussion of narrativist concepts by indicating six issues connected with their application: the privileged position of cognitive processes in experiencing the world and one’s self; the perception of the world and humans through the lens of the textual model; the methodological principle of studying narrative textual products and not practices bringing them to life; the conceptualization of a textual subject as a lonely subject, isolated from the network of social relations; the universalization of the subject of narrative operations, lack of diversification of narrative practices by gender/sex and social class/group; the semiotic conceptualization of mundanity as an element of narrative identity.

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Shakespeare i Orijent: utjecaj šekspirijanske drame u Aziji

Author(s): Shahab Khan Yar / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2016

The history of drama in Asia is as old as the history of the world itself. In India however, according to the popular belief, the tradition of drama dates back to the prehistoric times. Due to this unique approach towards drama, that makes it a valuable divine gift for humanity, the esoteric significance of this art form has never seen decline in the cultural history of India. Drama, thus, acquires in Indian context a religious significance and represents as an art form the union of the celestial and the terrestrial. Drama (in Sanskrit Natak), in the Indian Subcontinent, has distinctive characteristic features. Essentially, as reflection of human existence, it is a combination of all the known art forms and, therefore, becomes the deepest expression of the human soul. The rise of Islamic culture and civilization in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries contributed to the amalgamation of the two great civilizations. The impact of the Muslim culture in transforming the classical features of Indian music, architecture, science, literature, etc. can by no means be undermined. By the end of the sixteenth century, the century of liberal humanism and coincidently the era of the rise of the Mughal Empire, the theatrical art had gained enormous significance in India. There is enough evidence to believe that Shakespeare’s plays were first performed in India during the reign of the Mughals (1526-1857). Later, the newly emerging colonial power, the English, in its first stronghold in India, Calcutta, established alongside other bureaucratic, political and educational institutions, the Garrison Theater. The earliest performances at this theater date back to 1770s and the first ever documented English play on the Indian soil happens to be Shakespeare’s Othello. Shakespeare’s unique dramatic structure smoothly found its place of prominence in the cultural life of India, offering new dimensions to the already existing rich local tradition and at the same time enriching its own dramatic expression. Today, all the major educational institutions of the Subcontinent cherish the tradition of mounting on stage the annual performances of Shakespeare’s plays and the cinematographic tradition has incorporated his works into its popular tradition from the very beginning of the history of the film industry in India.

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ОДБРАНА ПОЕЗИЈЕ: РУСКИ ФОРМАЛИЗАМ И НОВА КРИТИКА

Author(s): Jovana Pavićević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 73/2020

The paper aims to present the key concepts that two formalist schools of thought developed in order to defend poetry as a miracle of communication. Russian Formalism takes Shklovsky’s defamiliarization (остранение) as its key concept and the trans-sense language (zaum) of Russian Futurist poets as a basis for analysing what constitutes differentia specifica of poetry. The ideas of the Russian formalist school, through Roman Jakobson, spread first to Eastern Europe, and then to the United States of America, where they influenced a group of critics, who were already inspired by T.S. Eliot’s and I. A. Richards’ ideas on poetic language and communication, to develop a new critical methodology. The name “New Criticism” was supposed to indicate that this school of thought was about different approaches and new tendencies in criticism. As the paper demonstrates, the key representatives of New Criticism are particularly interested in exploring the function of poetry and of criticism as well as the nature of poetic imagination and language. In order to examine what the poem says as a poem, they developed the practice of close reading and focused on metaphor, paradox, and specific method by which a poet transforms his experience into a poem as autonomous features of poetic expression. The special terminology introduced by Russian Formalism and New Criticism, and the complex, ironic and intellectual language they used not only managed to throw light on what specific problems of the science of literature were, but also enabled a defence through poetry – a kind of resuscitation and refinement of non-literary reality.

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THE DOUBLE VISION OF JOSEPH CONRAD: "HEART OF DARKNESS", A CONTRADICTION IN TERMS

Author(s): Mirko Ž. Šešlak / Language(s): English Issue: 73/2020

This article aims to explore the background of the dispute started by Chinua Achebe in his famous essay “An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness”. The novel in ques- tion has become the subject of the dispute on whether it is deserving of being considered a great work of art. The reasons behind Achebe’s claim that it is not are the dehumanization of Africans found in various scenes throughout the novel, as well as the depiction of Africa itself as the barbaric and hostile other to civilized Europe. As in any such claim, while some support it, others find it faulty. There are those such as Achebe who would judge Conrad for the same reasons others, such as Bratlinger, Said, Mnthali, or Ngugi Wa Thiong’o, see him as the product of his time. This article will attempt to explore some of these claims and, if possible, determine the extent of their validity.

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Nasi bogowie nie noszą już spandexu. Boskość w serii "The Wicked + Divine"

Author(s): Angelika Funek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2019

The Comparison between the comic books’ superheroes and gods often appears in the scientific discourse. This phenomenon is linked to the human need for creating new idols. In their comic book titled The Wicked and the Divine, Kieron Gillen and Jamie McKelvie are going one step further and decide to create a whole new pantheon, designed to fit our century. Creators did not design new gods, they used various pantheons and reincarnated them in new, different bodies. In this article, I will be considering the role of divinity and its place in the modern world. In order to achieve this, I will use comparative analysis between the main series of The Wicked and the Divine and two special one-shots — first set in the twenties of the twentieth century, second in the beginning of the nineteenth century — to highlight the differences in the role of gods and divinity in different period of time. The article will also concentrate on the form of the bodies that the gods gain due to the reincarnation, and the impact of this phenomenon on the place that they take in society.

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“UNFATHOMABLE CALMNESS”: BETRAYAL TRAUMA, SILENCE AND DISSOCIATION IN THE SECRET AGENT

Author(s): Imen Chemengui / Language(s): English Issue: XIV/2019

With the rise of trauma theory in late 19th century, researchers have focused on foregrounding the significance of some catastrophic events that pertain mainly to the collective, leaving other forms of trauma and their psychological aftermath on the individual underrepresented. In this paper, I focus on social traumas in Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Agent, which seems to be overlooked by some critics whose insights highlight primarily its political aspect. The events of the novel revolve around the peculiar and traumatic experience of Winnie Verloc whose life is rife with betrayal and violence. Her recurrent exposure to successive shocking events culminates in her dissociation and, consequently, her suicide. To pin down what lies beneath Winnie’s ambiguity, aloofness and silence in the novel, I mainly rely on trauma theory, drawing from studies on PTSD, betrayal and dissociation by several trauma scholars, such as, Cathy Caruth, Shoshana Felman, Jennifer Freyd, and others. Furthermore, this paper examines the inextricability of the past from the present in trauma through the breadth scrutiny of Winnie’s psychological response to her excruciating experience. Hence the way the appalling past returns unbidden to shake Winnie’s present.

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Pour une traduction des émotions dans les albums de littérature de jeunesse

Author(s): Anne-Marie Dionne / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2020

The translation of the emotions of the characters in picture books is done not only by the text, but also by the illustrations, as well as by the relationship between those two components. Hence, in order to analyze the contextual relationships that are translating emotions, we looked at three picture books produced by the author and illustrator Anthony Browne. We were able to find examples for the translation of joy, sadness, anger, and fear. Such picture books provide good support to young children for developing their understanding of the emotional world.

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Memory and Reflective Nostalgia in "To the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf and "The Go-Between" by L. P. Hartley

Author(s): Sylwia Janina Wojciechowska / Language(s): English Issue: 14(43)/2021

The mode of nostalgia for past happiness is central in contemporary accounts of earlier epochs, and it becomes particularly visible in British prose fiction set in the first half of the twentieth century. I argue that in such accounts memories and recollections are shaped by the mode of nostalgia. This paper focuses on the aspects of reflective nostalgia as recently theorized by Svetlana Boym. It opens with a short introduction into the history of nostalgia and the experience of war for generating a nostalgic longing for the past. It also elaborates on the etymological issues and implications suggested by concepts of nostos [the return] and algos [pain]. I would argue that memories featured in British twentieth-century prose fiction are influenced by the workings of nostalgia which may be either idealizing or imbued with pain and sorrow. Consequently, I claim that the focus placed on the act of nostos promotes the interplay of nostalgia and the pastoral mode; by contrast, the expression of algos rather selects the elegiac mode. Thus, the paper seeks to prove that the different foci of nostalgia influence the modality of the twentieth-century prose fiction, as exemplified in “To the Lighthouse” by Virginia Woolf and “The Go-Between” by L. P. Hartley.

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Powieść mashupowa jako współczesny kulturowo- literacki miszmasz, czyli dlaczego wiktoriańskie powieści nawiedziły zombie, wilkołaki i wampiry

Author(s): Katarzyna Szeremeta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The following article aims to expound the phenomenon of parodical genre of literary mashups (or novels-as-mashups). This recent pop-cultural trend, initiated by Seth Grahame-Smith and Quirk Classics’ series Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, has witnessed numerous followers and generated a new type of projected reader. This controversial, verging on plagiarism collaborative endeavour pairs contemporary writers and the authors of (mainly Victorian) classics. However, the latter’s participation is of posthumous nature. The following literary and cultural phenomenon has large intermedial potential, since several mashups have recently welcomed film adaptations. The main objective is to discuss the definition and typology of mashups, the origins of this pop-cultural phenomenon, its genological hybridity, commercial success, projected readers’ competences as well as ensuing nostalgic and ironic implications of literary mashups.

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DEVOTIONAL DISCOURSE AND FEMALE AUTHORSHIP: FROM THE STEELE CIRCLE TO MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT

Author(s): Adina Ciugureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The article brings into discussion the case of a few exceptional women who wrote, published, and became popular in the Age of Reason as poets, critics, and activists. They were considered as Nonconformist because they belonged to the Baptist or Unitarian Church and did not follow the mainstream Church of England views. On the other hand, the end of the eighteenth century witnessed the rise of Romantic aesthetics and of a number of nature poets. The questions this article attempts to answer refer both to the influence of the Biblical discourse on a group of women’s literary and non-literary productions and to the way in which the emerging Romantic aesthetics also impacted their work. How did devotional poetry go along Romantic principles and feminist views? Anne Steele’s and Mary Steele’s poetry, Mary Scott’s and Mary Wollstonecraft’s feminist agenda will be highlighted in the analysis.

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Shakespeare in the Box: Gregory Doran’s Hamlet (2009)

Author(s): Ana-Maria Iftimie / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

A constant in the history of film since its inception, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Prince of Denmark has been delivered to filmgoers throughout the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries in various adaptation schemata of the three versions of the text available for free interpretation and reprocessing. While Laurence Olivier’s, Franco Zeffirelli’s and Kenneth Branagh’s acclaimed ‘multimodal rewritings’ seem to have acquired critical consensus, tens of other Hamlet films are launched regularly, placing the young Dane’s tragedy in the most unexpected settings or periods of time. A telling example is Gregory Doran’s 2009 filmed theatrical performance, which places Elsinore in a modern-day British society under constant surveillance, probably with a view to transposing the old Elizabethan habits of espionage and control of the population in a manner both accessible and relatable to the contemporary viewer. This paper contends that, by using surveillance devices, such as CCTV or hand-held cameras, and by redesigning King Hamlet’s ghost as the ultimate embodiment of the watchful eye of the (divine?) authority, the film brings to the fore the timelessness of the Shakespearean themes.

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