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W poszukiwaniu jednostki mowy.

W poszukiwaniu jednostki mowy.

Author(s): Jolanta Antas,Małgorzata Majewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1&2/2016

Celem tego artykułu jest rewizja takich pojęć jak zdanie, wypowiedź, akt mowy, zdarzenie komunikacyjne w obliczu nowych potrzeb badawczych i szerszego rozumienia języka – języka uwikłanego w złożony proces komunikowania, a zatem jako narzędzia służącego nie tyle do produkcji znaczeń, ile do ich przekazywania i interpersonalnego współtworzenia. Z takiej perspektywy język jawi się nie jako system, ale jako jedno z narzędzi symbolizowania znaczeń i intencjonalnych przesłań, które służą do wytwarzania i regulowania więzi społecznych. Zamiarem autorek jest zatem taka redefinicja tradycyjnych dla językoznawstwa i pragmatyki mowy pojęć, aby stały się one dobrym narzędziem dla opisu typu zdarzenia komunikacyjnego i wytworzonej jednostkowej interakcji. Chcemy też usunąć istniejące zamieszanie terminologiczne, tzn. wyeliminować używanie tych samych pojęć dla określenia innych zjawisk mownych lub innych poziomów mowy, a w rezultacie zhierarchizować te pojęcia oraz wytyczyć im przejrzyste ramy definicyjne. A wszystko to po to, by w tych ramach dała się zawrzeć także perspektywa odbiorcy jako czynnego uczestnika i współtwórcy komunikacyjnego zdarzenia, wypowiedzi, a nawet zdania. // The article aims at a revision of such terms as sentence, utterance, speech act, or communication event in view of new research needs and a broader understanding of language as involved in a complex communication process and thus considered a tool of not only generating meanings, but also conveying them in interpersonal collaboration. From such a perspective language appears to be not only a system, but also one of the tools of symbolizing meanings and intentional acts which serve the purpose of generating and regulating social bonds. The purpose of the authors is thus to define traditional linguistic concepts in order to makes them good tools to describe the types of communication events and the ensuing individual interactions. We also intend to resolve the existing terminological confusion, i.e. to eliminate the employment of the same terms to describe different speech events and different levels of speech, and as a result to place the concepts in a hierarchy and assign them clear definitions. All this is undertaken in order to fit in the perspective of the observer as an active participant and contributor to the communication event, utterance or even a sentence.

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Dzieje innych miłości, czyli o nieprzekładalności
bezwzględnej w tekstach o wartościach w sztuce

Dzieje innych miłości, czyli o nieprzekładalności bezwzględnej w tekstach o wartościach w sztuce

Author(s): Teresa Bałuk-Ulewiczowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1&2/2016

Autorka stawia pytanie o nieprzekładalność „absolutną”, czyli o to, co nie dociera do obcojęzycznego odbiorcy translacji. Na podstawie albumu o zabytkach kultury polskiej przechowywanych w Bibliotece Narodowej w Warszawie, w wersji angielskiej tłumaczonej z polskiego oryginału i mogącej służyć za wzór znakomitego przekładu, ukazuje, jak teksty odnoszące się do sztuki narodowej mogą zawierać takie pułapki dla tłumacza. Mimo doskonałego wykonania przekładu, u docelowego odbiorcy z innego kręgu kulturowego tłumaczenie nie wywołuje tych samych reakcji na specyficzne, inherentne wartości tekstu pierwotnego, doznawanych przez czytelników należących do społeczności kulturowej tekstu wyjściowego. // The author asks whether there is such a thing as “absolute” untranslatability. In other words, do situations occur in which the full translatability of a text is prevented no matter how good the translation and how skilful the translator? She examines the English translation of a volume on national heirlooms, items of Polish heritage preserved in the National Library in Warsaw. This translation may be regarded as a benchmark for quality, yet it turns out that recipients not belonging to the Polish cultural milieu will not be able to respond emotionally in the same way as natives to the cultural values inherent in the original text.

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Phraseologische Strukturen in Hermann Kinders autobiografischer Krankheitserzählung „Der Weg allen Fleisches“ (2014)

Phraseologische Strukturen in Hermann Kinders autobiografischer Krankheitserzählung „Der Weg allen Fleisches“ (2014)

Author(s): Christian Thienel / Language(s): German Issue: 73/2020

Hermann Kinder’s novel contains a conspicuous number of phraseological elements, which is unusual for the writing style of this author. The article describes the accumulation of phraseological and idiomatic material and its usage as a literary stylistic resource. The analysis focuses on the relation of the linguistic appearance and the aesthetic function of the phraseologisms. Therefore, the article intends to contribute to an interdisciplinary method of interpretation, linking linguistic and literary studies. It also includes psychoanalytic concepts to describe the author’s specific linguistic expression of his autobiographical experience of illness. The aesthetic function of the phraseologisms and idiomatic phrases changes in relation to the novel’s progress. In the beginning, collocations increase the cohesion of the text in order to create an image of health. When the disease becomes more and more evident, the emotional affection of the protagonist is being controlled by formulistic linguistic elements. In addition, the author unmasks the pragmatic automatism of the medical language and the failure of its empathetic function by ironically evoking the ambiguity of idiomatic phrases. As a contrast, the narrator refers back to a comforting symbolic language by using linguistic patterns of fairy tales as an imitation of phraseological components. As a result, the analysis indicates that the inclusion of phraseological material in this literary pathobiography seems to provide a linguistic space of shelter for the suffering protagonist.

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Metapragmatic stereotypes and humour:

Metapragmatic stereotypes and humour:

Author(s): Vasia Tsami / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The present study concentrates on the potential of mass culture texts to impose specific metapragmatic stereotypes (Agha 2007) through humour on the wider audience. Metapragmatic stereotypes constitute speakers’ internalized models of how language should or should not be used; such models guide speakers’ own language use and enable them to make evaluations about their own language behaviour or that of others. In this context, I explore the dominant metapragmatic stereotypes for the interpretation and perception of humorous mass culture texts. To this end, I analyse a humorous Greek TV advertisement of a telecommunications company. Drawing upon Coupland’s (2007) conceptualization of style and the General Theory of Verbal Humour (Attardo 2001), I intend to show that humour reflects, sustains, and reproduces the dominant metapragmatic stereotypes of linguistic homogenisation and monolingualism (Blommaert & Rampton 2011). Then, I explore how the audience perceives the representation of stylistic choices in mass culture texts and, more specifically, in the analysed advertisement. My informants were 96 students of the last two grades of a Greek elementary school. The recipients’ responses show that their metapragmatic stereotypes are aligned with the dominant ones: they approach stylistic choices as strictly-defined systems used in specific social contexts and they expect the alignment of TV fictional characters with linguistic homogeneity. My findings suggest that humour stigmatises specific styles, and that the audience perceive the respective (and reinforced through humour) metapragmatic stereotypes as guidelines for “correct” stylistic use. Furthermore, it seems that through humour, such stereotypes usually go unnoticed in mass culture texts and may even become naturalised, as they are framed in a “trivial” and “non-serious” manner.

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Stilističke odlike Hasan-agina performativnog iskaza u engleskim prijevodima bošnjačke balade “Hasanaginica”

Stilističke odlike Hasan-agina performativnog iskaza u engleskim prijevodima bošnjačke balade “Hasanaginica”

Author(s): Amina Arnautović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2020

The paper problematizes the ways in which the performative speech act of the verses twelve and thirteen in the Bosniak ballad “Hasanaginica” has been interpreted and translated in its English target texts. The performative speech act is analyzed in the light of J. Austin’s Speech Act Theory, along with certain rules in Sharia law regarding irrevocable divorce (al-baynuna al-kubra). Aiming to raise awareness of the importance of style in translation, the paper further confirms the value of the results obtained through linguo-stylistic analysis of the texts involved.

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Wspólny schemat jako motywacja polskich odpowiedników angielskiego przyimka for

Wspólny schemat jako motywacja polskich odpowiedników angielskiego przyimka for

Author(s): Katarzyna Rudkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2018

Equipping a linguist with effective analytical tools for contrastive analyses, cognitive methodologies provide access to subtle details of schematic representations in the languages compared, facilitating a deeper insight into the structures of languages at the conceptualization level. This paper presents the cognitive value of the contrastive analyses conducted in the vein of R. Langackerʼs Cognitive Grammar and with reference to the image schema theory, and their contribution to a more multifaceted description of the English preposition for and some of its Polish equivalents. Cognitive analyses allow for identifying the path image schema as the most abstract schema that structures the semantic content of for, and the transformations of which sanction the choice of particular Polish prepositions as its equivalents.

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EL-KURTUBI - SLAVNI ANDALUZIJSKI MUFESSIR

EL-KURTUBI - SLAVNI ANDALUZIJSKI MUFESSIR

Author(s): Dževad Šošić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2011

A prominent Andalusian scholar Abu Abdullah Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Qurtubi, a member of Maliki Law School, made a significant contribution to the development of various Islamic sciences, particularly the development of Qur'anic exegesis. His work Al-Jaami' li ahkam al-Qur'an, written in more than twenty volumes, is considered to be one of the most valuable achievements of Qur'an interpretations.

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МЕТАФОРЕ СА ЦИЉНИМ ДОМЕНОМ ИДЕЈА У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

МЕТАФОРЕ СА ЦИЉНИМ ДОМЕНОМ ИДЕЈА У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

Author(s): Tamara Janevska / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 73/2020

By taking a cognitive-linguistic approach to metaphor, in this paper we deal with the abstract concept IDEA and the way it is understood and experienced in contemporary Serbian language. The research is aimed at determining some of the possible source domains that allow us to conceptualize the aforementioned concept. The corpus consists of sentences, found in Serbian daily papers Politika and Blic, which illustrate the identified metaphors. The analysis shows that this target domain can be understood in terms of various different source domains. We have decided to confine our attention to seven conceptual metaphors that allow us to comprehend different aspects of the concept IDEA. Namely, the results of the research show that ideas can be structured by the following metaphors: IDEAS ARE LIVING BEINGS, IDEAS ARE TOYS, IDEAS ARE FOOD, IDEAS ARE FORCE, IDEAS ARE RESOURCES, IDEAS ARE VALUABLE COMMODITIES and IDEAS ARE WEAPONS. We shall begin by identifying the linguistic expressions so as to explain the underlying similarities between the domains present in the metaphors stated above.

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КОМУНІКАТИВНО-ПРАГМАТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДРАМАТИЧНОГО ТЕКСТУ ЯК РІЗНОВИДУ ХУДОЖНЬОГО МОВЛЕННЯ

КОМУНІКАТИВНО-ПРАГМАТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДРАМАТИЧНОГО ТЕКСТУ ЯК РІЗНОВИДУ ХУДОЖНЬОГО МОВЛЕННЯ

Author(s): Ivanna Struk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2021

The article formulates the theoretical foundations of the study of dramatic text, distinguishes between the concepts of “dramatic text” (affects the reader) and “dramatic work” (verbalizes the theatrical action for the viewer), because these linguistic realities are in the relationship of inclusion. A dramatic text is a unity organized according to certain laws, which has a clear structure: a certain number of lines, designed with the help of the author's remark, forms a dialogical unity; the combination of dialogic units forms a scene; the set of scenes constitute an act; several acts create a complete work. Obligatory factors of expressiveness of the dramatic text that influence the development of dialogic parts of the characters are pragmatic components of speech which are considered as certain rules of successful communication. In the communicative-pragmatic paradigm dramatic text is defined as a specific type of artistic text that has its own structural and speech features due to a combination of informational, pragmatic, stylistic and cognitive aspects, where the pragmatic aspect is found in speech acts, syntactic organization of cues. The scientific novelty of the research is DT of Bukovinian’s writers of the late nineteenth – early twentieth century that have not yet been the subject of analysis. The relevance of scientific research requires a holistic analysis of the dramatic text and difference between the concepts of “dramatic text” and “dramatic composition”, the study of mandatory factors of expressiveness of dramatic text, influencing the development of dialogic parts. The following methods and techniques of linguistic analysis are used in the article: system-functional analysis, method of discussion analysis, contextual-interpretive method. Conclusions. Dramatic text is a complex phenomenon with its own peculiarities of functioning. It is possible to penetrate into the structure of a dramatic text, to reveal the meaning of the author's intentions due to the volume-pragmatic division of the text. The communicative-pragmatic organization of DT influences the processes of active aesthetic influence of a work of art on the consciousness of the addressee. We see the prospect of the represented research in the further deepening of knowledge about the categorical features of the text in the communicative-pragmatic aspect.

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Connotations of Significance and their Visualization in Slovak Poems by Imrich Fuhl

Connotations of Significance and their Visualization in Slovak Poems by Imrich Fuhl

Author(s): Patrik Šenkár / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The paper points out the existence of the Slovak poetic word in presentday Hungary. It aims to identify the themes, creative procedures, methods and means of expression used in the Slovak poems by Imrich Fuhl. Based on a methodological basis, it follows the specific attributes of the complex being of the individual in this chronotope. It puts a special emphasis on those poems that are supported by visualization in one way or another inhis two published poetry collections. It characterizes the connection between Fuhl‘s poetry and selected visual concretizations of his texts. In addition, individual prototexts follow not only the intricate fates of a multicultural lyrical subject, but also its natural, universal, specific objectifications. With the gradual interpretation of these forms, Fuhl‘s (at that time natural) youthful temperament is also at the forefront. In such a perception, the poetically depicted – even oxymoronic – world is altered, developed, perfected, but also criticized, dishonoured, reduced: until (in a certain existential and cultural sense of the word) it degenerates. Calligrams, icons, parodies, and visual “materializations” are also mentioned as multidimensional poetic objects of these processes. The contribution also uses specific excerpts from the originals, respectively metatexts of experts in the field, which actually illustrate the way of thinking. The result and contribution of the text is the presentation of generally valid but also specific features of the author and his extraordinary literary work in given geographical and culturalcoordinates.

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Les petites phrases dans la communication rioplatense

Les petites phrases dans la communication rioplatense

Author(s): Damián Fernández Pedemonte,Monique Vaughan / Language(s): French Issue: 27 (1)/2021

This article describes the linguistic function of sound bite phrases in the discourse of two Latin-American left-wing politicians, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in Argentina and José Mujica in Uruguay, and analyzes the echo that these phrases have in the media. The purpose is to study whether their usage in the media-political scenario is a phenomenon with identifiable idiosyncratic discursive mechanisms.

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STO TRIDESETA GODIŠNJICA GRAMATIKE BOSANSKOGA JEZIKA

STO TRIDESETA GODIŠNJICA GRAMATIKE BOSANSKOGA JEZIKA

Author(s): Muhamed Šator / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2020

Kao što je poznato, Gramatika bosanskog jezika štampana je 1890. godine, ćirilicom i latinicom, a doživjela je nekoliko izdanja i bila udžbenik prema kome su se ravnali i iz koga su jezik učili mnogi školovani ljudi iz Bosne i Hercegovine. Ta činjenica je u našoj nauci gotovo potpuno zanemarena, a još uvijek nema detaljne studije o ovom udžbeniku koji je za izgradnju jezičnog standarda u Bosni i Hercegovini bio temeljno polazište. Gramatika je na temeljima tadašnjih saznanja o jeziku sistematizirala jezičke činjenice i ustalila pravopisne odredbe u vremenu kada je i u Srbiji, a naročito u Hrvatskoj, još uvijek bilo mnogo pravopisnih dilema i različitih pravopisnih koncepcija.

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Административный восторг: крылатое слово Достоевского как средство оценки в тексте СМИ

Административный восторг: крылатое слово Достоевского как средство оценки в тексте СМИ

Author(s): Jelena Jegorowa / Language(s): Russian Issue: 169/2020

The given paper is dedicated to the analysis of the word combination “administrative delight,” which was firstly used by F. Dostoevsky in his novel Demons to describe the bureaucratic arbitrariness, and later on became a figure of speech. By considering the examples of the usage of the mentioned stylistic device in Russian, Ukrainian and Polish mass media, the context extension and the change of semantics were pointed out by the author of the paper. The undertaken research leads to the conclusion about the universality and the convincing factor of the viability of the figure of speech created by F. Dostoevsky.

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Оценочность в медийном тексте — интерпретации переводчика

Оценочность в медийном тексте — интерпретации переводчика

Author(s): Alicja Pstyga / Language(s): Russian Issue: 169/2020

The paper touches the matter of evaluation in press discourse which is presented from the perspective of Russian press articles translation into Polish language. Axiology in terms of press articles translation — creative, also usually persuasive, in which various means are used as carriers of evaluative connotations describing the matter of statement in negative or positive way — prompts us to consider to what extent the original evaluation is reproduced (or changed). The author proves that the holistic view on original and translated media texts allows to discover also other important elements of press articles structure which presence, emphasis or omission influences axiological valuation.

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Роман Мастер и Маргарита: трудности перевода советских реалий (на примере южнославянских языков)

Роман Мастер и Маргарита: трудности перевода советских реалий (на примере южнославянских языков)

Author(s): Natalia Lunkova,Nadezhda Starikova,Evgenia Shatko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 167/2019

The article deals with the ways of transferring words and phrases naming things, phenomena, and objects typical for life, daily routine and culture of the Muscovites during the first decades of Soviet power, used for translation of the novel “The Master and Margarita” into South Slavic (Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian) languages. The complexity of the novel’s artistic structure, the combination of several cultural, historical and religious traditions, stylistic and linguistic layers, possess a very difficult task for translators. One of the necessary conditions for its solution is the presence in the translated edition a reference device (reference comments) explaining difficult passages.

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Международна научна конференция „Българският език, литература и култура – пътища през мултикултурния свят“ (Неапол, 18 – 21 ноември 2021)

Международна научна конференция „Българският език, литература и култура – пътища през мултикултурния свят“ (Неапол, 18 – 21 ноември 2021)

Author(s): Maya Padeshka / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The text contains information about the international scientific conference for Bulgarians and Slavic’s Scholars “Bulgarian language, literature and culture – roads through the multicultural world”. It briefly presents the organization and the main thematic areas, as well as the presented reports.

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СИНТАКСИЧКО-СТИЛИСТИЧКЕ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ ЈЕДИНИЦА БЕЗ ПРЕДИКАТА У РОМАНУ "ТВРЂАВА" МЕШЕ СЕЛИМОВИЋА

СИНТАКСИЧКО-СТИЛИСТИЧКЕ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ ЈЕДИНИЦА БЕЗ ПРЕДИКАТА У РОМАНУ "ТВРЂАВА" МЕШЕ СЕЛИМОВИЋА

Author(s): Julijana S. Despotović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 76/2021

In the novel The Fortress by Mesa Selimovic, we have noticed various deviations from the usual sentence structure. Since the focus of the paper is units without a predicate which are statements, the examples from the novel are analyzed from a syntactic and stylistic standpoint. We have singled out the units that are a product of partial sentence structure and are contextually based, followed by contex- tually based questions, statements in the Vocative case as opposed to the Nominative and statements that show a great degree of independence within the context. This independence is related to the formal plan of the aforementioned units, seeing that their meaning is still in close relation to the context. While contextually dependent units contribute to the emotional aspect and dynamics of the narration, the contextually independent units pacify the narrative, summarize it and add to the vividness and symbolism of the prose text.

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О КАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМА ЕКСПРЕСИВА У РОМАНУ „НАШЕ ТАМНОВАЊЕ“ ЈЕЗДИМИРА ДАНГИЋА

О КАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМА ЕКСПРЕСИВА У РОМАНУ „НАШЕ ТАМНОВАЊЕ“ ЈЕЗДИМИРА ДАНГИЋА

Author(s): Dušan M. Pejić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 76/2021

This paper deals with expressive vocabulary as a liguistic-stylistic dominant in Jezdimir Dangić's novel Our Imprisonment. The main focus is placed on lexemes which disappeared from the active lexical layer between Dangić's time and today, or their usage became territorially limited, which makes this paper an addition to the study of the history of Serbian expressive vocabulary. In the paper, we also particu- larly highlight the stylistic effects of expressive vocabulary in literary and artistic works, especially the way expressives are used as a medium of literary characters' characterisation.

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СТИЛИСТИЧКА АНАЛИЗА КОМПОЗИЦИЈЕ, ЛЕКСИКЕ И ТУЂЕГ ГОВОРА У ПЕСМИ „ЖЕНИДБА БЕГА ЉУБОВИЋА“ ХАЏИ РАДОВАНА БЕЋИРОВИЋА ТРЕБЈЕШКОГ

СТИЛИСТИЧКА АНАЛИЗА КОМПОЗИЦИЈЕ, ЛЕКСИКЕ И ТУЂЕГ ГОВОРА У ПЕСМИ „ЖЕНИДБА БЕГА ЉУБОВИЋА“ ХАЏИ РАДОВАНА БЕЋИРОВИЋА ТРЕБЈЕШКОГ

Author(s): Arsenije M. Sretković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 76/2021

This paper discusses the stylistic features of the epic poem The Marriage of Beg Ljubović by Radovan Bećirović. The analysis includes composition, vocabulary and direct speech. The aim of the paper is to shed light on the peculiarities of composi- tion, to record lexical layers and to determine the used models of transmitting direct speech. The ultimate goal is to determine the stylistic features that differentiate the poem The Marriage of Beg Ljubović from other epic poems as well as from other poems from Radovan Bećirović’s opus. The composition of the poem is quite complex, the vocabulary is layered, and the direct speech proves to be a successful stylistic means by which dramatization is achieved. The analytical-descriptive method was used in the paper. Unlike traditional epic poems, the poem The Marriage of Beg Ljubović contains descriptions of psychological states, descriptions of landscapes and descriptions of heroes. Description often replaces narration. On the lexical level, the appearance of neologisms is noticed as a differential feature. Using the forms of direct and indirect speech, the discourses of the heroes are introduced into the poem. Several variations of direct speech have been noted: true, unintroduced and free.

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Journalistic clichés under the conceptual “umbrella” of isotopies: “linguistic pathologies in vogue”† or “mirror-words” of psychosocial reality?

Author(s): Armanda Ramona Stroia / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2020

The present paper examines the dominant isotopies under which linguistic clichés emerge in the context of the intense media coverage of the current COVID19 pandemic. The analysis of the linguistic automatisms excerpted from the online journalistic discourse proved to be prolific in identifying additional features of the linguistic “behaviour” of clichés. Furthermore, the investigation facilitated our understanding of the underlying motivations, implications, and potential effects triggered by the use of specific prefabricated structures. As a general remark, the analysis of these dominant overused schemes revealed how media institutions overuse, under the pressure of the international model, specific lexico-semantic isotopies which exploit prefabricated structures from distinct fields: war, particularly the area of pyrotechnic elements(“explosion of new cases”, “huge explosion of Covid cases”), the semantic area of natural disasters subsumed to liquidity (“a new wave of COVID”, “anti-Covid control wave”, “death wave”, “a wave of hateful comments”, “wave of infections/confirmations/illnesses”, “flood of accusations/fines”, “tsunami of COVID-19 patients/displacements”). We have also identified journalistic automatisms circumscribed to the isotopy of the economy(“epidemiological balance”), ranking and sports competition (statistical clichés: “top of infections”, “Covid top”, “top Covid infections”, “European top of Covid evolution”, “vaccine race”, among others), disaster (clichés of melodramatic excess, salient to tabloid journalism: “disaster”, “chaos”, “nightmare”, “COVID-19 drama”). For the present article, we channeled our investigative effort only towards the first two dominant isotopies. To achieve these objectives, we proposed a two-dimensional research model. Specifically, we correlated the data obtained through conjugating linguistic micro-parameters (semantic, stylistic features, lexical and morpho-syntactic patterns) and macrolevel variables (pragmatic, psycholinguistic aspects, perspectives derived from the sociology of media communication, critical analysis of discourse, among others). The investigation results revealed that these linguistic patterns, analyzed under the conceptual “umbrella” of isotopy, can function as rhetorical and lexicosemantic strategies through which journalists activate the receptors’ affective responses. Consequently, media discourse can trigger and maintain artificial states of anxiety, panic, and restlessness. Over time, this journalistic operation leads, through the impact of obsessive repetition, to the passive consumption of media representations and cultural stereotypes, of preconceived ideas.

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