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REGRESYVINĖ BALSIŲ ASIMILIACIJA: NOMENKLATŪRINĖ POŽYMIO KAITA PLUNGIŠKIŲ POŽIŪRIU

Author(s): Simona Vyniautaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 87/2022

The article addresses the nomenclatural change of regressive vowel assimilation as the main distinguishing feature of the subdialects of the Northern Samogitian of Telšiai and Kretinga. It attempts to determine to what extent the residents of Plungė are aware of regressive vowel assimilation as the distinguishing feature of Northern Samogitian and to evaluate the change of this feature. The article draws upon the methods of dynamic dialectology and perceptual dialectology. After analysing the comments provided by the informants from Plungė on regressive vowel assimilation and other dialectal features of Northern Samogitian subdialects, it was established that vowel assimilation is rarely considered a distinguishing feature of Northern Samogitian subdialects. This feature is usually observed but it is assigned a marginal differential value. Other phonetic, morphological and lexical differences are considered more important and significant. Regressive vowel assimilation is also associated with the influence of non-dialectal speaking.

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Lingvistinés stilistikos uzuomazgos Prano SkardZiaus ir Petro Joniko darbuose

Author(s): Vaida Knabikaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 46/2002

The article deals with the approach of the Lithuanian linguists Pranas Skardzius (1899-1975) and Petras Jonikas (1906-1996) to the object of stylistics in the 1930s. The influence of Ch. Bally’s ideas and the Prague Linguistic School on the views of Jonikas and Skardzius is also discussed.

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Deminutyvy seka ir funkcionavimas tekste

Author(s): Jurgita Macienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 46/2002

In the Lithuanian linguistic tradition, diminutives are described as an expressive device belonging to the domain of stylistics. Diminutives are often used in combination with their basic nouns. The two can be used in immediate juxtaposition or be separated from each other. The diminutive may either precede or follow the basic word, and sometimes the two patterns are combined. The examples (from the concordance compiled by the Centre of Computational Linguistics of Kaunas University and from literary and publicistic writing) reveal four functions of diminutives, two of them basic (specifying and evaluative), and two secondary (aesthetic and cohesion-enhancing). A diminutive can perform several functions at the same time. The above-mentioned functions can also receive various degrees of emphasis, depending on the position of the diminutive, the type of diminutive and its referential status. Sometimes these properties are additionally marked by other linguistics devices.

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Snekos akto dalyviy strategija, socialiniai vaidmenys ir tipai lietuviy kalboje

Author(s): Egidijus Zaikauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 46/2002

The article deals with the theory of speech act participants. It is based mainly on Austin’s theory of performatives and on Grice’s maxims of communication. The theoretical claims are illustrated mainly with Lithuanian examples of performative speech act types. Three aspects of the study of speech act participants are singled out: (a) communicative strategies, (b) social roles and (c) types of speaker’s and hearer’s roles as defined with respect to illocutionary acts. Both participants may choose either a constructive or a destructive communicative strategy. Performatives reduce to a minimum the possibility of selecting a destructive strategy but do not eliminate it altogether. A correct assessment of the speaker’s and the hearer’s social roles determines the way in which the speaker makes explicit his illocutionary intention and the way in which the hearer interprets it. Types of speakers and hearers (addressees) are defined not only with respect to illocutionary force, but also with respect to the circumstances of the speech act and the way in which it is performed (institutional or in everyday life, orally or in writing etc.).

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Gramatiniy formy vartojimas lietuviy kalbos moksliniame stiliuje

Author(s): Vida Žilinskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 46/2002

The article presents frequency data for the basic parts of speech (substantives, adjectives, verbs) and their inflectional forms used in Lithuanian scientific writing. It is based on the Frequency Dictionary of Modern Written Lithuanian (Grumadiené & Zilinskiené I 997) and, more specifically, on its electronic version providing data for the language of science (Grumadiené & Zilinskiené 1996). Furthermore, the frequency of the parts of speech in the language of scientific writings is compared with their frequency in the language varieties used in business and in publicistic writing.

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OBSERVAȚII ASUPRA LIMBII ȘI STILULUI LUI NICOLAE BĂLCESCU ÎN CORESPONDENȚĂ

Author(s): Irina Ion Guță (Vlad) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

Nicolae Bălcescu's correspondence provides us with valuable material on the configuration of the norms of literary language in Wallachia between 1838 and 1852. The letters reveal a series of linguistic features (phonetic, morphological and lexical) that are important for the history of the Romanian literary language in the 19th century, a century that was primarily identified with the confrontations related to the creation and imposition of the supra-dialectal norm, which acted to remove from the language strictly regional and archaic elements. We also note the writer's contribution to the development and modernisation of literary vocabulary in general at a time when all the problems of literary language were subordinated to the idea of transforming it into a modern instrument in terms of its expressive possibilities and national unity, responding to the needs of an evolving culture.

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FORME ȘI FUNCȚII ALE SECVENȚEI DESCRIPTIVE ÎN ANUNȚUL PUBLICITAR TELEVIZAT

Author(s): Maria-Corina Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

The present work analyzes a series of occurrences of descriptive sequences and description mechanisms in the discourse of televised advertisements for pharmaceutical products, through which specific forms, functions and effects can be established. The first part of the paper outlines a general framework for defining the advertising text, and the second focuses on the descriptive procedures, focusing on how they are updated in different advertising sequences.

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I. FUNERIU, INTRODUCERE ÎN ORTOTIPOGRAFIE, ABREVIERI, INDICE DE AUTORI, LISTA SURSELOR CITATE, REVIZIA FINALĂ: DELIA BADEA, FLORINA DIANA CORDOȘ

Author(s): Daniel Cristea-Enache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

Review of: I. FUNERIU, INTRODUCERE ÎN ORTOTIPOGRAFIE, ABREVIERI, INDICE DE AUTORI, LISTA SURSELOR CITATE, REVIZIA FINALĂ: DELIA BADEA, FLORINA DIANA CORDOȘ, TIMIȘOARA, EDITURA BRUMAR, 2021, 318 p., ISBN 978-606-726-199-8

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Стиль “ornatus difficilis” в “Слове о полку Игореве”

Author(s): Lidia V. Sokolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2023

The opinions of scientists about the extent to which the text of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” was comprehensible to its contemporaries are divided. Some believed that “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” was a folk work in the deepest sense of the word; its artistic essence was widely accessible to everyone. Others insisted that the refined and figurative style of the work required cultured readers, which made it a work for a select few. D. I. Chizhevsky, R. O. Yakobson and other scientists compared the style of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” with the “ornatus difficilis” style of Western European poetry of the 12th–13th centuries. According to R. O. Jacobson, it was characterized by riddle techniques, a concise hint instead of a detailed narrative, a deliberate heterogeneity of linguistic means, the use of neologisms, a complex game of tropes and figures, a deliberate combination of unrelated genres and sources, and a combination of pagan and Christian elements. According to the V. V. Kolesov’s reasonable remark, this overly broad characteristic of the style of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” still requires argumentation. In order to confirm the hypothesis that “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” is a work in the “ornatus difficilis” style, this article examines some still partially unresolved readings of the monument, the understanding of which is complicated by stylistic techniques associated with the use of vocabulary and phraseology: individually authored or rare words, dialectisms, polysemous words and phrases that generate ambiguity (amphibolism) in the text, as well as phraseological occasionalisms.

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Парафразы и параллели в фельетонах А. В. Амфитеатрова 1917-1918 гг.

Author(s): Alexander S. Alexandrov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2023

The article focuses on the poetic devices that are a part of the artistic system of A. V. Amfiteatrov, a well-known publicist and prose writer, a leading feuilletonist of the early 20th century. The subject of the study is his feuilletons of the post-Revolution period published in Russia until August 1918. The paper reveals the political stance of the publicist on the revolutionary events of 1917, his attitude to the February and October revolutions. The paper provides an overview of the themes and plots of Amfiteatrov’s printed speeches of this period - these are the responses to socio-political events and social issues. Further, the paper analyzes specific examples of rhetorical devices from his articles - direct parallels, paraphrases, deliberate citation of works of classical literature. The author’s artistic and ideological goal-setting paradigms are traced; the critical attitude of the author to the post-revolutionary reality that emerges through comic techniques is revealed. The main sources of paraphrases and parallels for Amphiteatrov are, first of all, satirical works from Russian classical literature - N. V. Gogol, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin; as well as G. I. Uspensky, A. P. Chekhov and L. N. Tolstoy, M. Gorky. He extrapolates the quotes and specific situations from these texts onto contemporary reality. The article also provides unknown biographical facts related to the life and work of the publicist in 1917-1918.

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Эмоционально-оценочные модели спортивного медиадискурса

Author(s): Gulnara Kamilevna Gimaletdinova,R. R. Kamalova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2022

This article considers the phenomenon of emotional evaluation in sports media discourse, with a particular focus on its stylistic features in the English and Italian languages. The topic has received much attention recently due to the growing interest both in sports and in the ways emotional evaluation is expressed in different types of discourse. Our study is based on sports media texts published by 17 English newspapers and 11 Italian periodicals during the 2020 UEFA European Championship. Continuous sampling revealed 1444 cases of emotional evaluation expressed by means of epithets: 720 and 724 units in the English and Italian texts, respectively. A comparative survey of the language units selected as the ones expressing the subjective attitudes of the authors of the newspaper articles was conducted. The textual features of the newspaper articles were examined. The meaning of each unit and its most likely semantic interpretation were determined by the method of semantic analysis. The contextual use of the units was revealed by the method of contrastive stylistic analysis. The obtained results led to a number of generalizations. They demonstrated that epithets are widely used to express emotional evaluations and thus effectively influence interlocutors in sports media discourse. Furthermore, the comparative analysis showed that English and Italian linguistic cultures are generally similar in terms of expressing subjective evaluations, both positive and negative, which could indicate the universality of sports events coverage and commentary. Finally, we found that the models of emotional evaluation typical of sports discourse that are based on the use of epithets can be considered universal categories employed to describe other stylistic devices and tropes as well.

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LEKSYKALNE ZRÓŻNICOWANIE NAZW JEDNEJ POTRAWY W GWARACH POGÓRZA WSCHODNIEGO

Author(s): Renata Kucharzyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The subject of this article is the name of a flour dish cooked with water or milk. The dish in question used to be a typical daily food of the inhabitants of the Pogórze region. From the linguistic point of view, it is interesting to note the occurrence of many names of the same object in a small area. The nomenclatural variation is visible even within a single village. The analysed lexemes differ in structure, origin, frequency and stylistic character. The reasons for the functioning of many names of the same referent in one communication community are discussed. In this context, considerations on synonymy in dialects are also undertaken.

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PRZEWODNIK PO POLSKICH NAZWACH CIAST, CIASTEK I CIASTECZEK

Author(s): Elżbieta Wierzbicka-Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article analyzes from a formal and semantical points of view 1800 names of cakes and cookies used at the end of the second decade of the 21st century. The research material includes names that are single lexemes and also names that are syntactic constructions containing two or more words. The first group is less numerous and is formed according to several repeating word-formation patterns. In the second group, twelve syntactic structures were distinguished, which are the basis for a large group of newly created names of Polish pastries. Particularly interesting is their semantic structure, in which the recurring components are not only the type of additives found in cakes and cookies as an ingredient enriching their taste or as a filling, possibly the bottom or top layer, but also the shape of the baking, its texture, origin, purpose and the source of the cooking recipe according to which the baking was prepared.

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TOFUCZNICA I SKRZYDEŁKA Z BOCZNIAKÓW, CZYLI O NAZWACH POTRAW ZWEGANIZOWANYCH WE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ POLSZCZYŹNIE UWAG KILKA

Author(s): Małgorzata Witaszek-Samborska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The authors of the article discuss the mechanisms used in contemporary Polish to define veganized dishes, i.e. those that in the prototype version contain animal products, but have been replaced with vegetable ones in the vegan version. The results of the analysis are compared with the remarks on the structure of culinary vocabulary made several years ago in the book Studia nad słownictwem kulinarnym we współczesnej polszczyźnie (Witaszek-Samborska 2005). It turns out that the veganization of dishes at the beginning of the 21th century was indicated only by collocations with the atypical connectivity of their centres, and now they are also numerous derivatives, which show tendencies towards precision, clarity and the economy of lexical units at the same time, as well as the automation of naming processes and internationalization in the form of adopting foreign system patterns.

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ORALITY - THE PECULIARITY OF THE FICTIONAL STYLE

Author(s): Mariana Matei (Buciu) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2020

The idea of the article is that any oral linguistic fact has also a stylistic dimension. There are many opinions regarding orality being the fifth functional style, but we consider it to be, in fact, a particular feature of the beletristic style, designed to revive it and make literary work more appealing for the modern reader.

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STRUCTURES LEXICO-SYNTAXIQUES FONDÉES SUR LES VERBES HURLER, CRIER, GÉMIR DANS LE ROMAN POLICIER ET DANS LE ROMAN SENTIMENTAL

Author(s): Katarzyna Gabrysiak,Alicja Hajok / Language(s): French Issue: 22/2022

The aim of our work is to describe some structures with hurler, gémir, crier in two literary genres: the detective novel and the sentimental novel. Focusing on structures with hurler, gémir, crier, we will try to show that there are privileged structures in a genre that convey additional information in specific contexts. Finally, we establish the conceptual scheme which consists of obligatory elements such as sound verb, sound element, appropriate interjection and other elements such as human names, body parts, appropriate predicate.

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REMBRANDTOWSKA LEKCJA ANATOMII DOKTORA TULPA W POETYCKICH UJĘCIACH GROCHOWIAKA, KACZMARSKIEGO I DEHNELA

Author(s): Katarzyna Dulko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

The main purpose of the paper is the linguistic analysis of poetic works that refer to Rembrandt’s painting The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp in different ways, but also with different intensity. The ways were extracted of translating the painter’s signs into linguistic signs, and the methods were presented by which the stylistics, craftsmanship and concept of the artist‑painter can be conveyed through words. One of the objectives of the work was also to determine the commonalities and differences between the paintings and the poems, which were based on the same iconographic theme.

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KOLORY W REPORTAŻACH MELCHIORA WAŃKOWICZA. REPORTAŻE Z CZĘŚCI KRAJ LAT DZIECINNYCH W TOMIE ANODA I KATODA

Author(s): Marzena Guz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

This study analyses the names of the colours used by the author of the reportages. The research method is based on finding answers to the following questions: What colours does the author write about? Which of them prevail? What do they refer to? What stylistic functions do the names of the colours fulfill? What names appear in various colour fields? What parts of speech are the colours represented by? The lexicon of colour words in the reportages under consideration is quite rich. Colours are related to people, animals, plants, landscapes and artefacts, and their function is to describe the appearance of the characters and their beauty, depict their clothing and their mental state, portray the reality of the Borderlands, mainly the landscape. Most often, they are used as epithets. The names in the colour field are not differentiated. Colours are most often represented by adjectives, less frequently by nouns, verbs, active and passive participles and adverbs. Occasionally, adjectival compounds are used.

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TRADYCJA I NOWATORSTWO W TWORZENIU ZDROBNIEŃ IMION DZIECI W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ ANKIETOWYCH

Author(s): Małgorzata Gawroń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2022

The aim of the paper is to analyse diminutives of children’s names indicated by parents in a questionnaire survey, and also to attempt to define modern trends and mechanisms used for making diminutives. A structural classification and a frequency analysis of the collected diminutives are offered, which allow for determining the use of traditional and modern word-formation models. The investigation of the questionnaire data enables collecting various diminutives derived from one name.

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Spatio-temporal Metaphors in Dictionary of the Khazars by Milorad Pavić

Author(s): Dušan R. Živković / Language(s): English Issue: 62/2019

Овај рад представља анализу лингвистичке природе и стилских ефеката просторно-временских метафора у Хазарском речнику Милорада Павића, као и њихове поетичке функције, семантичких аспеката и онтолошког статуса у сложеном фикционалном свету постмодерног романа. Метафоре кретања времена и кретања субјекта се преплићу, у циљу свеобухватности наративних и концептуалних перспектива Хазарског речника. Посредством ових односа, просторно- временске метафоре повезују различите временске слојеве у роману, како би створиле њихову интерференцију и реверзибилност. У том процесу сви стилски, поетски и семантички аспекти у складу су са древним мистичним принципима јединства простора и времена.

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