Jubilující Olga Müllerová a výbor z jejích textů
This text pays tribute to Olga Müllerová, who turned 80 in 2022, and presents an overview of the collection of her selected works published in honor of this milestone.
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
This text pays tribute to Olga Müllerová, who turned 80 in 2022, and presents an overview of the collection of her selected works published in honor of this milestone.
More...
The paper deals with terminological and general literary and genealogical doubts related to the genre of narrative verse or „poema“. The paper follows the process of constituting this meta-linguistic practice with the aim of pointing out its inconsistency, as well as the processes of its adoption, first through the Russian, but also through the English literary and scientific tradition, and then to highlight the semantic reduction of this term in our culture. Although it should aspire to at least partial exactness, the generally accepted genre status of the poem thus appears first of all as a “stumbling block” of literary analysis, both of those works that we traditionally call romantic poems, and those that belong to other stylistic formations.
More...
An aphorism of the polish writer Stanislaw Jerzy Lec (1909-1966) tells us that all things have been said now and we still have to meditate on them. About language cultivation you couldn't say everything was said. The live language of the press, the stylistic expressiveness of the texts give us countless topics of analysis. 30 years after the revolution of 1989 the written press in Arad is in a continuous transformation of form and content. Touched by the market economy and lack of serious investment, newspapers have to restructure their staff and style. Right after 1989, the text was the first to sell the gazette. Today, the press kiosks are almost gone and in the newspaper page the image bite from a text that has become increasingly inconsistent. Established press genres, such as the report, the survey, the review, the chronicle of the book ( film or concert), even the interview as a stand-alone genre, no longer exist or appear sporadically. At this time, the city of Arad knows only two local newspapers in the classical printed formula, „Jurnal Arădean” and „Glasul Aradului”. The paper presents several media trands in written press from Arad. I am convinced that if we want to find an answer to the question of how Romanian language looks today, a glance at Romanian media offers countless analysis and reflections.
More...
Eponyms are common nouns derived from proper names, although very few people still make the connection between the proper and the corresponding common noun. (Terms derived from important historical events or from those belonging to classical ancient times, personalities’ names, or heroes of the world literature). My paper represents an exciting and surprising short history of some usual words which have become international. We are going to approach the making of international eponyms from a semantic perspective, not a morphological one. It is about reinterpreting through antonomasia, metonimy or any other procedure of changing the significance of a proper noun into a common one.
More...
This paper deals with the concept of metaphor as manifested in political discourse. The focus of the paper is on how metaphors achieve their persuasive function in political discourse and how politicians make use of metaphors. The paper also provides general theoretical background for the theories of metaphor. Furthermore, attention is paid to the concepts of persuasion and manipulation in political discourse. The actual examples of metaphorical language are represented by metaphors from the Cold War period.
More...
Katarzyna Ostrowska’s aim in this article is to present a typology of contemporary Polish book reportage based on linguistic and stylistic criteria on the example of three texts awarded with the Beata Pawlak Prize: Witold Szabłowski’s Zabójca z miasta moreli. Reportaże z Turcji [ A Killer from the City of Apricots. Reports from Turkey], Bartosz Jastrzębski and Jędrzej Morawiecki’s Krasnojarsk zero [ Krasnoyarsk Zero], and Dariusz Rosiak’s Ziarno i krew. Podróż śladami bliskowschodnich chrześcijan [ Grain and Blood. A Journey in the Footsteps of Middle Eastern Christians]. Ostrowska refers to the previous classifications of the reportage genre by Jacek Maziarski, Jadwiga Litwin, and Kazimierz Wolny-Zmorzyński and goes on to propose her own typology in reference to the reportages under scrutiny by taking into account the presence of specific features of functional styles: artistic, journalistic, and scientific.
More...
In the contemporary Silesian-language communicative space, the dominant role is played by the ślabikŏrzowa orthography, i.e. the way of writing developed at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century. This spelling system is used in most recent Silesian-language publications, advertising language, electronic media, computer software and smartphones. The ślabikŏrzowa orthography owes its privileged position to its conservative form, the presence of clear and straightforward rules of usage and a relatively strong organisational, intellectual, scientific and economic background. However, the further development of ślabikŏrzowy literature is hampered by the lack of detailed normative materials (i.e. spelling dictionary, grammar).
More...
The article analyzes Listy z narodowej pielgrzymki ( Letters from the national pilgrimage ) by Ryszard Berwiński. It is a series of five texts written in prose in which the author tells his impressions from a trip to the vicinity of Gopło, probably in the summer of 1838. At that time, such escapades became fashionable in Poland. The aim of the study is to define the lexis used in the Letters to describe the cultural landscape of Greater Poland in order to identify the aforementioned word material and analyse the way it is used.
More...
This paper starts from the premise that the morphological marking on inchoative verbs can be semantically explained in that unmarked inchoatives were conceptualized by speakers as expressing spontaneous events (Haspelmath 1993). While the unmarkedness of the Romanian inchoatives that we analyze can assumably be explained by their primary meaning which refers to a spontaneous event in the world, we set out to investigate if the placement of the verb on the spontaneity scale (Haspelmath 2005) has a bearing on the acceptability of transitive variants of the verb. Apparently, transitive acceptability is also closely tied to meaning; it depends on the direct object argument selected by the verb and ultimately on the type of event expressed by the verb phrase. Importantly, the possibility to express a directly caused external event varies from verb to verb, and even for the same verb depending on the direct object or subject argument. Belonging to the internally caused class does not necessarily ban transitive acceptability, and being part of the automatic class does not freely license transitive uses.
More...
The work analyzes the words representing the colors in the Galaktion Tabidzi’s creativity. The paper begins with the study of the separation of basic colors, but the research is not limited to discussing only primary colors. Apparently, color is sometimes not mentioned in the poems of Galaktion Tabidze, however, other words are used in such a poetic way that it evokes the association of color and acquires the meaning of color. Chromatic and achromatic colors are grouped according to positive and negative content; The symbolic-semantic aspects of vocabulary are analyzed. The study of vocabulary of colors is connected to the semantic of the word “color” itself which is related to many interesting issues. As it is known, a color can be given a symbolic meaning due to its emotional impact. Color-related vocabulary acquires metaphorical and poetic significance in poetry. Each color represents a corresponding event or feature. In the literature it is stimulated by symbolic thought; All face-symbols can be understood differently by the reader and all understandings can be correct. The authors refer to a color variation, where primary colors predominate, including different colors. Consequently, their attitude to a particular color, reflected in their work, is positive or negative. For example, white is the color of purity and purity, and in poetry it plays with a shade of cold, winter, cold, loneliness. the descriptive meaning of red is color, but in symbolic terms, red can be a symbol of war, joy or blood. The analysis of used materials has shown that ,,blue” is a dominant color in Galaktio Tabidze’s poetry. In poetry, blue / blue has acquired a mystical load. In this color is also the notion of memory, which is associated with the ideal. Let us recall, at least, Novalisi's "Blue Flower", Maeterlinck's "Blue Bird", Nikoloz Baratashvili's "Sky Color, Blue Color ..." and others. Thus, among the features that determine the individuality of writers, a certain place is occupied by the use of colors. Although the content of the color symbols undergoes significant changes, from an interpretive point of view, the core of the color symbolism still remains unchanged. In poetry he deals with so many comprehensive issues that his understanding is sometimes different.
More...
The grammatical structure of present tense verbs in the current dialects of the Armenian language reveals significant structural and morphological differences. Verbal forms of the literary language type grum em, sirum em in dialects correspond to constructions with numerous phonetic variants. grel em, grelis em, grum em, ku grem, ka grem, ha grem. Over time, the use of ancient Armenian present-time forms of the present tense and the imperfect (aorist) in the meaning of the subjunctive mood gradually led to the need to create special forms that express the original meaning of the present time. Initially, with this purpose, compound forms, including an infinitive with a preposition and an auxiliary verb, began to be used. The infinitive present in the fight against the grabar present turned out to be the winner only in one part of the oral versions of the Armenian language, in the other part a new form of the present appeared, formed by the particle ku. Thus, there were two large branches of Armenian dialects - L and Ku. In dialects of branch L, the infinitive present continued to function, and for the future constructions with k (modern branch L) were used. In the second part of the speech, formations with participle forms - lis (dialects of the modern branch S) were created for the present tense, and infinitive constructions continued to express the meaning of future time.
More...
In the modern world, parallel to the globalization process and the active development of international contacts, the language of law and legal translation have acquired special relevance. As a relatively new branch of science and practical activity, Legal Linguistics is of multifaceted interest: it includes both local and international law, economics, politics, culture, science, etc., as well as legal translation. Legal Linguistics operates with units of jurisprudence and linguistics. Legal translation is one of the types of sectoral/genre translation and, at the same time, it is a separate direction of scientific activity. Legal linguistics and Legal translation are based on the linguistic research of legal concepts and the search for terminological correspondences in another language. Over time, jurisprudence expands more and more, is loaded with new concepts, which requires fluency in the language of law and adequate translation into other languages. Legal Translation was and remains one of the most difficult, popular and demanding types of translation. Any international activity, contact is accompanied by the signing of agreements and other documents that require translation. This article discusses Legal Linguistics as a field of linguistics and strategies for translating legal texts; examples are given.
More...
The following paper presents the research problems of the ways of expression of speech aggression and its translational aspects. The topic is relevant to the extent that there are frequent cases around us when we come across aggressive speech, especially when it appears in the social and political discourses. The paper talks about the essence and meaning of verbal aggression; The opinions of scientists about the mentioned problem are given; The place of the term "speech (verbal) aggression" in different sciences is defined; "Speech aggression" itself is considered as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. Based on the empirical material, the translational aspects of this linguistic phenomenon are discussed and analyzed in the paper; The methodology used by the translator in transferring information from the source language to the target language are reviewed. The results of the research are collected in the conclusion.
More...
The article addresses the nomenclatural change of regressive vowel assimilation as the main distinguishing feature of the subdialects of the Northern Samogitian of Telšiai and Kretinga. It attempts to determine to what extent the residents of Plungė are aware of regressive vowel assimilation as the distinguishing feature of Northern Samogitian and to evaluate the change of this feature. The article draws upon the methods of dynamic dialectology and perceptual dialectology. After analysing the comments provided by the informants from Plungė on regressive vowel assimilation and other dialectal features of Northern Samogitian subdialects, it was established that vowel assimilation is rarely considered a distinguishing feature of Northern Samogitian subdialects. This feature is usually observed but it is assigned a marginal differential value. Other phonetic, morphological and lexical differences are considered more important and significant. Regressive vowel assimilation is also associated with the influence of non-dialectal speaking.
More...
The article deals with the approach of the Lithuanian linguists Pranas Skardzius (1899-1975) and Petras Jonikas (1906-1996) to the object of stylistics in the 1930s. The influence of Ch. Bally’s ideas and the Prague Linguistic School on the views of Jonikas and Skardzius is also discussed.
More...
In the Lithuanian linguistic tradition, diminutives are described as an expressive device belonging to the domain of stylistics. Diminutives are often used in combination with their basic nouns. The two can be used in immediate juxtaposition or be separated from each other. The diminutive may either precede or follow the basic word, and sometimes the two patterns are combined. The examples (from the concordance compiled by the Centre of Computational Linguistics of Kaunas University and from literary and publicistic writing) reveal four functions of diminutives, two of them basic (specifying and evaluative), and two secondary (aesthetic and cohesion-enhancing). A diminutive can perform several functions at the same time. The above-mentioned functions can also receive various degrees of emphasis, depending on the position of the diminutive, the type of diminutive and its referential status. Sometimes these properties are additionally marked by other linguistics devices.
More...
The article deals with the theory of speech act participants. It is based mainly on Austin’s theory of performatives and on Grice’s maxims of communication. The theoretical claims are illustrated mainly with Lithuanian examples of performative speech act types. Three aspects of the study of speech act participants are singled out: (a) communicative strategies, (b) social roles and (c) types of speaker’s and hearer’s roles as defined with respect to illocutionary acts. Both participants may choose either a constructive or a destructive communicative strategy. Performatives reduce to a minimum the possibility of selecting a destructive strategy but do not eliminate it altogether. A correct assessment of the speaker’s and the hearer’s social roles determines the way in which the speaker makes explicit his illocutionary intention and the way in which the hearer interprets it. Types of speakers and hearers (addressees) are defined not only with respect to illocutionary force, but also with respect to the circumstances of the speech act and the way in which it is performed (institutional or in everyday life, orally or in writing etc.).
More...
The article presents frequency data for the basic parts of speech (substantives, adjectives, verbs) and their inflectional forms used in Lithuanian scientific writing. It is based on the Frequency Dictionary of Modern Written Lithuanian (Grumadiené & Zilinskiené I 997) and, more specifically, on its electronic version providing data for the language of science (Grumadiené & Zilinskiené 1996). Furthermore, the frequency of the parts of speech in the language of scientific writings is compared with their frequency in the language varieties used in business and in publicistic writing.
More...
Nicolae Bălcescu's correspondence provides us with valuable material on the configuration of the norms of literary language in Wallachia between 1838 and 1852. The letters reveal a series of linguistic features (phonetic, morphological and lexical) that are important for the history of the Romanian literary language in the 19th century, a century that was primarily identified with the confrontations related to the creation and imposition of the supra-dialectal norm, which acted to remove from the language strictly regional and archaic elements. We also note the writer's contribution to the development and modernisation of literary vocabulary in general at a time when all the problems of literary language were subordinated to the idea of transforming it into a modern instrument in terms of its expressive possibilities and national unity, responding to the needs of an evolving culture.
More...
The present work analyzes a series of occurrences of descriptive sequences and description mechanisms in the discourse of televised advertisements for pharmaceutical products, through which specific forms, functions and effects can be established. The first part of the paper outlines a general framework for defining the advertising text, and the second focuses on the descriptive procedures, focusing on how they are updated in different advertising sequences.
More...