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Metaphors of Globalization

Metaphors of Globalization

Author(s): Doina Butiurcă / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The organization and function of human society in the global economy is, in the current discourse, part of epistemology, developed on the broader link of social sciences with scientific creativity and artistic imagination. The “chaotic” synergy of globalization has developed on a conceptual network where the logic of conceptual metaphor and cognitive scenario are integrative and circular. It is this assertion we start from in the research on the interdisciplinary character of the metaphor of globalization, with special attention paid to the metaphors of the organic, of space, of movement (the spiral formula, the loop, centre-periphery, the metaphor of the nebula, man as a sum, etc.). The research method (contrastive, functional, analytical) has in view the interdisciplinary and dynamic character of metaphors that highlight the conceptual system beyond the research. The conclusion of the study is that the role of interdisciplinary metaphors is to fuse with the text and arguments of an entire conceptual system it generates.

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The Metaphor of Light – Perspectives on Conceptual Metaphors. Case Study on Anthony Doerr’s All the Light We Cannot See

The Metaphor of Light – Perspectives on Conceptual Metaphors. Case Study on Anthony Doerr’s All the Light We Cannot See

Author(s): Mihaela Marieta Damian / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The language of perception, regarded from the perspective of the sensory modality principle, is common to all humans within similar cultural backgrounds. Its conceptualization, from a semantic standpoint is, however, language-specific. With this view in mind, the prime objective of this study is to investigate, from a cognitive linguistic perspective, various kinds of visual properties experienced in connection with the perceptual metaphor of LIGHT. Its cultural and emotional dimensions will be approached as an integrative part of the context provided by Anthony Doerr’s novel All the Light We Cannot See (2014). The present investigation attempts to shed “light” upon the potential embodiment of meaning assigned to the metaphors of perception in a twofold, intrafield (Matisoff 1978, Evans & Wilkins 2000) and transfield standpoint. The conceptualization of the metaphor of light is observed in a contextualized approach of a single language (English), its secondary objective being that of providing the basis for a larger cross-linguistic investigation of similar matters on English–Romanian corpora.

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TUVA DESTANLARINDA HİPERBOL (MÜBALAĞA) KULLANIMI ÜZERİNE

TUVA DESTANLARINDA HİPERBOL (MÜBALAĞA) KULLANIMI ÜZERİNE

Author(s): Salih Mehmet Arçin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 41/2023

Hyperbole (Exaggeration / Exaggeration) can be defined in the most general terms as a way of speaking or writing something better, more strikingly than it is. In this study, firstly, information is given about the concept of hyperbola and its different forms in the literature, and the theoretical dimensions of the use of the concept in the West both in theoretical and literary contexts and on corpus-based studies are tried to be introduced. In this context, Tuvan heroic epics were analyzed within the framework of the data obtained. Ergun - Aça (2004), Tuvan Heroic Epics I; Ergun - Aça (2005), Heroic Epics of Tuvan II; Arıkoğlu - Borbaanay (2007), Epics of Tuvan; Data were collected from the texts of Arçın (2014), Tuvan Epics 2: Haan-Tögüldür by sampling method. In this respect, a qualitative method was applied in the study. In the study, a model suitable for the structure of Turkish is proposed as an alternative to the modeling of hyperbola approaches in the West. As a result, hyperbolas are presented with variations in accordance with the general structure of Turkish according to the data in the Tuvan Turkish epic texts and are exemplified under 4 titles: 1. Objective Hyperbolas 2. Quantitative Hyperboles 3. Qualitative Hyperboles 4. Indicative Hyperbolas.

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Monografija kao hommage Zagrebačkoj stilističkoj školi:
razmatranja povodom knjige Zagrebačka stilistička škola: Zlatno doba hrvatske znanosti o književnosti Dubravke Oraić Tolić

Monografija kao hommage Zagrebačkoj stilističkoj školi: razmatranja povodom knjige Zagrebačka stilistička škola: Zlatno doba hrvatske znanosti o književnosti Dubravke Oraić Tolić

Author(s): Remzija Hadžiefendić-Parić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian Issue: 22/2023

The summary is dedicated to the recently published monography "Zagreb Stylistic School" by Dubravka Oraić Tolić. The academic writes about the golden age of Croatian literary science related to the establishment and work of the Zagreb Stylistic School, which emerged in the 1950s. Following the "rise and fall" of the School, she discusses the institutions founded by the School, its types and methods of work, and especially the contribution of its founders and followers (Škreb, Flaker, Frangeš, and Žmegač). Oraić Tolić successfully presents to the modern reader the social and political context in which the School grew and built its national identity. In this respect, she is inspiring in contemplating the dissemination of knowledge in the field of national identification, the principles and boundaries of text analysis, the declarative program (paradigms of approach to literary works), and deviations.

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A dystopian dialogue – Semantic and pragmatic perspectives on George Orwell’s 1984 and Boualem Sansal’s 2084

A dystopian dialogue – Semantic and pragmatic perspectives on George Orwell’s 1984 and Boualem Sansal’s 2084

Author(s): Ana-Maria Pâcleanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Dystopias are no longer defined as the opposite of utopias and are mostly described by referring to the type of system they depict - “perfectly planned and beneficial”, “perfectly planned and unjust” or “perfectly unplanned” (Gordin, Tilley, and Prakash 2010, 2). Furthermore, dystopias are said to reflect societies’ worries and warn about some flaws of religious, political systems, or science in terms of relationships between the past, the present, and the future. George Orwell’s “1984” and Boualem Sansal’s “2084”. The End of the World are dystopian novels that fall into two different categories (based on the type of authority exercising control) – the former is a political dystopia and the latter is a religious one. 2084 has often been described as a tribute to Orwell and his ‘Big Brother’, but the cult of personality is depicted by pointing at elements related to religion. It stands out as an even more explicit illustration of totalitarian regimes and their practices especially when connected to religion. However, both novels revolve around the concepts of ideology, the cult of personality, and power enforcement. Thus, despite their typology, the dialogue between these two dystopias becomes obvious as regards genre and intertextuality, but also the semantic and pragmatic features they share. Therefore, with a view to tracing the meanings conveyed through language, the present paper tackles the aforementioned dystopian novels from the perspective of these two complementary branches of linguistics, in an attempt at identifying the similarities (especially those referring to ideologies and power).

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Implikationen zur Vermittlung der phonostilistischen Differenzierung der bundesdeutschen Standardaussprache im Fach DaF

Implikationen zur Vermittlung der phonostilistischen Differenzierung der bundesdeutschen Standardaussprache im Fach DaF

Author(s): Robert Skoczek / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2022

The German standard pronunciation does not represent a homogeneous structure. In the research of Halle linguistics, these aspects were often made the subject of research. Further research is currently being carried out in this field of standard phonetics. In the subject of German as a foreign language, especially in German studies abroad, the phonostylistic diversity of the standard pronunciation compared to English is rarely discussed. Both theoretical and methodological foundations appeared in a few publications. In this paper, phonetic reductionisms are therefore initially outlined from a normphonetic point of view. Then some phonostilistic questions are taken up and their relevance for the development of receptive language competence is examined. At the end, selected sound phenomena are prepared and exemplified by phonodidactics.

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Retorički potencijal određenih konstrukcija u polemikama o pravopisnim pitanjima

Retorički potencijal određenih konstrukcija u polemikama o pravopisnim pitanjima

Author(s): Tihana Hrg / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 20/2022

The paper will analyze the polemics on linguistic topics in the second half of the twentieth century from a linguistic (especially pragmalinguistic) point of view. This period was marked by very heated debates about orthographic issues of the Croatian language, which is why we consider them particularly interesting in the context of discovering the rhetorical potential of linguistic choices. In contemporary linguistic and stylistic research, polemics are underrepresented, but their significance, especially in terms of their potential to entice critical thought about language and scientific theses, is unquestionable. Polemic is viewed as a specific discourse type in which the relationship between polemicists is especially emphasized (even more than the subject being polemicized), so special attention is paid to those language constructions that polemicists use to convince the general public of the correctness of their positions. In other words, we will particularly be interested in those nouns (for example, adjectives) and constructions that polemicists use in order to present the opponent in a negative context and gain the favor of the wider (and especially the academic) community. In this manner, the research will lead us to a conclusion about the subjectivity and emotional coloring of the expression, which conflicts with the requirement for the scientific foundation of arguments and the determinants of the traditionally understood scientific style in general.

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Jubilující Olga Müllerová a výbor z jejích textů

Jubilující Olga Müllerová a výbor z jejích textů

Author(s): Zdeňka Hladká / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

This text pays tribute to Olga Müllerová, who turned 80 in 2022, and presents an overview of the collection of her selected works published in honor of this milestone.

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ПОЕМА – ТЕРМИНОЛОШКИ И(ЛИ) КОНЦЕПТУАЛНИ ГЕНОЛОШКИ ПРОБЛЕМ?

ПОЕМА – ТЕРМИНОЛОШКИ И(ЛИ) КОНЦЕПТУАЛНИ ГЕНОЛОШКИ ПРОБЛЕМ?

Author(s): Strahinja D. Polić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2023

The paper deals with terminological and general literary and genealogical doubts related to the genre of narrative verse or „poema“. The paper follows the process of constituting this meta-linguistic practice with the aim of pointing out its inconsistency, as well as the processes of its adoption, first through the Russian, but also through the English literary and scientific tradition, and then to highlight the semantic reduction of this term in our culture. Although it should aspire to at least partial exactness, the generally accepted genre status of the poem thus appears first of all as a “stumbling block” of literary analysis, both of those works that we traditionally call romantic poems, and those that belong to other stylistic formations.

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LANGUAGE AND STYLE IN THE WRITTEN PRESS FROM ARAD, ROMANIA

LANGUAGE AND STYLE IN THE WRITTEN PRESS FROM ARAD, ROMANIA

Author(s): Carmen Neamțu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2019

An aphorism of the polish writer Stanislaw Jerzy Lec (1909-1966) tells us that all things have been said now and we still have to meditate on them. About language cultivation you couldn't say everything was said. The live language of the press, the stylistic expressiveness of the texts give us countless topics of analysis. 30 years after the revolution of 1989 the written press in Arad is in a continuous transformation of form and content. Touched by the market economy and lack of serious investment, newspapers have to restructure their staff and style. Right after 1989, the text was the first to sell the gazette. Today, the press kiosks are almost gone and in the newspaper page the image bite from a text that has become increasingly inconsistent. Established press genres, such as the report, the survey, the review, the chronicle of the book ( film or concert), even the interview as a stand-alone genre, no longer exist or appear sporadically. At this time, the city of Arad knows only two local newspapers in the classical printed formula, „Jurnal Arădean” and „Glasul Aradului”. The paper presents several media trands in written press from Arad. I am convinced that if we want to find an answer to the question of how Romanian language looks today, a glance at Romanian media offers countless analysis and reflections.

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EPONYMS. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON SOME INTERNATIONAL TERMS

EPONYMS. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON SOME INTERNATIONAL TERMS

Author(s): Mirela Aioane / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2019

Eponyms are common nouns derived from proper names, although very few people still make the connection between the proper and the corresponding common noun. (Terms derived from important historical events or from those belonging to classical ancient times, personalities’ names, or heroes of the world literature). My paper represents an exciting and surprising short history of some usual words which have become international. We are going to approach the making of international eponyms from a semantic perspective, not a morphological one. It is about reinterpreting through antonomasia, metonimy or any other procedure of changing the significance of a proper noun into a common one.

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Metaphor as an Element of Persuasion in Political Discourse

Metaphor as an Element of Persuasion in Political Discourse

Author(s): Marek Hampl / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

This paper deals with the concept of metaphor as manifested in political discourse. The focus of the paper is on how metaphors achieve their persuasive function in political discourse and how politicians make use of metaphors. The paper also provides general theoretical background for the theories of metaphor. Furthermore, attention is paid to the concepts of persuasion and manipulation in political discourse. The actual examples of metaphorical language are represented by metaphors from the Cold War period.

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Językowo-stylistyczne rozważania o typologii współczesnego polskiego reportażu książkowego (na podstawie wybranych tekstów)

Językowo-stylistyczne rozważania o typologii współczesnego polskiego reportażu książkowego (na podstawie wybranych tekstów)

Author(s): Katarzyna Ostrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Katarzyna Ostrowska’s aim in this article is to present a typology of contemporary Polish book reportage based on linguistic and stylistic criteria on the example of three texts awarded with the Beata Pawlak Prize: Witold Szabłowski’s Zabójca z miasta moreli. Reportaże z Turcji [ A Killer from the City of Apricots. Reports from Turkey], Bartosz Jastrzębski and Jędrzej Morawiecki’s Krasnojarsk zero [ Krasnoyarsk Zero], and Dariusz Rosiak’s Ziarno i krew. Podróż śladami bliskowschodnich chrześcijan [ Grain and Blood. A Journey in the Footsteps of Middle Eastern Christians]. Ostrowska refers to the previous classifications of the reportage genre by Jacek Maziarski, Jadwiga Litwin, and Kazimierz Wolny-Zmorzyński and goes on to propose her own typology in reference to the reportages under scrutiny by taking into account the presence of specific features of functional styles: artistic, journalistic, and scientific.

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Śląska ortografia ślabikŏrzowa – status, forma, funkcjonowanie

Śląska ortografia ślabikŏrzowa – status, forma, funkcjonowanie

Author(s): Henryk Jaroszewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

In the contemporary Silesian-language communicative space, the dominant role is played by the ślabikŏrzowa orthography, i.e. the way of writing developed at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century. This spelling system is used in most recent Silesian-language publications, advertising language, electronic media, computer software and smartphones. The ślabikŏrzowa orthography owes its privileged position to its conservative form, the presence of clear and straightforward rules of usage and a relatively strong organisational, intellectual, scientific and economic background. However, the further development of ślabikŏrzowy literature is hampered by the lack of detailed normative materials (i.e. spelling dictionary, grammar).

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Wyznaczniki językowo-stylistyczne obrazu Wielkopolski w Listach z narodowej pielgrzymki Ryszarda Berwińskiego

Wyznaczniki językowo-stylistyczne obrazu Wielkopolski w Listach z narodowej pielgrzymki Ryszarda Berwińskiego

Author(s): Krzysztof Maćkowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article analyzes Listy z narodowej pielgrzymki ( Letters from the national pilgrimage ) by Ryszard Berwiński. It is a series of five texts written in prose in which the author tells his impressions from a trip to the vicinity of Gopło, probably in the summer of 1838. At that time, such escapades became fashionable in Poland. The aim of the study is to define the lexis used in the Letters to describe the cultural landscape of Greater Poland in order to identify the aforementioned word material and analyse the way it is used.

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SEMANTIC DETERMINANTS OF VALENCE IN THE CAUSATIVE-INCHOATIVE ALTERNATION

SEMANTIC DETERMINANTS OF VALENCE IN THE CAUSATIVE-INCHOATIVE ALTERNATION

Author(s): Maria Poponeț / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2019

This paper starts from the premise that the morphological marking on inchoative verbs can be semantically explained in that unmarked inchoatives were conceptualized by speakers as expressing spontaneous events (Haspelmath 1993). While the unmarkedness of the Romanian inchoatives that we analyze can assumably be explained by their primary meaning which refers to a spontaneous event in the world, we set out to investigate if the placement of the verb on the spontaneity scale (Haspelmath 2005) has a bearing on the acceptability of transitive variants of the verb. Apparently, transitive acceptability is also closely tied to meaning; it depends on the direct object argument selected by the verb and ultimately on the type of event expressed by the verb phrase. Importantly, the possibility to express a directly caused external event varies from verb to verb, and even for the same verb depending on the direct object or subject argument. Belonging to the internally caused class does not necessarily ban transitive acceptability, and being part of the automatic class does not freely license transitive uses.

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ძირითადი ფერების ლექსიკური გააზრება გალაკტიონ ტაბიძის შემოქმედებაში

Author(s): Pheride Sanaia / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 6/2023

The work analyzes the words representing the colors in the Galaktion Tabidzi’s creativity. The paper begins with the study of the separation of basic colors, but the research is not limited to discussing only primary colors. Apparently, color is sometimes not mentioned in the poems of Galaktion Tabidze, however, other words are used in such a poetic way that it evokes the association of color and acquires the meaning of color. Chromatic and achromatic colors are grouped according to positive and negative content; The symbolic-semantic aspects of vocabulary are analyzed. The study of vocabulary of colors is connected to the semantic of the word “color” itself which is related to many interesting issues. As it is known, a color can be given a symbolic meaning due to its emotional impact. Color-related vocabulary acquires metaphorical and poetic significance in poetry. Each color represents a corresponding event or feature. In the literature it is stimulated by symbolic thought; All face-symbols can be understood differently by the reader and all understandings can be correct. The authors refer to a color variation, where primary colors predominate, including different colors. Consequently, their attitude to a particular color, reflected in their work, is positive or negative. For example, white is the color of purity and purity, and in poetry it plays with a shade of cold, winter, cold, loneliness. the descriptive meaning of red is color, but in symbolic terms, red can be a symbol of war, joy or blood. The analysis of used materials has shown that ,,blue” is a dominant color in Galaktio Tabidze’s poetry. In poetry, blue / blue has acquired a mystical load. In this color is also the notion of memory, which is associated with the ideal. Let us recall, at least, Novalisi's "Blue Flower", Maeterlinck's "Blue Bird", Nikoloz Baratashvili's "Sky Color, Blue Color ..." and others. Thus, among the features that determine the individuality of writers, a certain place is occupied by the use of colors. Although the content of the color symbols undergoes significant changes, from an interpretive point of view, the core of the color symbolism still remains unchanged. In poetry he deals with so many comprehensive issues that his understanding is sometimes different.

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НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ НАД СИНХРОННЫМИ И ДИАХРОННЫМИ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯМИ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ

Author(s): Gayane Gevorgyan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2023

The grammatical structure of present tense verbs in the current dialects of the Armenian language reveals significant structural and morphological differences. Verbal forms of the literary language type grum em, sirum em in dialects correspond to constructions with numerous phonetic variants. grel em, grelis em, grum em, ku grem, ka grem, ha grem. Over time, the use of ancient Armenian present-time forms of the present tense and the imperfect (aorist) in the meaning of the subjunctive mood gradually led to the need to create special forms that express the original meaning of the present time. Initially, with this purpose, compound forms, including an infinitive with a preposition and an auxiliary verb, began to be used. The infinitive present in the fight against the grabar present turned out to be the winner only in one part of the oral versions of the Armenian language, in the other part a new form of the present appeared, formed by the particle ku. Thus, there were two large branches of Armenian dialects - L and Ku. In dialects of branch L, the infinitive present continued to function, and for the future constructions with k (modern branch L) were used. In the second part of the speech, formations with participle forms - lis (dialects of the modern branch S) were created for the present tense, and infinitive constructions continued to express the meaning of future time.

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იურისლინგვისტიკა და იურიდიული თარგმანი

Author(s): Natia Amirejibi / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 6/2023

In the modern world, parallel to the globalization process and the active development of international contacts, the language of law and legal translation have acquired special relevance. As a relatively new branch of science and practical activity, Legal Linguistics is of multifaceted interest: it includes both local and international law, economics, politics, culture, science, etc., as well as legal translation. Legal Linguistics operates with units of jurisprudence and linguistics. Legal translation is one of the types of sectoral/genre translation and, at the same time, it is a separate direction of scientific activity. Legal linguistics and Legal translation are based on the linguistic research of legal concepts and the search for terminological correspondences in another language. Over time, jurisprudence expands more and more, is loaded with new concepts, which requires fluency in the language of law and adequate translation into other languages. Legal Translation was and remains one of the most difficult, popular and demanding types of translation. Any international activity, contact is accompanied by the signing of agreements and other documents that require translation. This article discusses Legal Linguistics as a field of linguistics and strategies for translating legal texts; examples are given.

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სამეტყველო აგრესია და მისი მთარგმნელობითი ასპექტები

Author(s): Kakha Tavdgiridze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 6/2023

The following paper presents the research problems of the ways of expression of speech aggression and its translational aspects. The topic is relevant to the extent that there are frequent cases around us when we come across aggressive speech, especially when it appears in the social and political discourses. The paper talks about the essence and meaning of verbal aggression; The opinions of scientists about the mentioned problem are given; The place of the term "speech (verbal) aggression" in different sciences is defined; "Speech aggression" itself is considered as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. Based on the empirical material, the translational aspects of this linguistic phenomenon are discussed and analyzed in the paper; The methodology used by the translator in transferring information from the source language to the target language are reviewed. The results of the research are collected in the conclusion.

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