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Stepping out of the Box – How Technical Terminology from Other Fields can Morph into the Business Discourse

Author(s): Réka Kovács / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The present article attempts to investigate how terms from various fields that are incongruous with the business discourse may carve their way in two types of business writing, namely in the report and the SWOT analysis. Even though these genres exhibit divergent features in terms of structure and purpose, they are nested within an economic context, abounding in a specific terminology. With this in mind, the paper expounds the way in which phrases imported from marriage, art, medicine and the military lend themselves to being used as synonyms for economic phenomena. For this purpose, we survey the assignments of students and conclude that technical expressions from the four areas breathe more life into the business language, as they provide a new framework within which the classical economic context can broaden its horizons, hence it better captures the most appropriate nuances. In this way, the metaphors stemming from other domains gain access to business texts, where they delicately complement, or explicitly reinforce essential information. Such qualities of the non-economic jargon help not only to skillfully convey specific messages but also to deepen the understanding of economic trends.

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Der Euphemismus im öffentlichen Sprachgebrauch – verhüllend, verschleiernd oder verlogen?

Author(s): Maria-Elena Muscan / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2022

This paper focuses on the usage of euphemisms in public discourse and is based upon the thesis that they have both veiling and disguising character while heavily influencing the public opinion. It also deals with the semantic shift euphemisms experienced over the last decades and their perception as lies and metaphors. Euphemisms are not only present in language, they are part of human life and can be found in psychology, sociology, politics, economics, religion or media. Basically, they are to be found in all domains that cover taboos for a specific purpose. Taboos change in time, thus controlling the formation of new euphemisms.

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LESER – VERSUS SCHREIBERORIENTIERT – DIE ROLLEN DER EMPHASE IN GESCHÄFTSBRIEFEN

Author(s): Réka Kovács / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

The article brings into discussion the linguistic configurations connected with the reader – versus writer – centered approaches of business letters. It makes an inventory of those morphological and syntactic patterns which serve for the expression of the two orientations. Furthermore, the paper showcases the roles attributed to the emphasis and draws attention to the modalities through which it blends into the business correspondence. From the analysis of English and Romanian business writings we infer that the emphasis attaches a supplementary meaning to both perspectives. By emerging in various structures, i.e. in the form of repetitions, exclamations, inversions and ellipsis, the emphasis has the means for strengthening or weaking the position of the reader or of the writer.

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TRANSFORMĂRI ÎN TRADUCERE ÎN VARIANTA BULGARĂ A VOLUMULUI DE POVESTIRI DE CE IUBIM FEMEILE DE MIRCEA CĂRTĂRESCU

Author(s): Silvia Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

The article aims to expose the peculiarities of the use of transformations in the translation, analyzing the grammatical substitutions found in the translation of the literary text from Romanian to Bulgarian. The peculiarities of translation are described according to the theory of transformations in translation, belonging to the Russian linguist L.S. Barkhudarov.

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COMMUNIST LINGUISTIC INFLUENCES ON POLITICAL LANGUAGE

Author(s): Ana-Maria Dudău / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01 Supp/2021

ANALYZING THE SITUATION OF THE CURRENT POLITICAL DISCOURSE, WE FIND THAT ALL THIS STYLISTIC PROPS BECOMES DOWNRIGHT INCRIMINATING, INSIDIOUS AND THUS REAL HUNTERS FOR THE GUILTY OR INNOCENT INSIDIOUS PEOPLE ALIKE ARE ESTABLISHED THROUGH DISCOURSE. THE HIERARCHICAL DIFFERENCES, EXISTING BETWEEN THE INTELOCUTORS IN DIFFERENT FORMAL (POLITICAL, BUT ALSO SOCIO-CULTURAL) CONTEXTS OF COMMUNICATION, ARE KNOWINGLY ERASED, BY THE WILLFUL ELIMINATION OF THE PROTOCOL FORMS OF ADDRESSING (MARKED IN OUR ANALYSIS BY THE VERBAL AND PRONOMINAL FORMS, SALUTE AND INTRODUCTORY FORMULAS, INITIATING FORMS OF CONVERSATION).

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SOME LINGUISTIC AND STYLISTIC PROPERTIES OF THE KING JAMES BIBLE

Author(s): Seda Gasparyan / Language(s): English Issue: 44/2023

Investigations of biblical texts have always been the topic of heated discussion among theologians and linguists, as well as representatives of other scientific disciplines. Over the years, the biblical stories and testimonies have been persistently challenged by different scholars, with a particular emphasis on the language of the Bible. In this paper, we dwell upon the events preceding the emergence of the King James Version and the immense authority that the KJV gained both in the churches of England and among the common people of the British Isles. As this translation of the Bible was authorised by King James, it is often referred to as the Authorised Version, and has become the Official Bible of England. Many people still believe that the KJV is The Bible, since according to them, its creation was inspired by God himself. Hence it becomes essential to reveal the factors which contribute to the supremacy of its language and majesty of style.

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Slamnig s AliExpressa

Author(s): Franjo Nagulov / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Nataša Govedić: Zlice i vilice, Fraktura, 2022.

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LOGO TASARIMI KAPSAMINDA KULLANILAN TİPOGRAFİK ÖGELERİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Sofya Cihan CANBOLAT / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 101/2023

One of the most important problems of today's advertising world is logo designs that cannot represent businesses and their work. The most important reason for this is that the fonts used in the logos are chosen incorrectly. Each typographic formation evokes different thoughts in the human mind. This event can be thought of as the spiritual change that occurs when listening to classical music and modern rock music, or the picture drawn with sharp lines and colors from the paintings in which the same object is depicted, stimulating harder dynamic feelings than the picture created with softer lines. The fact that the society determines brand preferences according to the emotions formed in them reveals the importance of the logotype design that accurately describes the company. It is wrong to choose a soft and full font in a suit store, as it is wrong to use a font with nails in a children's clothing company. This research was carried out in order to reveal the importance of the fonts used while creating logo designs.

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Craig Czury's Volume of Prose Poetry, Fifteen Stones, as a Site of Resistance against the Neoliberal Consensus

Author(s): Daniela-Carmen Stoica,Ilir Shyta / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

The present article brings to the attention of European readers and literary criticism the volume of prose poetry Fifteen Stones (2015) of the contemporary North American poet Craig Czury. Even though Craig Czury is the author of more than twenty books, many of them being translated into Albanian, Russian, Croatian, Lithuanian, Spanish, and Italian, there is very little literary criticism in relation to his works, particularly in Europe. Our analysis demonstrates that the controversial nature of prose poetry allows Craig Czury to create his poetical sites of resistance against the contemporary neoliberal consensus. Most of the prose poems included in the volume have the form of monologues, bearing a marked autobiographical character, revealing personal life experiences, sometimes traumatic ones, and carrying us into the vast geographical and cultural spaces the poet has travelled to, but also into surrealist scenarios of his imagination.

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Jezik vjere i metafora u njemu

Author(s): Rešid Hafizović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 26/2022

The language of faith in Islam primarily derives from the Qur’anic revelation as a comprehensive and complete revelation of God. Just as the Word of God establishes and covers all aspects of existence as God’s last and most perfect step towards human civilization, so too does the language of faith in Islam touch upon and define every aspect of human life. To illustrate what has just been said, it is sufficient to analyze it only through five fundamental categories, the meanings of which unequivocally testify to this fact: fiṭra, īmān, islām, dīn and iḥsān. These concepts have already been discussed in detail in the literature. Therefore, this paper offers only definitions as evidence that we often talk about different aspects of the language of faith.

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Stylizacja językowa w instrukcjach do polskich gier planszowych

Author(s): Iwona Pałucka-Czerniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article discusses the phenomenon of styling in the genre of instructions, in its sub-form of instructions for a board game. It is recognised that the text of the instructions leads to linguistic creation, introducing the player to the game’s specific world. This involves further creation of meanings in the game process and inclusion of users in a culture-based interactive character system. Stylisation occurs in about 20% of contemporary Polish texts studied. The choice of a less typical strategy for explaining the game’s story introduces an element of surprise to the product, provides additional aesthetic impressions, and sometimes even organises the entire game world. Quantitatively, fragments subjected to language stylisation do not prevail. Such stylisation, however, appears in the text frame and concerns not only the lexical layer, but also the language variation, genre, and even discourse.

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Observații despre uzul locuțiunii conjuncționale dar și în limba română actuală

Author(s): Adina Chirilă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 15/2022

În lucrări normative mai recente ale limbii române, felul în care se discută despre secvența dar și indică o acceptare a acesteia între construcțiile coordonatoare copulative, alături de cele organizate în perechi corelative. Ca și în cazul lui nu numai ..., dar și, implicarea corectă în discurs a locțiunii conjuncționale dar și este cu necesitate controlată de conținutul semantic adversativ latent al conjuncției dar din structura ei. În uzul cotidian, pot fi identificate însă exprimări în care emițătorul nu mai ține seama de faptul că dar și „focalizează membrul sintactic pe care îl precedă, prezentîndu-l ca fiind mai puțin probabil, deci mai semnificativ”. În asemenea situații, dar și apare ca exces verbal, în locul conjuncției coordonatoare simple și. Tendința ar putea fi justificată de nevoia emițătorului de a compensa, prin nota formală și aglomerare lexicală, simplitatea (uneori pauperitatea) conținutului de transmis.

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On the use of dar și [but also] in current Romanian

Author(s): Adina Chirilă / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2022

In more recent normative works of the Romanian language, the way in which the sequence dar și [but also] is discussed indicates an acceptance of it among the copulative coordinating constructions, along with those organized in correlative pairs. As in the case of nu numai ..., dar și [not only..., but also], the correct involvement in the discourse of dar și is necessarily controlled by the latent adversative semantic content of the conjunction dar [but] from its structure. In everyday use, however, the transmitter no longer takes into account the fact that dar și “focuses the syntactic limb it precedes, presenting it as less likely, therefore more significant”. In situations as such, dar șiappears as a verbal excess, instead of the simple coordinating conjunction și [and]. The tendency could be justified by the speaker’s need to compensate, through the formal note and lexical agglomeration, for the simplicity (sometimes pauperity) of the content that is to be transmitted.

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Poetika Šćepanovićevih romana Sramno leto, Iskupljenje i romana-novele Usta puna zemlje

Author(s): Miluša Bakrač / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2019

The research issue of this paper is Scepanovic’s narrative procedure in the novels: Sramno leto (Summer of Disgrace), Iskupljenje (Redemption) and his novel/novella Usta puna zemlje (Mouth Full of Earth). The analysis is based on the pluralism of literary theory methods, i.e. a combination of phenomenological, semiotic and narratological methodologies, and focuses on distinguishing of the following elements of the narrative structure of the mentioned texts: narrative situation, time and space organization, composition and character modeling, with a special view on Scepanovic’s modernist method which is, in the first place, characterized by the suppression of traditional dogmatism and patriarchal ethics, deconstruction of “humanity and heroism” semantics and the cult of the woman as an exemplary mother, sister and wife, relativization of post-war communist ideology ect.

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Prostor grada u romanima Jasmina Imamovića

Author(s): Mirta Bijuković Maršić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2012

Jasmin Imamović, Bosnian writer, in his novels The killing of death, Immortal deer, The adorer of a moment and Please, write proved himself as an excellent chronicler of the Zeitgeist. The paper shows the way in which Imamović inscribed urban identity, including: analyzing ways that was either experienced individual memories and experiences in urban space, watching the writer’s specific socio-cultural construction of the city and looking for events in the texts of everyday practice in an urban environment.

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Priča po mjeri (Proza Snježane Mulić i Lamije Begagić)

Author(s): Đurđa Strsoglavec / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2012

Two short story collections, Godišnjica mature (2005) by Lamija Begagić and Sanduk po mjeri (2007) by Snježana Mulić, significantly marked Bosnian-Herzegovinian literary production of the first decade of the twenty-first century. Despite both collections being authors’ first books, mature writing, feeling how to round up a story, cogent interweaving of perspectives and thematization of ”short cuts“, pieces torn out of narrators’ lives (bitter-sweet stories about small things that usually have fatal impact on protagonists’ lives) are characteristic for them and are narrated in the manner of montage mosaic. The paper shows from one side similarities, and from the other side differences in authors’ poetics (the first one is born in 1980, the second one in 1962) and at first sight apparent change of optics and narrative strategies in their second books, the novel Povratak (Mulić 2009) and the collection Jednosmjerno (Begagić 2010) where recognizable melancholic lyricism from their early prose works is kept.

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Ivo Andrić, pjesnik

Author(s): Stevka Šmitran / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2012

This paper is about Andrić’s poetry collections Ex Ponto (1918) and Nemiri (1920), as well as the collection Šta sanjam i šta mi se događa (1976), released after his death. The topic of this research regards the thematic circles: soul and God, loneliness and melancholy, and in accordance with them language and rhythm of the verses as well. The poetic and aesthetic adhesion to the Cosmos – where biographical and historical time concur – fits into the movement of revolutionary idealism of the youth in Europe, making possible Andrić’s reviving of spirit of the time in the native Bosnia, which is not a province of Europe anymore. Considering that the poetic work has received positive critical opinions from its very beginning, as well as taking into account the reticent relation of the poet to his own lyrics, the question about the critical formulation of sixty-year-long poetry writing – from 1911 (two poems published in “Bosanska vila”), through 1914 (six poems published in “Hrvatska mlada lirika”), until 1973, when he writes his last poem – has still remained unsolved in literary history. The paper also analyzes materials from Andrić’s manuscripts legacy – as a meaningful confirmation of writer’s “baptism” by the lyrics, and as an expression of the poetics of incompleteness. Guidelines of the overall insight into Andrić’s lyrics, on the basis of the mentioned studies, point to a particular quality of the poetry in the “function” of the prose and its “epic power” with which it became patrimony of world literature.

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Metafora kao odsustvo značenja u javnoj komunikaciji

Author(s): Danijela Marot Kiš,Nikolina Palašić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2012

From Aristotel who has studied metaphor as a decorated speech to modern (cognitive) theories where metaphor is described as a mediator of abstract concepts, metaphor remains a mean of enriching the language. Metaphor also shows connection between language and man’s sensory experience of the world and is a product of man’s literary mind. Assuming that metaphor really is a product of interaction between human mind, corporeality and complex concepts of the human world, it can be studied as a fundamental feature of language expression, in literary and everyday communication. Metaphor points to the sensory foundations of human understanding of the world and man’s efforts to explain the categories of this world linking the known with unknown, simple with complex and concrete to abstract. This is how metaphor provides a language dynamics. Everyday language of public communication (media, politics) contains various metaphors in the range from conceptual metaphore to richly decorated figures of speech. Some of them tend to make the speech more understandable, while other exaggerate the meaning. Frequent appearance of certain metaphorical circuits in a public speech can produce the opposite effect and impoverish the meaning (empty phrases). In this case, the metaphor becomes an end in itself, does not recall additional meaning or associate abundance of meaning contained in its expression. The aim of this study is to discover this kind of metaphor, describe the manner of its functioning and compare it with the conceptual metaphor to which it oppones as a language structure without a deeper meaning.

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Nefokusirani intervju i naknadno popunjavanje upitnika kao metod dijalektološke sintakse

Author(s): Zenaida Karavdić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2012

In former dialectological descriptions and observations in Bosnian as well as in other languages, it was paid little or no attention to the syntax because of serious problems such as longevity research, usefulness of the questionnaire, incompatibility with the phonetic and morphological researches, the influence of examiners’ speech on the speech of examinee, distribution and variability of syntactic phenomena and the absence of the unique methodology, etc. However, the syntactic study of dialects is required to complete descriptions of individual speech and dialects. This paper offers one possible method for dialectological syntax – unfocused interview and subsequently filling the questionnaires. The method consists of recording one hour of speech of as larger as possible number of examinees, the systematization of the data obtained by completing a detailed questionnaire, data analysis and verification by another interview with specific questions. This is the way to solve most problems in the dialectological syntax research, the previously unrecognized phenomen on could reveal using this method and that could help the delimitation of certain dialects.

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Gramatička sredstva izražavanja negacije

Author(s): Ana Makišova / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2012

The paper will illustrate different ways Slovak can express negation. Primarily, there is the prefix ne-. Lexemes with this prefix can be categorized as nominal, adjectival, verbal and adverbial. Several examples were found among numbers and pronouns as well. Word formation with the said prefix is very productive. The prefix negates the meaning of the rest of the word. Another negation formation mechanism is the use of nie, e.g. nie preňho. Negation in Slovak can also be expressed with the preposition bez, e.g. boli tam údaje bez adresy. Finally, there is also negation with the use of ani when this word is found next to a noun denoting a person or a thing, e.g. ani vlas na hlave nepohne.

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