"Klapać na pyszczysku", czyli o śląskiej leksyce i frazeologii dotyczącej mówienia

Author(s): Lidia Przymuszała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2019

The article discusses selected lexical units found in the dialects of Silesia, which refer to the act of speaking. It examines more than 190 tokens and collocations whose common denominator is the meaning of ‘speaking’. Analyzed are units referring to the content of the expression (with the main semantic component ‘to talk nonsense’), as well as those referring to physical aspects of the act of speaking, such as the clarity and accuracy of articulation (‘to speak indistinctly’, ‘to stutter’), the pace of speaking (‘to speak fast’, ‘to speak slowly’), also the tone, pitch, and intensity of the voice (‘to speak softly’, ‘to say shrilly’). An analysis of the collected material shows that these units form a semantically very heterogeneous group, and tokens and idioms which belong to it are characterized by a significant degree of semantic complexity. The article touches also the question of motivation and evaluation which is presented in the text of lexical units.

(Ne)prevodivost Ćopićeve poredbene frazeologije u djelu „Doživljaji Nikoletine Bursaća“

Author(s): Rada Stakić,Belma Šator / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2015

Taking the study of Copic’s oeuvre into consideration, his reception in German-speaking countries is relatively unknown. This paper deals with one segment of that cultural exchange – translatological and contrastive analysis of comparative phrasemes in a collection of short stories entitled The Adventures of Nikoletina Bursac. Phrasemes (phraseologisms, phraseological units) serve as a reflection of a people’s spirit and culture, they emerge on the basis of certain images – sometimes in common with other languages and cultures, but to a large extent so specific that phraseology as a discipline regards them as untranslatable. Given the fact that every translator’s task is to turn the untranslatable into the translatable, thus revealing their own understanding and evaluation of the foreign culture in question, this analysis seems to coroborate the claim that Ms Ina Jun-Broda managed to maintain the subtle balance with regard to the (un)translatibility of Copic’s protagonists’ sparkling language.

[A todo + INF]: velocidad e intensificación en una construcción fraseológica del español

Author(s): Belén López Meirama / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

The aim of this paper is to integrate the precepts of Construction Grammar into phraseology, for which a holistic description of the Spanish constructional idiom [a todo + INF] is provided. Constructional idioms are constructional patterns composed of certain fixed constituents and others that, although free slots, are subject to certain restrictions in terms of their combinations. The inductive methodology used to analyse these constructions is based on the assumption that frequency of use favours the creation of combinatory patterns, so that the analysis is carried out using data collected in various reference corpora, including the Spanish corpus of the TenTen family, available through the Sketch Engine program, Sketch Engine Spanish Web 2018. Such an analysis includes: the justification of its phraseological character, confirming its high degree of fixation, both formal and cognitive (entrenchment); a description of its meaning, whose core is intensification; a description of the types of verbs that prototypically fill the free slot, which mostly designate durative rather than delimited events, and the possibility of its integration into other constructions. This study confirms that an approach that encompasses both formal features and semantic and pragmatic ones and that bases the analysis on data extracted from large corpora offers more homogeneous, exhaustive, and convincing characterizations of constructional idioms, which have often been considered only from a formal perspective.

22nd Biennial Conference on Balkan and South Slavic Linguistics, Literature, and Folklore

Author(s): Helmut Wilhelm Schaller / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

5. Протокол заседания Московского лингвистического кружка (15 февраля 1920 года)

Author(s): Boris Tomashevsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/1977

O. Брик. Доклад Томашевского делится на 3 части. Последняя - критика Белого, не вызывает возражений, 2-ая заключает в себе интересные наблюдения, но 1-ая, методологическая - неубедительна. Говоря о ритме прозы, нужно прежде всего определить, что мы изучаем: ритм чтения или ритм написанного? Ритм декламационный нужно отличать от ритма имманентного. Но предположим, что изучаем ритм чтения. На чем базируется кривая ритма? Докладчик кладет в основу интонационные отрезки, но вместо интонации подставляет экспирацию. Подход, диктуемый аналогией со стихотворным ритмом, оказывается несостоятельным. Кроме того, выводы сделаны на основании небольшого материала, что не делает их общеубедительными.

A Contrastive Analysis of Hungarian and Croatian Idioms Containing the Component Head

Author(s): Nina Spicijarić Paškvan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This paper analyzes selected examples of idioms containing the component head in Croatian and Hungarian. Despite the fact that Hungarian and Croatian are not cognate languages, due to the universal experiences and to the fact that they belong to a common cultural circle, these languages have a large correspondence in their phraseology, which can be seen in somatic idioms as body parts represent a kind of universality. The aim of this paper is to show similarities and differences in lexical content and meaning of Croatian and Hungarian idioms containing the component head. The motivational basis of idioms is also discussed as well as the influence of basic and transferred meanings of the lexeme head on the meaning of idioms.

A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF IDIOMS WITH A ZOONYM COMPONENT IN ENGLISH AND BOSNIAN/CROATIAN/SERBIAN

Author(s): Adnan Bujak,Đelaludina Šukalić / Language(s): English Issue: XIX/2021

The aim of this paper is to offer insight on how English idioms containing the zoonym component are translated into Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS). The analysis includes 82 examples of English idioms taken from the lexicographic source, bilingual dictionary, which were then categorized according to their zoonym constituents and employed translation strategies. The results show that the most frequent translation strategy is the one of null equivalence. In other words, due to the lack of identical or similar structure in the target language, a complete paraphrase of an idiom with a zoonym component is the most frequently employed translation strategy. The paper also indicates the need for further research related to the comprehension and translation of idioms in English for the speakers of BCS.

A kárpátaljai magyar nyelvváltozatok szovjet párt- és kolhozélettel kapcsolatos archaizálódó neologizmusai

Author(s): Vilmos Gazdag / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

The aim of our study is to briefly summarise the course of the negotiations in Komárno and the First Vienna Award, and to give an insight into how the Hungarian and Slovak press of the time commented on the events. The Hungarian press blamed the Slovak party for the breakdown of the negotiations, saying that the Czechoslovak party was trying to stall for time and that it had not offered Hungary a number of territories with a predominantly Hungarian-speaking population. The Slovak papers, on the contrary, blamed the Hungarian party for the breakdown of the negotiations because of its excessive territorial claims. The Hungarian newspapers reported the outcome of the First Vienna Award with great joy and enthusiasm, while the Slovak press, of course, was negative. Although the First Vienna Award resulted in an ethnically much more equitable borderline between Hungary and Slovakia than it was before, the “Hungarian times” did not last long in the life of the Hungarian minority in southern Slovakia. After the Second World War, the First Vienna Award was annulled, as was the Munich Agreement. The Paris Peace Treaty, signed by Hungary on 10 February 1947, reaffirmed Hungary's Trianon borders, which once again put the Hungarians in Slovakia in a disadvantaged and minority position.In the 1900s, the communist ideals of the Soviet Union had a profound impact on all aspects of life. The party leadership, in its efforts to create the 'Soviet man', sought to control everything, whether it was public life or the recreational opportunities of its citizens. The same applied, of course, to agricultural and industrial activities. Here the party leadership, in a spirit of constant competition, sought to achieve the best possible results, to prove to everyone that there was always room for improvement. The ideological and economic impact was, of course, not only felt in people's daily lives, but also in the language they used. Many new concepts, objects, work processes and occupations were born, which had to be given a new name and became established in the language of minorities, including the Hungarian minority in Transcarpathia, as words without equivalents, in the form of direct borrowing. A significant number of these words are acronyms typical for the period in question and in historical and ethnographic research are nowadays mainly referred to as Sovietisms or historicisms. Of course, as stated in the title, this work is primarily concerned with those Russian and Ukrainian loanwords (or more precisely, some of them) that are also rooted in the Transcarpathian Hungarian language varieties, which were strongly connected to the political and economic institutions of the Soviet era, and as such, are gradually archaizing since the fall of the regime, as the generation of active workers grow older and die off.

A LEXICOGRAPHICAL APPROACH TO THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF BULGARIAN AND POLISH PHRASEOLOGY

Author(s): Diana Blagoeva,Maciej Paweł Jaskot,Wojciech Paweł Sosnowski / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2019

This article discusses the concept behind The Lexicon of Active Bulgarian and Polish Phraseology [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii bułgarskiej i polskiej] and provides an overview of the key aspects of the methodology used for selecting and composing the dictionary’s entries. The authors outline the theoretical underpinnings of this project, touching on the issue of interlingual equivalence, and explain both the process of selecting and verifying phraseological material and the methodology of presenting lexicographical information in the Lexicon. The article includes various examples of active phraseological units from both languages.

A Short Mapping of the Ways of Expressing Agreement in Romanian

Author(s): Violeta DRĂGOIESCU / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This communication represents a section/segment of our doctoral thesis titled Discursive Manifestations of Agreement and Disagreement in the Area of Romanic Languages. Pleading for an Intercultural Paradigm and its objective are to describe certain mechanisms of building the speech in order to show the complexity and importance of this linguistic phenomenon in communication. The speech is one of the preferred domains to apply pragmatic patterns, its analysis guiding us towards certain logic of the actions. Based on/supported by the language, the speech is under the constraint of both constitutive (structural) rules and efficiency principles. In the process of communication, there are at least two factors involved, one of them is that which initiates the action and the other is the beneficiary of the action previously initiated. They can perceive and issue a plethora of constative and performative sentences/utterances. The speech/ discourse analysis is mainly preoccupied with oral speech, especially with natural conversations’ analysis. By natural conversation, we understand any verbal interaction either face-to-face or away from each other (phone, letter, mail, a.s.o.) where situational, contextual, gestural, intonational factors play an important part. The first part of our endeavor/ step will be dedicated to defining and categorizing natural conversation (face-to-face), gestural communication and in the second part of our communication we shall describe and analyze the discourse markers of agreement and disagreement in the Romanian language, insisting also upon the consistency of the text, as an essential element in constructing, issuing and processing the information.

A szexualitásról való beszéd frazeológiája Csíkszentdomokoson

Author(s): Katalin Lajos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2021

The book What makes you feel out of this world: Sexual culture and morality among peasants by Lajos Balázs (Pallas-Akadémia, 2009; second edition 2010) met a long-felt need on the topic. The work is an ethnographic survey, an actual monograph of the topic of sexuality and sexual morality in a village of Eastern Transylvania, Csíkszentdomokos (Sândominic). Various scientific fields (sociology, sexual-psychology, folkloristics etc.) concern themselves with the topic of the book, yet it is still a taboo in Romanian culture, and there is no other work which tackles with the specific tools of ethnography this topic in a depth, so it can be considered a really important achievement in the field. The paper undertakes the task of analysing the phraseology of the texts of the interviewed subjects, and by mapping the topics related to the issue of sexuality show the richness of phraseology in this village.

A XVI‒XVII. századi szomatikus frazémák szerkezeti és szemantikai vizsgálata

Author(s): Ilona Rajsli / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

It comes from the anthropomorphic nature of language that names denoting parts of the body are often found as the key-word of phrasemes (somatic phraseologisms), and since this type of phrasemes can be found among the earliest collections of phrases and idioms, their study is also significant from diachronous aspect. The study examines types of meaning change among 17th–18th century somatic phraseologisms. There are a great number and varied wordings of phrasemes containing body parts, and we are making an attempt at defining the phenomena and the types of changes, and also, at describing features beyond certain semantic phenomena generally characteristic of Hungarian phrasemes. Our study encompasses interrelations between structural and semantic changes, e.g. paradigmatic relationships between phraseological units, changes of the key-word and phraseological synonymy and antonymy. The change of valence relationship can also bring about changes of meaning; in the analyzed early texts the process of phraseologization happens parallel to the transition from concrete to abstract, during which metaphorization plays the key role. The basis for the corpus study are texts written by Gáspár Heltai, Péter Bornemisza, István Magyari and Péter Pázmány.

About the Syntactic Structure of Bulgarian Proverbs and English Proverbial Parallels to Them

Author(s): Nadezhda Ershova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The article considers the most frequent sentence structures of Bulgarian proverbial parallels to Russian proverbs included into G. L. Permyakov’s paremiological minimum. The aim of the study is to classify the syntactic structures of the Bulgarian proverbs in comparison with the structures of the English proverbial parallels. The research has been based on the findings of a paremiological sociolinguistic experiment conducted by Professor M. Yu. Kotova of St. Petersburg State University and her paremiological group that resulted into series of publications titled “Tetradi Paremiographa” (“Handbooks of a Paremiographer”). The relevance of studying sentence structures is due to the fact that the coverage of grammatical issues, i.e. the analysis and description of the logical and syntactic structures of proverbs, is not paid sufficient attention in many languages.

Acta Marisiensis. Philologia

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Romania

<p>Acta Marisiensis. Philologia is an open access journal with all content free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open acces</p>

ADVERBIALS WITH ADJECTIVAL BASIS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE AND THEIR FREQUENCY IN SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Katharina Gerhalter,Stefan Koch / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Adverbials with Adjectival Basis in Brazilian Portuguese and Their Frequency in Spoken and Written Language. The present paper focuses on the use of adverbs with an adjectival lexical base in spoken and written present-day Brazilian Portuguese. We compare the frequencies of three different types of adverbials: adverbs in mente (e.g. absolutamente), adjective-adverbs (e.g. alto in falar alto ‘speak loudly’) and prepositional phrases with adjectives as the post-prepositional element (e.g. de novo), the latter being the main focus of this study. The analysis is based on the Discurso & Gramática-corpus, which consists of oral interviews of 170 informants and their written texts on the same topic as the one in the interviews. The data shows that prepositional phrases are less frequent (in terms of type and token frequency) than adjective-adverbs and adverbs ending in mente. Regarding the difference between spoken and written language, adverbs in mente occur remarkably more often in written texts while adjective-adverbs are more frequent in spoken language. Prepositional phrases, instead, occur equally in both codes. Finally, we draw the conclusion that prepositional phrases form a small but stable inventory of lexicalised forms, which are not marked for any code.

African elements (Africanisms) in modern American English

Author(s): Elnara Putayeva / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2021

The article deals with the influence of words of African origin on the formation of American English [AE] word stock. It provides new interpretation of Africanisms and shows the significance of this part of vocabulary in determining the characteristics of the American culture. The investigation is based on the existing sources (mainly lexicographic works) and is aimed at their new structural and functional analysis. As a result of the research, it became clear that most of the words of African origin were introduced to English spoken in America in the 17th century and some in the 18th and 19th centuries. The number of words and expressions from African languages that were introduced was closely related to African Americans’ way of living, their spiritual believes, rituals and attitudes and various objects used by them such as weapons. The word stock of the English language was enriched due to the assimilation of loanwords from languages of Africans living in America. A significant contribution to AE is the great amount of words naming animals, fruit, foodstuff, names of states, rivers and lakes, cities and towns.

Alcune note su un continuum paremiologico e fraseologico romanzo

Author(s): Oana Sălișteanu / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2021

The frequent comparison between Italian proverbs and set phrases and their correlated units in other national neo-Latin languages (Portuguese, Spanish, French and Romanian) can only evince the existence of a paremiological and phraseological Romance continuum, about whose axes of variation we would like to make some short remarks. Unfortunately, as traditional communities have almost disappeared all over the world, the paremiological treasure of each language is in constant decline. The first part of the paper considers the main formal and semantic structures shared by proverbs and idioms in all five languages which allow us to speak about a Pan-Romance continuum, with some possible “holes” in the Romance proverbs net. One may notice that he realia of Mediterranean lands are certainly very different from those reflected in the isolated Romanian language, and consequently, due to the shared social, Catholic, and geographical context, the proverbs of Western Romània are much more compact and similar, as they have been constantly strengthened by centuries of cultural and linguistic bonds. As far as their clear or obscure messages are concerned, the range spreads from a perfect semantic and formal match (as in pro memoria proverbs) up to a very high level of idiomaticity and therefore of untranslatability. There are at least two major categories of causes which brought to perfect similarity in all Romance languages: borrowed elements and internal evolution (due to the Latin heritage, due to the text of the Holy Scriptures or due to a plausible parallel development). The last part of the paper will point out the elements that do not overlap in this contrastive analysis (equivalent set phrases based on divergent types of metaphors, or diachronically, diatopically, diastratically and diaphasically marked proverbs and sayings of Romània).

Alte Namen Für “Alte Wörter”. Historische Bezeichnungen der Europäischen Sprichwörter

Author(s): Vilmos Voigt / Language(s): German Issue: 30/2005

Die auch als wissenschaftlich zu betrachtende Sammlung, Ordnung und Anwendung von Sprichwörtern blicken auch in Ungarn auf einige Jahrhunderte lange Vergangenheit zurück. János Baranyai Decsis Sprichwörtersammlung Adagiorum Graecolatinohungaricorum… (Bártfa 1598) befolgt die entwickeltesten Unterrichts- und Veröffentlichungsmethoden, die es in jener Zeit gab, nämlich Erasmus’ Bände mit lateinischen und griechischen Adagien. Im etwa 5000 (ungarische, lateinische und seltener griechische) Belege umfassenden Buch wird zwar keine ungarische Terminologie angeboten, auf dem Titelblatt kommt jedoch das Wort adagium und im lateinischen Vorwort die Benennungen proverbium und paræmiæ vor – ein Zeichen für die auch im internationalen Kontext uneinheitliche Verwendung von Termini. Im Fall des Ungarischen ist auch gegenwärtig nicht immer klar, was den Unterschied zwischen közmondás (Sprichwort) und szólás (Redensart), und sogar weiteren Bezeichnungen ausmacht. Die internationale Redensartenforschung (für die meistens der Ausdruck Parömiologie gebraucht wird) setzt das Wort Proverbium bzw. dessen Entsprechungen in der jeweiligen Nationalsprache als umfassenden Terminus ein. Interessanterweise haben Klassiker der internationalen Parömiologie wie B. J. Whiting, Archer Taylor und andere die vielerlei Bezeichnungen für Redensarten in den einzelnen Sprachen nicht aufgezählt, auch in Otto E. Molls internationaler Bibliographie wird die Problematik nicht eigens angesprochen.

American Proverbs as an International, National, and Global Phenomenon

Author(s): Wolfgang Mieder / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2005

Proverbs as one of the smallest ubiquitous folklore genres have been collected and studied since the beginning of written records. Both paremiographers and paremiologists have been hard at work at publishing collections and treatises throughout the world. In fact, proverb scholarship has reached such a phenomenal level of accomplishment that it is difficult for the fledgling proverb scholar to deal with the plethora of valuable information (see Moll 1958; Mieder 1982, 1990, 1993, 2001). And yet, as is true for most intellectual endeavors, there still remains much work to be done in both areas of proverb studies. The varied use and function of proverbs as cultural signs and strategically placed rhetorical devices need to be investigated in much more detail by paying attention to different historical periods (Burke 1941; Seitel 1969; Obelkevich 1987; Profantová 1998). Much can also still be learned by socio and psycholinguistic approaches that look at proverbs from the point of view of cognition, comprehension, and communication (Mieder 2003a). Above all, much more attention should be paid to the continued employment of proverbs in the modern age of technology, the mass media, the internet, and general globalization (Mieder 1993). But additional proverb collections based on serious lexicographical principles are also a definite desideratum, including regional, national, and international compilations. While much is known about common European proverbs, it is high time to assemble comprehensive and comparative African as well as Near and Far Eastern proverb collections. Such compendia will eventually enable paremiographers to isolate fundamental proverb types that connect peoples through common wisdom all over the world (Mieder 1990; Grigas 1996, 2000a).

An Exploratory Study about the Wine Tasting Terminology of Non-Expert Wine Drinkers

Author(s): Sílvia Barbosa / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2021

Wine is a well-known product and is part of human heritage and culture. However, studies indicate that many consumers do not understand the terminology used by wine experts. To understand if and how this applies to European Portuguese (EP), we asked two questions: (i) are non-experts aware of what certain wine descriptors mean when they read them on labels or in magazines?; (ii) what is the degree of proximity of non-expert definitions to expert definitions? We surveyed a group of speakers. Firstly, we asked for: “Define, in your own words, what you understand by [insert wine descriptor].” to see how informants defined in their own words what they understood by a given wine descriptor in a specific context related to wine. Secondly, we searched for the exact wine descriptor in specialized reference works and compiled the definitions presented in those works. The results of this sample allowed us to answer our questions with interesting facts about EP reality and what the non-expert consumer understand about wine descriptors, while providing us with clues to improve definitions in resources design to help non-expert consumers to better understand the wine domain and experts to express more clearly what they what to convey