"Sve što smo imali, sve što smo bili, svelo se na uspomene". Osobne Pripovijesti i pisma prognanika iz istočne Slavonije

Author(s): Irena Plejic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 15/1992

Based on three personal narratives and three letters of refugees from war struck regions of Croatia, the author investigates how such accounts can be approached as ethnographic data, the structure and contents of these accounts reveal that the war and refugee experience have influenced the way the refugees see themselves and think about certain core values of their culture. The author brings some insightful observations about the war as a period of reversed order, about gradual transformation of the cosmopolitan attitude of the inhabitants of Vukovar, about photographs and other mementos saved from the family house, which is seen as an irreplaceable determinant of the identity of the refugees, and finally, about the iconography of the refugees' current living quartos.

"Takvoga bogatstva oni nisu vidjeli"

Author(s): Marina Škrabalo,Tea Trkulja / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 15/1992

Transcribed personal narratives of two refugees from central (a Serb from Banija, male, about 60 years old), and eastern Croatia (a Croat from eastern Slavonia, female, about 60 years old) are treated in this text as ethnographic data. The authors have arranged their accounts in contrastive pairs which relate their attitudes, notions and commentaries about the beginning of the war in Croatia, about encounters with different armies (Yugoslav national army, Croatian army, etc.), about the transformation of daily life in war situation, about the things which the refugees thought were important to take when leaving their homes and about their return.

Agresija na BiH – Negacija ZAVNOBiH-a

Author(s): Becir Macic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 37/2007

U svom prilogu autor prikazuje ciljeve, metode i rezultate agresije velikosrpskog i velikohrvatskog nacionalizma u odnosu na državno-pravni identitet i međunarodno-pravni subjektivitet Bosne i Hercegovine, te navodi koje su osobine naše državnosti bile glavni cilj rušenja i destrukcije od strane navedenih agresora. Autor identificira agresora kao veliksrpski i velikohrvatski nacionalizam, a njihov zajednički cilj kao uništavanje države Bosne i Hercegovine i u konačnom njeno uključenje u druge države.

Bibliografija

Author(s): Zijad Šehic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 36/2007

Bjelovar i Bjelovarsko-bilogorska županija u Domovinskom ratu

Author(s): Davor Marijan / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

This paper tackles the issue of Bjelovar and the Bjelovar–Bilogora County in the Homeland War 1990–1995. The Bjelovar area is inseparable from the western Slavonian region, with its specific demographic structure and a relatively large Serbian ethnic community. The majority of this community did not accept the new Croatian authority; when the time was right, they rose in rebellion. In 1990, Pakrac became the unlucky centre of the aggressive Serbian community, and the Bilogora and Papuk mountains offered very convenient conditions for organising and expanding Serbian mutiny. In the region, there was a considerable concentration of the Yugoslav National Army, especially in Bjelovar, Virovitica and Doljani garrisons. In the dramatic September of 1991, almost the whole of this potential was – with more or less resistance – transferred into Croatian hands, and they consequently played a major role in the War and the establishment of the Croatian Army. In the autumn of 1991, in a decisive defence action, Serbian forces were disabled in the attempt to sever Croatia on the Okučani–Virovitica stretch, which would have resulted in separating Slavonia from the mother country. This defence was of strategic importance, as well as were the liberation operations that followed since the end of October 1991; major areas were thereby restituted as parts of the legal system of the Republic of Croatia. In the period 1992–1995, the region had experienced the effects of the non-efficient mandate of the UN Peacekeeping Forces. The final solution was reached in 1995 on the battlefield, in the operations Bljesak (Flash) and Oluja (Storm); in both of which a part of the units of the Croatian Army and Police Forces from the Bjelovar–Bilogora County were strongly involved. The topic is presented based on the available documents and literature. Between the summer of 1990 and the end of 1992, no regional division was in force; however, Bjelovar was the centre of the Police Administration that had succeeded the earlier regional division of the communities of municipalities; since the autumn of 1991, it was also the Command of the Operational Zone Bjelovar. The author has taken into consideration this organisational aspect as well, as it is of significance for the understanding of the problem area on the whole.

Bjelovarski književni i kulturni prostor (1991. - 2000.) - pjesnički rukopis ratnog i poratnog pisma

Author(s): Ilija Pejic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

In the first part, this study offers a reconstruction of the cultural life of Bjelovar and its surroundings – the Bjelovar literary and cultural circle (Bjelovar, Čazma, Đurđevac, Daruvar, Garešnica, Grubišno Polje) – by presenting portraits of writers, painters, musicians and educators; as well as by exhibitions, concerts, the work of associations and institutions; and a review of the publishing activity (newspapers, magazines, journals, books, monographs, etc.). The war havoc and the transitional deconstruction of the symbolic city capital (heritage, space) caused by globalisation are the two key elements that have formed not only wartime writings, but also the context in (the connection with) which they were created. The second part of the study is a presentation of wartime (1991–1995) and postwar (1996–2000) poetic writings in the Bjelovar literary and cultural circle, incorporated in poems and lyrical writings by numerous authors (V. Bažant, Ž. Sabol, K. Kovrlija, B. Kreštan, S. Frajtić, M. Mađerić, V. Vargović, I. Pejić, B. Jelušić, B. Delić, A. Perše Deškin, M. Vidović, K. Blaha, A. S. Prević, K. Prević, Z. Satrapa, L. Erl Luketa, D. Horvat Zácskai, M. Borovac, etc.). It forms a tribute to a better comprehension of Croatian wartime writings. The emphasis has been put on poetry – the poem and its structure as a humanistic analysis of the indifferent world, the understanding of the meaning of suffering and victim, self-perception and the perception of the other party – the enemy, with strong belief in the good and the victory thereof, as well as on the analysis of heritage and its endurance when facing the forces of destruction (wounded city, wounded land, etc.). The need for the as authentic as possible witnessing of the “severe reality”, wartime events, and memory in general determined the frequency of the genre of autobiographical/memoir literature, and the stylistic specificity of wartime writing as a pronouncedly documentary, factual/descriptive (stating the date and venue of the text), and in tone and directness similar to folk story telling – equally in prose, dramatic, and lyrical texts.

Borbeno djelovanje Posebne jedinice policije Policijske uprave Bjelovar Omege 1991. godine

Author(s): Jakša Raguž / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

The Special Police Task Force of the Police Administration Bjelovar – Omega – was formed on 23rd February 1991 as the first regional unit of the Special Police Forces in Croatia. It covered the territory between western Slavonia and Podravina. Its commanders were Miralem Alečković and Hamdija Mašinović, and during the War, Omega numbered 302 active and 418 reserve members. The unit carried out its first operation on 2nd March 1991 in Pakrac, and became thereby the first Croatian army unit that was to operate actively in the Homeland War. After a series of interventions in Pakrac, the defence of Glina followed, and the tragic ambush in Sirač, where two members were killed and seven wounded. The next was the tragedy in Kusonje, where the unit attempted to rescue the Bjelovar guardsmen. Battles for Daruvar and Doljani followed, as well as the freeing of Pakrac by breaking out through Kukuljevac. In September, the unit played the crucial role in overtaking the barracks of the Yugoslav National Army in Doljani and Bjelovar. Omega had continued its warpath on the Pakrac–Lipik stretch, where it had carried out as many as nine interventions until the end of 1991. The unit was further one of the crucial success factors in Otkos 10, the Bilogora liberation operation. Omega further participated in the liberation operations Papuk-91 and Alfa. During the Homeland War, six members of the unit were killed, while 43 were wounded.

Boris Begović, Zoran S. Mirković (ur.), Pravni poredak Nezavisne Države Hrvatske

Author(s): Ljubodrag Dimic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2019

Boris Begović, Zoran S. Mirković (ur.), Pravni poredak Nezavisne Države Hrvatske, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd 2017, 356.

Bosna i Hercegovina 1992-1995. i međunarodna diplomatija

Author(s): Zijad Šehic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 37/2007

U svom prilogu autor analizira djelovanje međunarodne diplomatije u vezi sa situacijom u Bosni i Hercegovini i tokom rata na tlu Bosne i Hercegovine i razlaže odnos te diplomatije prema njoj kao državi i njenim institucijama. Autor ukazuje na nejedinstvo međunarodne javnosti i politike u tom pogledu i na kompromise koje je ona iznudila da bi ostvarila nešto što jeste stanje mira, ali nije trajno stanje sigurnosti i normalnog života za ljude koji u Bosni i Hercegovini žive.

Bosna i Hercegovina 1992-1995. u njemačkim izvorima i literaturi. Nacrt projekta istraživanja

Author(s): Zijad Šehic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 36/2007

Nakon smrti Josipa Broza 1980. na njemačkom govornom području sa velikom pažnjom praćena su zbivanja u SFR Jugoslaviji. Uglavnom su predstavljena u publicistici, sadržavajući najvećim dijelom futurističke predstave i scenario koji se deceniju kasnije ostvario.

Bosna i Hercegovina u posljednjoj deceniji XX vijeka

Author(s): Enver Redžic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 36/2007

Tema o kojoj ću uvodno govoriti zaslužuje cijelu biblioteku iscrpnih rasprava, studija i monografija kojima će se, sasvim izvjesno, baviti bosanska, evropska i svjetska istorijska nauka u predstojećoj budućnosti. Ona to zaslužuje zbog toga što je u posljednjoj deceniji BiH bila čvorište i ratni poligon protivrječja u bosanskim, evropskim i svjetskim političkim odnosima. Ako se ja ipak opredjeljujem da danas govorim o toj temi, činim to stoga što nalazim da je u ovom desetljeću istorijska nauka svojim ostvarenjima bila izraz njegove realnosti.

Broj umrlih tokom opsade Sarajeva, od aprila 1992. do decembra 1995: studija smrtnosti zasnovana na osam obimnih izvora podataka

Author(s): Ewa Tabeau,Jakub Bijak,Neda Loncaric / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Report on the expertise in the case of SLOBODAN MILOŠEVIĆ / BOSNIA (IT-02-54).

Broj žrtava u opsadi Sarajeva od aprila 1992. do decembra 1995. - Studija o stopi smrtnosti na osnovu osam velikih izvora podataka

Author(s): Neda Loncaric,Jakub Bijak,Ewa Tabeau / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Predmet ovog izveštaja jeste ukupan broj žrtava opsade Sarajeva od aprila 1992. do decembra 1995. Podaci navedeni u ovom izveštaju dobijeni su za područje koje smo nazvali Sarajevo šest, a obuhvata teritoriju šest sarajevskih opština: Centar, Ilidža, Novi Grad, Novo Sarajevo, Stari Grad i Vogošća. Te opštine su analizirane na osnovu teritorijalne podele Bosne i Hercegovine pre rata (od 1991).

Civilno stanovništvo daruvarskog i grubišnopoljskog područja u zbivanjima 1990. - 1991. godine

Author(s): Vjenceslav Herout / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

The civil population in the Daruvar and Grubišno Polje areas shared in 1990 and 1991 all the wartime sufferings that other parts of Croatia were struck by as well. In this area, civilian victims outnumbered the ones who actively participated in wartime actions within military and police units. The events that marked the year of 1990 and the first half of 1991 should be regarded as political; therefore, they belong to the civil sector. The military component should be set in the background, especially after the arms belonging to the territorial defence were, mid 1990, stored in the Polom arsenal near Daruvar. This was, however, only a deceit; soon the civil population of Serbian nationality began to arm itself, and thereby commenced the realisation of the well-prepared military scenario regarding the fate of these areas. Political battles that started by forming new non-communist parties, which entered into a conflict in connection – to the most part – with the reorganisation of the state, marked this period. The Serbian Democratic Party and the majority of Serbian population in the areas of Daruvar and Grubišno Polje were followers of the policy of centralism, and later, of the expansion of Serbia, which Milošević advocated. The rest of the population expressed their opinion at the referendum conducted in May 1991; the choice for the future was – for the vast majority – Croatian independence and sovereignty. Though harsh words had been used for some time in political battles, this remained within tolerable limits. In both municipalities, the Social Democratic Party held the power in its hands, caring more about how to lower the political tensions in the areas, and believing that most problems would be solved at the state level and subsequently stilled. Due to such an atmosphere, civil population was confused, finding it hard to cope in the midst of the political turmoil. Not being used to living in a multi-party system, the majority did not enter the membership of any of the parties. This, however, does not mean that they did not prefer one to the others. Such events ceased when arms took over the place of the table in tackling political issues. Even if killing three police officers in Daruvar in July 1991 was intended to be presented as an act of terrorism, which was condemned by all parties, the attacks on Daruvar and Grubišno Polje in the second half of August 1991 completely disclosed the welldeveloped Belgrade scenario intended for these areas. In the Daruvar and Grubišno Polje municipalities, the unarmed civilians contributed immensely in performing numerous tasks during wartime operations, and were thus a major support to Croatian defenders. Among them, there were many educational and health workers, peasants, as well as men and women who provided food and clothing to the defenders. Civilian victims and contribution have so far remained inadequately valorised.

Conflict in Kosovo: Failure of Prevention? An Analytical Documentation, 1992-1998

Author(s): Stefan Troebst / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 1998

The editorial deadline for this documentation was 9 March 1998--the day the Contact Group on Bosnia-Herzegovina emerged as the main international forum to deal with the Kosovo problem in its »new” and much more pressing form. The term Kosovo refers to the administrative unit in the South-western corner of the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) – a territory of 10,887 square kilometres called Kosova or Kosova dhe Rrafshi i Dukagjinit in Albanian and Kosovo or Kosovo-Metohija (abbreviated Kosmet) in Serbian. The author is indebted to colleagues in three institutions and networks dealing with the Kosovo conflict he has been or is part of: (1) The »International Commission on the Balkans,” founded in 1995 by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Aspen Institute Berlin; (2) a group of contributors to a »Kosovo Policy Study” in the framework of the Conflict Prevention Network of Directorate General 1A of the European Commission at Brussels set up in 1997; and (3), a group of intellectuals from Prishtina and Belgrade as well as external experts brought together for the first time in 1996 by the Bertelsmann Science Foundation and the Research Group on European Affairs at the Centre for Applied Politics of the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich. Farimah Daftary, Kinga Gál, Priit Järve, and William McKinney of ECMI have been supportive—and creative--in searching for documents and materials

Demografska obilježja Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije u međupopisnom razdoblju 1991. - 2001. godine nastala kao posljedica ratnih zbivanja

Author(s): Marin Sabolovic,Goran Vukovic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

The last census in the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia was conducted mid 1991, and the “critical moment” of establishing the state took place on 31st March 1991. The results of this census demonstrate the pre-war demographic features present within the transitional administrative and territorial division, which was confirmed by the later introduced, and partly changed, county organisation of the Republic of Croatia (in 1992). The period between censuses was marked by the aggression on the Republic of Croatia and the occupation of a part of its territory. The result thereof was a changed population structure, which became evident in the 2001 census data; this was the first post-war census conducted in Croatia. Further demographic oscillations occurred as a result of the operations by which – in the wider territory of north-western Croatia – the temporarily occupied parts thereof, primarily the Bilogora area, were liberated; due to the non-efficient international peacekeeping forces, preconditions for the continuance of the liberation of the occupied territory, which were realised in the 1995 operations, had been created. The objective of this paper is to present – based on the cartographic presentations drafted by using the Geographic Information System, as well as by the means of the cartographic visualisation methods and the statistical data analysis methods based on two censuses – the special arrangement and the interdependence between the demographic features of the population in the Bjelovar–Bilogora County and the Great-Serbian aggression together with the effects thereof on the demographic situation following the end of the Homeland War.

Demografske posledice sukoba u Opštini Vlasenica, maj-septembar 1992.

Author(s): Ewa Tabeau,Marcin Zóltkowski / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

NIKOLIĆ (IT-94-2-PT) Report on Discourse

Demografske posljedice sukoba u Opštini Vlasenica, maj-septembar 1992.

Author(s): Ewa Tabeau,Marcin Zóltkowski / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Ja sam demograf na radu u Demografskoj sekciji (Demographic Unit – DU) pri Tužilaštvu Međunarodnog krivičnog suda za bivšu Jugoslaviju (MKSJ). Sažetak mojih profesionalnih kvalifikacija i iskustva u oblasti demografije dat je u Dodatku A ove izjave. Moja glavna oblast rada pri Uredu tužitelja je izučavanje demografskih posljedica sukoba devedesetih godina u bivšoj Jugoslaviji, a posebno u Bosni i Hercegovini. Glavne teme koje se izučavaju u DU su sukobima uzrokovane promjene veličine i etničkog sastava stanovništva, pomjeranja stanovništva i izbjeglice, mortalitet uzrokovan sukobom i nestale osobe. Pouzdani izvori podataka na individualnom nivou, kao što su npr. popis stanovnika, druge velike ankete ili detaljni spiskovi ubijenih ili nestalih osoba, kao i široko priznate standardne statističke metode, čine osnovu demografskih izučavanja koja se vrše u Demografskoj sekciji. Naš cilj je da pružimo pouzdanu statistiku koja će omogućiti ocjenu tipa i opsega demografskih posljedica sukoba. Studiju o kojoj je riječ u ovoj izjavi pripremila sam ja, uz pomoć Marcina Žóltkowskog saradnika istraživanja u Demografskoj sekciji. Osnovni cilj te studije je da se utvrde demografske brojke za promjene etničkog sastava u opštini Vlasenica u srednje-istoþnom dijelu Bosne i Hercegovine tokom perioda 1991–1997., kao i za raseljene osobe i izbjeglice (priručna mapa Vlasenice data je na kraju ovog odjeljka). Drugo, razmatramo i osnovne demografske profile osoba koje su nestale u opštini Vlasenica tokom sukoba od maja do septembra 1992. Izučavanje nestalih osoba teži da utvrdi apsolutan broj i etnički sastav onih koji su nestali između maja i septembra 1992. i da utvrdi da li je bilo nekih konkretnih perioda kada su ljudi nestajali. U našem izvještaju analiziramo tri izvora podataka: popis stanovništva iz 1991., koji je izvršen u Bosni i Hercegovini kao dio popisa iz 1991. u bivšoj Jugoslaviji, birački spiskovi koje je sačinila Organizacija za sigurnost i suradnju u Evropi (OSCE) za izbore 1997. i 1998. godine, te spisak nestalih osoba koji je utvrdio Međunarodni komitet Crvenog krsta (MKCK). Uporedili smo spiskove osoba koje su obuhvaćene biračkim spiskovima i spisak nestalih osoba MKCK-a s imenima i podacima za osobe obuhvaćene popisom iz 1991. Potraga za jednom istom osobom u dva ili više različitih izvora naziva se povezivanje individualnih podataka i takva potraga povečava koliþinu informacija o osobama. To povezivanje nam je omogućilo da zajedno analiziramo podatke koji su dolazili iz više izvora.

Domovinski rat i demografska kretanja u Bjelovarsko-bilogorskoj županiji

Author(s): Rudolf Kiralj,Zrinka Puharic,Dalibor Cavic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

The Homeland War, which was fought in Croatia 1991–1995, was the most important event that took place in the recent Croatian history. As a consequence thereof, the Republic of Croatia gained its independence and sovereignty, but also suffered huge human and material losses. It may be assumed that the Homeland War, together with the wars fought in other former Yugoslav republics, exercised – in the demographical sense – an impact on all areas in Croatia, and hence on the area of the present Bjelovar–Bilogora County as well. In 1991, this county was directly involved in the barracks-conquering operations, and the military and police operations Otkos-10 and Orkan-91; in the period 1992–1995, its major part was located in the UNPA Sector West. It is hence of great importance to comprehend the present demographic movements in this county in the light of pre-war, wartime and postwar demography. To this purpose, the demographic data (number of inhabitants) for all areas of the present 23 local administration units were taken from the censuses of 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011; analysed by the means of hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The main components were equally analysed. The relations among the variables (census years) and the relations among the local administration units were described two-dimensionally – by a dendrogram and the main components, and explained in the light of the trends by a graph showing the movements of the population in local administration units; the events in the Homeland War; and the decrease in the number of Serbian nationals in the period 1991–2001. The Homeland War undoubtedly set a new direction to demographic movements. Local administration units form clusters differing according to the stage and time of depopulation, as well as to the extent and manner of having been affected by the Homeland War. The War has caused intensified depopulation, population aging and ethnic homogenisation. Consequently, energetic activities and an efficient long-term strategy for the repopulation and revitalisation of the county at all authority levels are needed.

DOPRINOS DIPLOMATIJE REPUBLIKE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE MEĐUNARODNOM PRIZNANJU DRŽAVE 1992. GODINE I OČUVANJU NJENOG IDENTITETA

Author(s): Sead Selimovic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 10/2018

The author of the paper writes about the contribution of the diplomacy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the international recognition of the state in 1992 and the preservation of her identity. The international recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina has made the country's defense legitimate, and also it made the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and all state institutions legitimate as well. In 1992, Bosnia-Herzegovinian diplomacy focused its activities on the most important subjects of international relations such as the United States, the EU, the United Nations. In its activities, the diplomacy has introduced the world public with the character of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the inevitability of its accession to the United Nations. In addition, the world's public was continually being informed with the fact that Bosnia and Herzegovina is a "historical political entity", a multicultural society, and that life of all its nations together has no alternative.