Agresija na BiH – Negacija ZAVNOBiH-a

Author(s): Bećir Macić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 37/2007

U svom prilogu autor prikazuje ciljeve, metode i rezultate agresije velikosrpskog i velikohrvatskog nacionalizma u odnosu na državno-pravni identitet i međunarodno-pravni subjektivitet Bosne i Hercegovine, te navodi koje su osobine naše državnosti bile glavni cilj rušenja i destrukcije od strane navedenih agresora. Autor identificira agresora kao veliksrpski i velikohrvatski nacionalizam, a njihov zajednički cilj kao uništavanje države Bosne i Hercegovine i u konačnom njeno uključenje u druge države.

AGRESIJA NA BIH – NEGACIJA ZAVNOBIH-A

Author(s): Bećir Macić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U radu “Agresija na BiH – negacija ZAVNOBiH-a” se kroz više aspekata sagledava u kojoj mjeri je agresija na BiH, u periodu 1991-1995., doprinijela destrukciji odluka i duha ZAVNOBiH-a. Ovo polazno stanovište je testirano na pojavi velikodržavnih projekata, krizi jugoslovenskog društva u kontekstu opšte svjetske krize socijalizma, stvaranju nacionalnih država na tlu bivše Jugoslavije, pojavnim oblicima nacionalizma i drugih retrogradnih ideologija, te pojavi neofašizma. Posebno su negirane odredbe Rezolucije ZAVNOBiH-a od 26. novembra 1943. i Deklaracije ZAVNOBiH-a o pravima građana Bosne i Hercegovine, od 1. jula 1944. S tim u vezi, naročito je u koincidenciju dovedena agresija i negiranje odluka pomenutih dokumenata da narodi BiH ne žele više povratak starog stanja, ravnopravnost Srba, Muslimana i Hrvata BiH, koja je njihova zajednička i nedjeljiva domovina; sloboda vjeroispovjesti, savjesti, zbora, dogovora, udruživanja i štampe, i dr. Agresija je značila i negaciju svih tekovina ZAVNOBiH-a, koje su se manifestovale u multietničnosti, multikonfesionalnosti i multikulturalnosti. Izvršen je atak na državu BiH, ravnopravnost njenih naroda, toleranciju i suživot. Na djelu su različiti oblici zločina, kršenje ljudskih prava i sloboda, te destrukcija ustavnopravnog poretka BiH, svojevrsni urbicid i stvaranje etnički čistih teritorija, sa neviđenom propagandom i populizmom.

Alija izetbegović, vrhovni komandant oružanih snaga Republike Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Fikret Muslimović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 50/2020

(Lecture held on the occasion of the 95th anniversary of the birth of Alija Izetbegović, August 5th 2020). This is the integral text of the lecture in which the author focused on the role of Alija Izetbegović as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bosnia during the aggression and war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992 – 1995). In doing so he paid special attention to the circumstances in which he acted as the head of the civilian command in this imposed war. He clarified the formal side and the real authority that Izetbegović wielded as the supreme commander, his scope of work, powers and responsibilities, as well as his direct activities in the ranks of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a direct associate of Alija Izetbegović during the war, the author pointed out his basic character traits – a highly moral and responsible man caught in the chaos of war. He tried to motivate others with his influence, to embolden all subjects of society and the state to direct their attention and to act in favor of strengthening the combat efficiency of the Armed forces.

AMERIČKA JAVNOST I 27. MART 1941. U JUGOSLAVIJI

Author(s): Radoje Nenadović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1987

The goal of this study is to point out how much was the press and public opinion in the United States interested for the events which took place in the spring of 1941. in Yugoslavia, actually to describe how much sensation have those events - the joining of Yugoslavia with the Tripartite Alliance and the coup d’etat of March 27. - produced in the United States. The articles and documents used in this paper enabled comparison of the American foreign policy with the mood of their public opinion. The titles in American newspapers from that time indicate the growth of interest for the political events in Yugoslavia. American pressing the meaning of a historical source has not been used to the present time in exploring these events. The newspaper articles analysed in this work provide a clear image of the American political strategy in the Balkans, together with a thorough insight in their striving to induce and support the resistance against the Nazi penetration into South-east Europe, and particularly in Yugoslavia. In the need to understand better the writing of the American press about the changes in Yugoslavia, from the moment of joining the Axis to the onset of the April war, this paper includes official Diplomatic papers issued by the U.S. Government Printing Office, considering more important events which occurred immediately before the „March revolution”. As from the beginning of the year 1941., and particularly from the middle of February, American press became more detailed in dealing with the political events in Yugoslavia. American newspapers greeted the coup d’etat of March 27. with enthusiasm, connecting it primarily to the war like and freedom spirited traditions of the Serbian people. Although there were some articles in the American newspapers in which the relations between Yugoslavia and the United States were observed from the Isolationist point of view,the greater part of newspaper material encircled in this work, testifies about a wide support of the American public opinion to the resistance of Yugoslav people against the Nazi aggression. The common attitude of the American public opinion was, in the majority of cases, identical with the official policy of the U.S. government towards Yugoslavia.

AMERIČKI KONGRESMEN I SRPSKI LOBI U SAD-u: SLUČAJ DANA BURTONA, 1992–1995.

Author(s): Hamza Karčić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2021

The aim of this paper is to analyze the foreign policy activism of former Republican Congressman Dan Burton during the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia. Based on Burton's newly accessible congressional papers, this article traces the Indiana Republican's efforts to influence US policy towards Bosnia. Opposed to any US involvement in Bosnia, Burton's views reflected the Serbian-American diaspora's policy positions on Bosnia. Though ultimately unsuccessful, Burton's efforts in the early 1990s provide a glimpse into how opponents of American intervention in Bosnia operated.

An Analysis of The Contents of History Textbooks in Serbia Regarding the Wars in the Former Yugoslavia in the Light of the Facts Established Before the ICTY

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2015

Analiza dugotrajnosti kaznenih postupaka za ratne zločine vođenih na sudovima u RH

Author(s): Nikolina Židek / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Predmet ove analize kazneni su postupci za ratne zločine, vođeni na sudovima u Republici Hrvatskoj od 90-ih godina do danas, u skladu s dostupnom dokumentacijom, radi dobivanja podataka o trajanju kaznenih postupaka u spomenutim predmetima kako bi se utvrdile prosječne vrijednosti, a s njima i učinkovitost sudstva u postupcima za ratne zločine. Podaci su prikupljeni pregledom pravomoćnih presuda, ali i pregledom dokumentacije u predmetima koji su još u tijeku, objavljene na web-stranicama Centra za mir, nenasilje i ljudska prava (http://www.centar-za-mir.hr/), uz provjeru pojedinih slučajeva uvidom u popis Državnog odvjetništva Republike Hrvatske od ožujka 2013. godine1 . U nekim slučajevima konzultirali smo presude na web-stranicama Vrhovnog suda RH i dobili podatke iz novinskih članaka, objavljenih na internetu, kojima su popraćena neka od suđenja. Dostupni podaci sigurno su dostatni za analizu trendova u pojedinim razdobljima i predstavljaju reprezentativan uzorak, ali zbog nedostataka cjelovite dokumentacije i javno objavljenih podataka o svim sudskim postupcima za ratne zločine, neophodno je naglasiti da se u prikazu podataka ne govori o ukupnim i konačnim brojkama.

Analiza zakonske i sudske politike kažnjavanja počinitelja kaznenih djela ratnih zločina

Author(s): Marko Sjekavica,Jelena Đokić Jović,Maja Kovačević Bošković / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Sažeto rečeno, svrha kaznenih sankcija sastoji se od posebne i opće prevencije te od retribucije/kažnjavanja društva počinitelja kaznenih djela. U suvremenim pravnim porecima zapadnog tipa, težište se pomaknulo na preventivni element kaznenog sankcioniranja radi odvraćanja od činjenja budućih kaznenih djela i s težnjom resocijalizacije počinitelja, iako osuda i kazna ostaju sastavni dio izricanja kaznenih sankcija.

ANDRIĆISM: An Aesthetics for Genocide

Author(s): Rusmir Mahmutćehajić / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2013

Andrić’s fiction is closely identified with Bosnia and often taken for a faithful reflection of that country’s culture, social relations, and tragic history. Rather than reflecting Bosnian pluralism, however, his oeuvre undermines its very metaphysical underpinnings, in part because his works are so firmly rooted in the European experience of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. From the perspective of a dominant modernity, certain cultures and peoples came to be presented as un-European, Oriental, and essentially foreign. Bosnia, which had always been a religiously plural society, now became one where ideological models excluded its Muslim inhabitants. In line with longstanding European practice, Andrić drew an image of the Bosnian Muslim as Turk and the Turk as Bosnian Muslim, converting the real content of Bosnian society into a plastic material for the ideologues of homogenous societies to use in modelling external and internal enemies that were essentially identical. This process required as its precondition the destruction of that enemy through a process described as the social and cultural liberation of the Christian subject. Over time, this exclusion took on forms now termed genocide. In creating this image, Andrić deployed narrative techniques whose function may fairly be characterized as the aesthetic dissimulation of our ethical responsibilities towards the other and the different. Such elements from his oeuvre have been used in the nationalist ideologies anti-Muslimism serves as a building block. In this paper, certain aspects of the ideological reading and interpretation of Andrić’s oeuvre are presented.

Ante Gotovina case: an error of law which led to innocence?

Author(s): Wiktor Hebda / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 30 years ago still has a substantial impact on the post-Yugoslav countries which proclaimed independence. Bearing in mind that the breakup also generated a military conflict, e.g. in Croatia, the restoration of Serbian-Croatian relations remains problematic. One of the challenges is passing a fair judgment on people responsible for war crimes or crimes against humanity. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established for this reason in particular. Ante Gotovina – a Croatian general, was one of those indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in connection with the military operation “Oluja” during which some heinous acts of crime took place. Gotovina played a clear and primary role in this operation, and therefore his actions were the main count of the indictment, firstly, for the prosecution and then for the Trial Chamber of ICTY. However, the sentence of 24 years imprisonment was never carried out following a successful appeal. The Appeals Chamber did not uphold the verdict of the Trial Chamber owing to a serious legal error and, consequently, it acquitted Gotovina of all the charges. This issue became yet another source of Serbian-Croatian conflict in connection with the most important people held responsible for the crimes committed in 1991-1995

Antifašistička tradicija kao čuvar političkog jedinstva naroda u BiH

Author(s): Senadin Musabegović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2021

This paper presents the key moments in the develpment of socialist Yugoslavia, including its disingegration, that is post-socialist transition or the period when the etno-nationalist elites took over ruling power and broke apart not only Yugoslavia but socialist system that created it. The politics of socialist Yugoslavia itself oscilated between: authoritative one-party politics and democratic tendencies expressed through self-management politics; state unitarism and national separatism; priciples of equality and liberty; international socialist cosmopolitanism and antiimperial national self-determination; bolshevik exlusiveness and restrictivity and socialdemocratic openess; politics of the West and the East... It was depending on historical context that one tendency was dominant over the other. But in any case, the politics of socialist Yugoslavia was directed towards finding its own path of development of the state and socialist society, which—regardless of its internal controversies— managed to create a new political community at the same time maintain the exhisting one. In the context of development of DFJ (Democratic Federal Yugoslavia), but also FNRJ (Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia), and then SFRJ (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), Bosnia and Herzegovina had a very important role. Bosnia and Herzegovina was constituted through the decisions of ZAVNOBiH (the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) presented on its founding meeting on November 25, 1943 in Mrkonjić Grad and recognized as one of the Republics within State Federation of Yugoslavia that same year on the Second Session of AVNOJ (Anti-Fascist Council for the People’s Liberation of Yugoslavia) which took place on November 29 in Jajce. The author focuses on the significance of anti-fascism, which recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina and was based on the notion that this republic acts as a bridge that connects South Slavic community in political and symbolic sense.

Antifašistički maj u znaku Ive Lole Ribara

Author(s): Srđan Milošević / Language(s): Serbian

U ponedeljak 23. aprila u KC Parobrod odigran je za ovdašnje prilike nesvakidašnji performans. Povodom dana rođenja Ive Lole Ribara, omladinskog aktiviste, ilegalca, partijskog rukovodioca KPJ, ratnika, Narodnog heroja, u produkciji Reflektor teatra petoro glumaca je sa izvanrednim nadahnućem Ivinim rečima govorilo o njegovom vremenu i o svevremenim temama: o poimanju pravde, o dužnosti, o odgovornosti, o antifašizmu, o slobodi. U režiji Milene Minje Bogavac – Nina Nešković, Sunčica Milanović, Strahinja Blažić, Nikola Živanović i Đorđe Živadinović Grgur proveli su nas kroz segmente Lolinog života, darujući nam kulturni i društveni događaj koji je odisao duhom jugoslovenskog antifašizma. To je bio samo deo procesa nastanka predstave Smrt fašizmu! O Ribarima i Slobodi, čija premijera se očekuje 9. maja.

Antiracionalizam, laž, mržnja i genocid nad Bošnjacima

Author(s): Adib Đozić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 11/2022

Manje više je poznato da su duhovno-kulturni nosioci, inspiratori i ideolozi političkih programa srpskog velikodržavlja: Srpska akademija nauka i umjetnosti (SANU), Udruženje književnika Srbije (UKS) i Srpska pravoslavna crkva (SPC). O utjecaju i ulozi ovih institucija, kroz raznovrsne programske sadržaje koje su izgradile, na rat protiv bosanskohercegovačkog društva i države od 1992.-1995. godine, te zločine genocida nad Bošnjacima, istina, napisan je zavidan broj radova, ali nisu do kraja, na naučno relevantan način, eksplicirani svi segmenti uloge njihovih programskih sadržaja. Također, nauka je utvrdila da su najznačajniji društveni faktori nacionalnih integracija, ne samo kod južnoslavenskih naroda, već uopće: država, kultura i crkva. Kod razvoja srpskog nacionalnog identiteta to je posebno izraženo. Na tim osnovama su i nastali nacionalno-politički, nacionalno-kulturni i nacionalno-crkveni srpski velikodržavni projekti, ne odvojeno jedan od drugog, već naprotiv, čine jedinstvenu strukturu cjeline velikosrpske nacionalne ideologije i prakse. U dosadašnjim radovima o uzrocima genocida nad Bošnjacima, akcentirani su i dosta eksplicitno analizirani utjecaji nacionalno-političkih velikosrpskih programa. Mnogo manje su naučno obrađeni genocidni sadržaji u nacionalno-kulturnim i nacionalno-crkvenim programima srpskog velikodržavlja. Iz tih razloga ovom prilikom analizirat ćemo neke primjere antiracionalizma, laži, mržnje, u nacionalno-kulturnim i nacionalno-crkvenim velikosrpskim programima i njihov utjecaj na zločin genocida nad Bošnjacima ne samo u ratu protiv bosanskohercegovačkog društva i države 1992.-1995. godine već od početka tzv. nacionalno-oslobodilačkih pokreta na južnoslavenskim prostorima.

Antirationalism, Lie, Hatred and the Genocide against Bosniaks

Author(s): Adib Đozić / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

It is more or less known that the spiritual and cultural carriers, inspirers and ideologues of the political programss of the Serbian great state are: the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU), the Association of Writers of Serbia (UKS) and the Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC). On the influence and role of these institutions, through the various program contents they built, on the war against the Bosnian society and state in from 1992 to 1995, and the crimes of genocide against Bosniaks, it is true, an enviable number of papers have been written, but not all segments of the role of their program contents have been fully explained in a scientifically relevant way. Also, science has determined that the most important social factors of national integration, not only in South Slavic peoples, but in general are: state, culture and church. This is particularly pronounced in the development of Serbian national identity. National-political, national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical Serbian greatstate projects were created on those bases, not separately from each other, but on the contrary, they form a unique structure of the entire Great Serbian national ideology and practice. In previous works on the causes of the genocide against Bosniaks, the influences of the national-political Great Serbian programs were emphasized and quite explicitly analyzed. The genocidal content in the national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical programs of the Serbian great state has been scientifically treated much less. For these reasons, on this occasion we will analyze some examples of anti-rationalism, lies, hatred, in the national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical programs of Greater Serbia and their influence on the crime of genocide against Bosniaks, not only in the war against the Bosnian society and state from 1992 to 1995, but since the beginning of the so-called national liberation movements in South Slavic areas.

April u Zagrebu 1941.

Author(s): Vuk Perišić / Language(s): Croatian

Dugo je jedna neugodna epizoda iz Drugog svjetskog rata bila tabu. Za vrijeme socijalističke Jugoslavije bilo je nemoguće vidjeti snimak ulaska Wehrmachta u Zagreb na dan desetog aprila 1941. i bilo je teško naići na opis tog događaja. No, kao i kod svakog tabua znalo se o čemu je riječ, kao što se znalo i zašto je događaj postao tabu. Grad Zagreb je ulazak vojske Trećeg Reicha dočekao s radošću. Tolikom da su i sami Nijemci bili iznenađeni, a po nekim njihovim izvorima nigdje u Evropi takav doček nisu ni doživjeli.

Architectural Ruins ad Cultural Construction After NATO’s Bombing of Yugoslavia

Author(s): Ana Curk / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

The broad intention of this paper was to examine architectural ruins as cultural indicators of one society, and how the importance of certain buildings in collective consciousness can be transformed by the act of destruction, but also by the act of reconstruction. The narrower focus of the research is on the consequences of the NATO bombing of Belgrade in 1999. The cases of three buildings of different political and cultural characters will be analyzed – Ušće Business Center, Radio Television of Serbia headquarters, and the building of Yugoslav Ministry of Defense, with the intention to understand the relationship between their current condition and cultural significance.

Attitudes toward Bosniak Muslims and Kosovar Albanians and historical revisionism in the Serbian media: Reaffirming the Greater Serbia project

Author(s): Ivan Ejub Kostić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

For this paper, we monitored three daily newspapers in Serbia, Politika, Novosti and Informer, for issues of direct relevance to the lives of Balkan Muslims. We identified three dominant topics: 1. Undermining the statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina and (re)affirming the expansionist politics of Serbian nationalism; 2. “Kosovo is the heart of Serbia” and (Kosovar) Albanians are consequently an existential threat; and 3. Ideological treatment of the politics of remembrance and historical revisionism of crimes committed by Serb forces during the 1990s in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo in order to reaffirm the Greater Serbia project.

BACKGROUND AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE CRIMES COMMITTED BY THE ARMY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN THE VILLAGE OF TRUSINA ON APRIL 16, 1993

Author(s): Mijo Beljo,Hrvoje Mandić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The authors analyze events that have occurred in the municipality of Konjic throughout the March and April of 1993. Special emphasis was placed on crimes committed against the Croatian population of that municipality. In the early morning of April 16, 1993, Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) committed a war crime in the northern Herzegovinian village of Trusina, where 22 Croatian civilians and captured Croatian Defence Council (HVO) soldiers were killed. This crime was the result of a previously planned attack by the Army of BiH on the Croatian population and the HVO in the Konjic municipality, which began on April 14, 1993. The main attacking forces of the Army of BiH on the village Trusina on April 16, 1993, were members of the Zulfikar Special Purposes Detachment . They were under the direct command of the Supreme Command Staff (SVC) (i.e., General Staff of the Army of BiH) from their formation to just a few days before the crime in Trusina was committed. They have then become an integral part of the 1st Corps of the Army of BiH based in Sarajevo. As an integral part of the 1st Corps, members of the Zulfikar Special Purposes Detachment became the main perpetrators of a previously planned attack and war crime against the Croatian population of Trusina.

Bahrija Džananović: komandantska hrabrost i požrtvovanost koja zadivljuje, odlučnost koja začuđuje...

Author(s): Samir Nukic / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2020

This is the authorized text of the Farewell Speech given at the commemorative session on the occasion of the death of the Commander of the 212/222 Liberation Brigade, Colonel Bahrija Džananović, held in the Great hall of the Bosnian Cultural Center in Gračanica on the 21st of January 2020. Although it was composed for a specific and sad occasion, the text contains data that is of great importance for the culture of remembrance, our memory of bright characters and important events of the recent past of both Gračanica and the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author of the text is the Chief of staff of the 212/222 Liberation Brigade, retired brigadier.Keywords: Bahrija Džananović, Gračanica, 212 Liberation Brigade, Lukavac.

Balkan i Srednja Evropa u metaforičnom zagrljaju

Author(s): Filip Tesař / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2020

„Central Europe“ and the „The Balkans“ are figurative concepts that entail a large amount of metaphors. Unlike „Central Europe“, a large number of negative mataphors are related to „The Balkans“. An important reason for this are the ethnic conflicts at the beginning and end of the 20th century. The term „Central Europe“, which has been consolidated only since the 1980s, is not burdened in a similar way, although the forced national homogenization, after the Second World War, was carried out in this area as well. The term was further consolidated thanks to the existence of the Visegrad Group, formed in 1992, through which the political unity of Poland, The Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia was strengthened. The Visegrad Group has been supporting the entry of the Western Balkan countries into the EU since 2004, and since then the dependent relationship between „The Western Balkans“ and „Central Europe“ has been developing.