April u Zagrebu 1941.

Author(s): Vuk Perišić / Language(s): Croatian / Publication Year: 2010

Dugo je jedna neugodna epizoda iz Drugog svjetskog rata bila tabu. Za vrijeme socijalističke Jugoslavije bilo je nemoguće vidjeti snimak ulaska Wehrmachta u Zagreb na dan desetog aprila 1941. i bilo je teško naići na opis tog događaja. No, kao i kod svakog tabua znalo se o čemu je riječ, kao što se znalo i zašto je događaj postao tabu. Grad Zagreb je ulazak vojske Trećeg Reicha dočekao s radošću. Tolikom da su i sami Nijemci bili iznenađeni, a po nekim njihovim izvorima nigdje u Evropi takav doček nisu ni doživjeli.

Bahrija Džananović: komandantska hrabrost i požrtvovanost koja zadivljuje, odlučnost koja začuđuje...

Author(s): Samir Nukic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 49/2020

This is the authorized text of the Farewell Speech given at the commemorative session on the occasion of the death of the Commander of the 212/222 Liberation Brigade, Colonel Bahrija Džananović, held in the Great hall of the Bosnian Cultural Center in Gračanica on the 21st of January 2020. Although it was composed for a specific and sad occasion, the text contains data that is of great importance for the culture of remembrance, our memory of bright characters and important events of the recent past of both Gračanica and the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author of the text is the Chief of staff of the 212/222 Liberation Brigade, retired brigadier.Keywords: Bahrija Džananović, Gračanica, 212 Liberation Brigade, Lukavac.

Balkan i Srednja Evropa u metaforičnom zagrljaju

Author(s): Filip Tesař / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 7/2020

„Central Europe“ and the „The Balkans“ are figurative concepts that entail a large amount of metaphors. Unlike „Central Europe“, a large number of negative mataphors are related to „The Balkans“. An important reason for this are the ethnic conflicts at the beginning and end of the 20th century. The term „Central Europe“, which has been consolidated only since the 1980s, is not burdened in a similar way, although the forced national homogenization, after the Second World War, was carried out in this area as well. The term was further consolidated thanks to the existence of the Visegrad Group, formed in 1992, through which the political unity of Poland, The Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia was strengthened. The Visegrad Group has been supporting the entry of the Western Balkan countries into the EU since 2004, and since then the dependent relationship between „The Western Balkans“ and „Central Europe“ has been developing.

BALKAN POSLE DRUGOG SVETSKOG RATA - ZBORNIK RADOVA SA NAUČNOG SKUPA

Author(s): Dragoljub Živojinović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/1996

Nedavno je u izdanju Instituta za savremenu istoriju izašao zbornik radova BALKAN POSLE DRUGOG SVETSKOG RATA (The Balkans After the Second World War). U njemu su sakupljeni radovi saopšteni na naučnom skupu posvećenom 50-godišnjici završetka Drugog svetskog rata. Na stranicama knjige našli su se radovi četrdesetak naučnika iz zemlje i sveta, koji su nastojali da osvetle i objasne pojedina pitanja i time uobliče novu predstavu о Balkanu u proteklim decenijama. Pedeset godina je dovoljno vremena da se prethodna znanja о tom delu Evrope izmene ili prošire novim podacima i viđenjima, kao i otvaranjem novih problema.

BELIĆEVA KNJIGA U ISTORIJSKOJ UPOTREBI ILI NAUČNI DOKAZ О »PRAVU SRPSKOG NARODA NA ODREĐENE OBLASTI«

Author(s): Kosta Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1+2/1992

Knjiga Aleksandra Belića »Srbija i južnoslovensko pitanje« napisana je u Nišu, krajem 1914. godine, dok su trajale ratne operacije na Kolubarskom frontu, a srpska vlada definisala svoje ratne ciljeve. Kako je i sam Belić naglasio, knjiga je nastala kao »plod momentane potrebe« pa je kao takva trebalo da opravda ono što je Srbija želela (ili morala) da učini u ratu. Nastala u okviru delatnosti najuglednijih srpskih naučnika iz različitih oblasti koji su svojim naučnim kredibilitetom trebali da pomognu rad vlade, knjiga sa stanovišta nauke ima određenih manjkavosti, prouzrokovanih ograničenim vremenom i ne potpuno naučnim motivima. Međutim, nju ni ne treba posmatrati u jednom strogo naučnom smislu, već kao plod napora da se utiče na vlade i javnost savezničkih i neutralnih zemalja za prihvatanje rešavanja južnoslovenskog pitanja na način kako je to istaknuto u Niškoj deklaraciji 7. decembra 1914. godine: »Oslobođenje i ujedinjenje sve naše neslobodne braće Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca«.

BETON - Kulturno propagandni komplet br. 23, god. II, Beograd, utorak, 10. jul 2007.

Author(s): Milica Jovanović,Dejan Ognjanović,Branislav Jakovljević,Saša Ćirić,Tomislav Marković / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 2007

MIXER, Milica Jovanović: Tela koja ništa ne znače; CEMENT, Dejan Ognjanović: Da, sjećam se; ARMATURA, Branislav Jakovljević: Kraljevo, Kragujevac... Srebrenica, Saša Ćirić: Kinder jaje; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Tomislav Marković: Ne dirajte mi Kosovo; BULEVAR ZVEZDA, MARKOVIĆ, Mihajlo

Between the preconditions and precipitants: the causes of dissolution of Yugoslavia

Author(s): Mirjana Popara / Language(s): English / Issue: 19/2020

Events from the early 1990s gave a fresh impetus for the scholarly inquiry into the causes of civil wars. The complete breakdown of the political order in Yugoslavia (1991-1995) and civil war in Rwanda (1994) renewed the interest of academics in identifying trends and patterns which precondition escalation of violence. The wider debates on the causes of civil wars usually distinguish between the objective factors such as the demographic structure of the population, type of political system and the level of economic development which make one society vulnerable to the outbreak of violence. Nevertheless, the tendency to analyze the objective reality which precludes the conflict, often means that the role of individuals, political elites and their incentives for waging a war are ruled out from the explanation. This paper adopts the approach that both the preconditions – objective factors and precipitants – triggers and catalysts of the conflict are important in determining its cause. In an attempt to enlighten the factors which contributed to the dissolution of Yugoslavia, this paper firstly aims to identify underlying tensions in Yugoslav society prior to its collapse. Secondly, it analyses the role of individuals in igniting the conflict. Finally, it concludes whether the approaches which emphasize the preconditions or precipitants offer sufficient explanation on the causes of civil war in Yugoslavia.

Beyond Journalism

Author(s): Nick Miller / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/1999

The review of: 1) Tim Judah. The Serbs: History, Myth, and the Destruction of Yugoslavia (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997). 350 pp. 2) Chuck Sudetic. Blood and Vengeance: One Family's Stary of the War in Bosnia (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998). 393 pp.

Bibliografija

Author(s): Zijad Šehić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 36/2007

Bjelovar i Bjelovarsko-bilogorska županija u Domovinskom ratu

Author(s): Davor Marijan / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

This paper tackles the issue of Bjelovar and the Bjelovar–Bilogora County in the Homeland War 1990–1995. The Bjelovar area is inseparable from the western Slavonian region, with its specific demographic structure and a relatively large Serbian ethnic community. The majority of this community did not accept the new Croatian authority; when the time was right, they rose in rebellion. In 1990, Pakrac became the unlucky centre of the aggressive Serbian community, and the Bilogora and Papuk mountains offered very convenient conditions for organising and expanding Serbian mutiny. In the region, there was a considerable concentration of the Yugoslav National Army, especially in Bjelovar, Virovitica and Doljani garrisons. In the dramatic September of 1991, almost the whole of this potential was – with more or less resistance – transferred into Croatian hands, and they consequently played a major role in the War and the establishment of the Croatian Army. In the autumn of 1991, in a decisive defence action, Serbian forces were disabled in the attempt to sever Croatia on the Okučani–Virovitica stretch, which would have resulted in separating Slavonia from the mother country. This defence was of strategic importance, as well as were the liberation operations that followed since the end of October 1991; major areas were thereby restituted as parts of the legal system of the Republic of Croatia. In the period 1992–1995, the region had experienced the effects of the non-efficient mandate of the UN Peacekeeping Forces. The final solution was reached in 1995 on the battlefield, in the operations Bljesak (Flash) and Oluja (Storm); in both of which a part of the units of the Croatian Army and Police Forces from the Bjelovar–Bilogora County were strongly involved. The topic is presented based on the available documents and literature. Between the summer of 1990 and the end of 1992, no regional division was in force; however, Bjelovar was the centre of the Police Administration that had succeeded the earlier regional division of the communities of municipalities; since the autumn of 1991, it was also the Command of the Operational Zone Bjelovar. The author has taken into consideration this organisational aspect as well, as it is of significance for the understanding of the problem area on the whole.

Bjelovarski književni i kulturni prostor (1991. - 2000.) - pjesnički rukopis ratnog i poratnog pisma

Author(s): Ilija Pejić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

In the first part, this study offers a reconstruction of the cultural life of Bjelovar and its surroundings – the Bjelovar literary and cultural circle (Bjelovar, Čazma, Đurđevac, Daruvar, Garešnica, Grubišno Polje) – by presenting portraits of writers, painters, musicians and educators; as well as by exhibitions, concerts, the work of associations and institutions; and a review of the publishing activity (newspapers, magazines, journals, books, monographs, etc.). The war havoc and the transitional deconstruction of the symbolic city capital (heritage, space) caused by globalisation are the two key elements that have formed not only wartime writings, but also the context in (the connection with) which they were created. The second part of the study is a presentation of wartime (1991–1995) and postwar (1996–2000) poetic writings in the Bjelovar literary and cultural circle, incorporated in poems and lyrical writings by numerous authors (V. Bažant, Ž. Sabol, K. Kovrlija, B. Kreštan, S. Frajtić, M. Mađerić, V. Vargović, I. Pejić, B. Jelušić, B. Delić, A. Perše Deškin, M. Vidović, K. Blaha, A. S. Prević, K. Prević, Z. Satrapa, L. Erl Luketa, D. Horvat Zácskai, M. Borovac, etc.). It forms a tribute to a better comprehension of Croatian wartime writings. The emphasis has been put on poetry – the poem and its structure as a humanistic analysis of the indifferent world, the understanding of the meaning of suffering and victim, self-perception and the perception of the other party – the enemy, with strong belief in the good and the victory thereof, as well as on the analysis of heritage and its endurance when facing the forces of destruction (wounded city, wounded land, etc.). The need for the as authentic as possible witnessing of the “severe reality”, wartime events, and memory in general determined the frequency of the genre of autobiographical/memoir literature, and the stylistic specificity of wartime writing as a pronouncedly documentary, factual/descriptive (stating the date and venue of the text), and in tone and directness similar to folk story telling – equally in prose, dramatic, and lyrical texts.

Bolesna vremena

Author(s): Milan Gavrović / Language(s): Croatian / Publication Year: 2016

Moto za ovu knjigu preuzeo sam od »Duhovne republike Zicer«, osnovane u klubu Zicer u Novom Sadu još godine 1992. s ciljem da spriječi mobilizaciju za rat koji se vodio u Hrvatskoj. Jugoslavija je tada već bila raskomadana, bile su prekinute komunikacije između novih država, a sve informacije strogo kontrolirane i cenzurirane. Tako sam za tu »republiku«, koja je bila dio širokog antiratnog pokreta u Vojvodini, doznao tek u ljeto 2014. iz tjednika Novosti, koji je prenio dio teksta iz projeka »Living Together« (Živjeti zajedno), financiranog od Europske unije. Naravno, patetična optužba tog mota nije sasvim pravedna, točnije, ne odnosi se na sve ljude. Nasilje, zločini i laži proizveli su kolektivnu paranoju, a nacionalizam je jedan od njenih najstrašnijih oblika. Osim toga čini se kako je u prirodi čovjeka da kao normalna prihvaća pravila uspostavljena u sredini u kojoj živi, iako se ona ponekad mijenjaju nevjerojatnom brzinom. Dra-matičan primjer je njemačka zdravstvena služba koja je već na početku Hitlerove vladavine, /kao normalni dio brige o zdravlju nacije, prihvatila kastraciju svakog tko je bio proglašen psihičkim bolesnikom. Ponašanje mnogih ljudi kod nas, u proteklih četvrt stoljeća, slijedilo je isti obrazac. Ali za one koji se smatraju mislećim dijelom nacije i koji su imali prilike govoriti, gornji moto ima punu vrijednost. Nije zanemariv ni broj onih koji su toga bili svjesni, a nisu šutjeli, iako su bili izloženi raznim pritiscima i šikaniranjima. Istovremeno su vladari novih država počeli kontrolirati sve medije i javne tribine na kojima su postali dobrodošli samo zagovornici nacionalističke mržnje.

Borbe za Livno u travnju 1992. godine - prilog istraživanju

Author(s): Davor Marijan / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 7/2021

The subject of this paper is the attack of the Yugoslav National Army Knin corpus and Serbian Territorial defence on the municipality of Livno in April 1992. Those were in fact two attacks, the first on 13 April 1992 in direction Glamoč - Livno and the second on 23 April in direction Bosansko Grahovo - Livno. Both attacks were successfully repelled by the crucial help of smaller reinforcements from Croatia. This event was also of strategic importance, because it was one of three successful defences from April 1992 that enabled territorial and political survival of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Despite its significance, archive sources for these fights are very modest and fragmented, because of what there are many unknowns regarding the fights. Thus, this paper is written with the intention to shed light on the event crucial for the course of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and end of war in Croatia in 1994 and 1995.

Borbeno djelovanje Posebne jedinice policije Policijske uprave Bjelovar Omege 1991. godine

Author(s): Jakša Raguž / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

The Special Police Task Force of the Police Administration Bjelovar – Omega – was formed on 23rd February 1991 as the first regional unit of the Special Police Forces in Croatia. It covered the territory between western Slavonia and Podravina. Its commanders were Miralem Alečković and Hamdija Mašinović, and during the War, Omega numbered 302 active and 418 reserve members. The unit carried out its first operation on 2nd March 1991 in Pakrac, and became thereby the first Croatian army unit that was to operate actively in the Homeland War. After a series of interventions in Pakrac, the defence of Glina followed, and the tragic ambush in Sirač, where two members were killed and seven wounded. The next was the tragedy in Kusonje, where the unit attempted to rescue the Bjelovar guardsmen. Battles for Daruvar and Doljani followed, as well as the freeing of Pakrac by breaking out through Kukuljevac. In September, the unit played the crucial role in overtaking the barracks of the Yugoslav National Army in Doljani and Bjelovar. Omega had continued its warpath on the Pakrac–Lipik stretch, where it had carried out as many as nine interventions until the end of 1991. The unit was further one of the crucial success factors in Otkos 10, the Bilogora liberation operation. Omega further participated in the liberation operations Papuk-91 and Alfa. During the Homeland War, six members of the unit were killed, while 43 were wounded.

Boris Begović, Zoran S. Mirković (ur.), Pravni poredak Nezavisne Države Hrvatske

Author(s): Ljubodrag D. Dimić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2019

Boris Begović, Zoran S. Mirković (ur.), Pravni poredak Nezavisne Države Hrvatske, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd 2017, 356.

Bosna i Hercegovina 1992-1995. i međunarodna diplomatija

Author(s): Zijad Šehić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 37/2007

U svom prilogu autor analizira djelovanje međunarodne diplomatije u vezi sa situacijom u Bosni i Hercegovini i tokom rata na tlu Bosne i Hercegovine i razlaže odnos te diplomatije prema njoj kao državi i njenim institucijama. Autor ukazuje na nejedinstvo međunarodne javnosti i politike u tom pogledu i na kompromise koje je ona iznudila da bi ostvarila nešto što jeste stanje mira, ali nije trajno stanje sigurnosti i normalnog života za ljude koji u Bosni i Hercegovini žive.

Bosna i Hercegovina 1992-1995. u njemačkim izvorima i literaturi. Nacrt projekta istraživanja

Author(s): Zijad Šehić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 36/2007

Nakon smrti Josipa Broza 1980. na njemačkom govornom području sa velikom pažnjom praćena su zbivanja u SFR Jugoslaviji. Uglavnom su predstavljena u publicistici, sadržavajući najvećim dijelom futurističke predstave i scenario koji se deceniju kasnije ostvario.

Bosna i Hercegovina u posljednjoj deceniji XX vijeka

Author(s): Enver Redžić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 36/2007

Tema o kojoj ću uvodno govoriti zaslužuje cijelu biblioteku iscrpnih rasprava, studija i monografija kojima će se, sasvim izvjesno, baviti bosanska, evropska i svjetska istorijska nauka u predstojećoj budućnosti. Ona to zaslužuje zbog toga što je u posljednjoj deceniji BiH bila čvorište i ratni poligon protivrječja u bosanskim, evropskim i svjetskim političkim odnosima. Ako se ja ipak opredjeljujem da danas govorim o toj temi, činim to stoga što nalazim da je u ovom desetljeću istorijska nauka svojim ostvarenjima bila izraz njegove realnosti.

Bosnia-Hercegovina and International Justice. Past Failures and Future Solutions

Author(s): Marko Attila Hoare / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2010

Three different international courts have determined that genocide took place in Bosnia-Hercegovina in 1992-1995: the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Yet paradoxically, there has been virtually no punishment of this genocide, while the punishment of lesser war crimes of the Bosnian war has been very limited. The ICTY has convicted only one individual, a lowly deputy corps commander, of a genocide-related offence. The ICJ acquitted Serbia, the state that planned and launched the assault upon Bosnia-Hercegovina in 1992, of genocide and related offences, finding it guilty only of failure to prevent and punish genocide. Although Serb forces were responsible for the overwhelming majority of war crimes, the ICTY prosecution has disproportionately targeted non-Serbs in its indictments and, among Serbs, has disproportionately targeted Bosnian Serbs, with no official of Serbia or Yugoslavia yet convicted of war crimes in Bosnia. This article argues that the meagre results of the international judicial processes vis-à-vis the crimes of the Bosnian war must be sought in the structural failings, poor decision making, and political influences that affected the international courts. It argues that the international courts have failed either to deliver justice to the victims of the war crimes or to promote reconciliation among the peoples of the former Yugoslavia and suggests measures that could be taken to rectify the situation.

Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Crisis of the Post-Cold War International System

Author(s): Mujeeb R. Khan / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/1995

The war in the former Yugoslav republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina has lasted nearly three years and ranks as the bloodiest conflict in Europe since the Second World War. The fighting has threatened not only the stability of the Balkans but also has undermined NATO and the UN and exposed the failure of the European Union's attempts to fashion a coherent and common security and foreign policy. The war has also significantly, and often adversely, involved the interests of the United States, Britain, France, the Russian Federation, and a number of lslamic countries. Finally, while many were expecting the spread of peace and prosperity to follow the end of the cold war, the world has witnessed instead the resurrection of an evil in Europe, which many assumed had been exorcised by the defeat of Nazi Germany. The conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina has involved the deliberate and systematic use of genocide, with its familiar death squads, sealed cattle cars, and concentration camps, against one of Europe's last remaining populations of indigenous Muslims. [...]