CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGNING CYBER-SECURITY SOLUTIONS

Author(s): Adriana Meda Udroiu,Victor Adrian VEVERA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper we aim to analyze the impact of Blockchain technology in the current context of cyber-security, especially in the area of financial transactions. For this, we will first describe the current state of cyber-security and the problems it faces. Because blockchain technology only addresses part of the cyber-security matters, we will explain the response of this technology to each of the domain-specific issues. It is equally well-known that blockchain technology is the basis of many current applications (Bitcoin, Ethereum,Hyperledger Fabric).

More...

THE COALITION’S MILITARY ACTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN FROM „ENDURING FREEDOM” OPERATION TO „RESOLUTE SUPPORT” MISSION

Author(s): Traian Maghercă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In October 2001, the USA armed forces, supported by military units from United Kingdom, began the attack against the members of terrorist organizations located in Afghanistan, as an answer to the 9/11 terrorist actions on the US homeland. This conflict, which seems to be the longest in the modern history, began by military actions in „Enduring Freedom” Operation (OEF), resumed with International Security and Assistance Force (ISAF) operations, and today, after seventeen years, the coalition acts within the „Resolute Support” Mission (RSM). Meanwhile, the coalition’s armed forces have performed all types of military actions from the joint offensive operations, stability and security operations, counterinsurgency operations to training, advisement and assistance actions, all these in order to support the Afghan security forces to achieve the proper training level and to ensure a stable security environment in the Afghanistan territory.

More...

THE 4th REVOLUTION AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON CONFLICTS

Author(s): Claudiu Marius Ionescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

With each passing year, we become increasingly dependent on technology, the digital revolution is moving at astonishing speeds, and millions of specialists are proposing new solutions with a rhythm that increases from year to year. The old generation is adapting with difficulty to the new digital society. Mankind is interconnected more and more through the Internet. Human society is changing at a faster pace than ever before. The Battle Theater moves into the virtual space, the battles are gaining the attention of the connected people and the accumulation of Big Data, and the main technological states are preparing to occupy celestial bodies in the vicinity of the Earth.

More...

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANISMS INTENDED FOR CIVIL PROTECTION MISSIONS IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Florin Laurentiu Giusca,Eduard Paul Petrescul / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The fundamental right to a healthy environment imposes civil protection duties on the protection of people against the effects of disasters and armed conflicts, this right being corroborated with the right to public health. Law no. 481/2004 defines civil protection, establishes the principles underlying the organization and conduct of civil protection activities, the attributions and organization of civil protection, the rights and obligations of citizens, as well as the responsibilities of various bodies, public and private, in the field of civil protection. It also establishes ways of preparing for civil protection, measures to protect the food security of the population Ministries, autonomous public authorities and other specialized bodies of the central public administration elaborate plans and programs for the implementation of civil protection measures, ensure the management and management of the situations of urgency, providing the necessary resources for interventions and participating in the work of emergency committees. The Ministries, the Autonomous Public Authorities and the other specialized bodies of the central public administration draw up plans and programs for the implementation of civil protection measures, ensure the management and management of emergencies, ensure the necessary resources for interventions and participate in the work of emergency committees. civil protection are areas specially designed for protection in specific situations, designed, executed, equipped, equipped and authorized according to the norms and technical instructions elaborated by the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations and approved by the Minister of Internal Affairs.

More...

COMMUNITY POLICIES – A POSSIBLE VECTOR OF ROMANIAN NATIONAL SECURITY

Author(s): Otilia Caraza (Lehaci) / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The international environment, although stabilized for quite a while in the area of multi-polarity, from the point of view of overall characteristics, continues to be a fluid environment, strongly influenced by the political agenda and the external actions of the significant actors. Moreover, the current context is still marked by essential uncertainties regarding the future likelihood of a major war, of its costs and potential of escalation. At the same time, these uncertainties suggest potential opportunities for community states to reduce the most serious disparities through community measures and policies meant to build trust, to increase resilience and promote agreements of inter-institutional cooperation and to thus prevent the potential employment of the most unstable military capabilities or potentially aggressive technologies. In a chaotic, yet highly connected, world, a long-term perspective upon community policies demands that we ask ourselves difficult questions regarding the actions and choices made today that are bound to have serious consequences in the next decades.

More...

MONEY LAUNDERING. TOPIC OF THE FINANCIAL-BANKING SYSTEM

Author(s): Florin Laurentiu Giusca,Eduard Paul Petrescul / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Transparency and the health of financial markets are key elements in the efficient functioning of savings, but they can be jeopardized by money laundering. Obtaining "black money", mainly from the underground economy and corruption, is generally a unanimously condemned activity in all countries of the world, but the process of recycling funds, due to the harmless look that they can get, harsh competition on the international capital market

More...

A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO STRATEGIC CULTURES OF CHINA AND INDIA TOWARDS SOUTH ASIA: ORIGINS, MANIFESTATIONS, AND IMPACT ON REGIONAL SECURITY

Author(s): Shakaib RAFIQUE / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The notion of strategic culture has gained pivotal significance in terms of foreignpolicy behaviors of Nation States today. This concept, coined by Jack Snyder, stands at the coreof comprehending the nature of inter-state relations and therefore serves as the crux of theforeign policy behaviors of modern Nation States. The notion of strategic culture hasconstructivist roots on one side, while on the other side it serves a blow to the ‘rational choicetheory’ as well. This paper is essentially aimed at employing the constructivist approach forunderstanding the constitutive elements of the strategic cultures of China and India towardsSouth Asia. This paper establishes that the roots of the strategic cultures of China and Indiatowards South Asia are essentially premised on their peculiar historical experiences,ideologies, notions and beliefs of their leadership towards the region. Furthermore, thestrategic cultures of both these countries are also guided by the “We” vs. “Others” notionsthat form the central core of a constructivist paradigm. The paper then argues that it is owingto the above characteristics that the strategic cultures of China and India differ so much fromeach other.

More...

EXTREMISM AND RADICALISM – CHALLENGES FOR THE EUROPEAN SECURITY

Author(s): Teodor Badiu,Daniel-Mihai DUȚU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The development of industries and the emergence of globalization have led to the alteration of the physical boundaries of the states, and the geographical proximity has given rise to the desire of each individual to have a different identity than others, desire that led to the emergence of radical and extremist ideologies and movements. These differ according to factors that cause individuals to radicalize, but also depending on the purposes of these movements. Thus, the international society faces many radical movements, such as radical Islamism, revolutionary nationalism and extreme populism, resulting in the accession of extremist groups in national and international leadership structures. Today we are talking about mass radicalization representing a real threat to international and human security that generalized especially since 9/11.This paper aims to analyze the causes and modes of manifestation of extremist ideologies,focusing on radicalization models and on the impact that these ideologies and movements have on both international and individual levels

More...

ON STRATEGY IN HYBRID WARFARE

Author(s): Dan Lucian PETRESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Hybrid warfare is one of the most complex issues regarding the security of actors in the world, at the beginning of the 21st century. Each hybrid threat has a configuration which corresponds to a strategic model that underpins the manifestation of the threat – the hybrid aggression – carried out by an aggressor against a target, usually a state actor. The latter has to develop a system in a “whole-of-government” approach, corresponding to its own characteristics, integrated into that of the partners and adapted to the configuration of the hybrid threat that may be conducted against it, which allows the target to survive and counteract it, meaning to detect and prevent the threat, to manifest resilience against the aggression and to respond accordingly. The hybrid threat countering system must implement a coherent strategy, which uses all instruments of power in actions carried out across all are as that define the state actor to achieve all national security goals and to meet the purpose for which it was created.

More...

THEORIES ON HYBRID THREAT AND HYBRID WAR. DEVELOPMENTS IN MILITARY THINKING

Author(s): Costinel Nicolae MAREȘI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Suggesting a short citation of Marcus Luttrell, one of the American heroes of Asadabad, Afghanistan 2005, we can say that the war is not only black and white, it can also be gray, and the one who refuses to fight in the gray zone may lose the fight. This is the simplistic description, but it is a realistic way of conducting the contemporary war.In practice, the hybrid war existed, some said, just before being theorized, but this fundamental feature has gained new strengths in the contemporaneity, through the massive integration of aggressive means belonging to other plans than the military one. The theories regarding the hybrid war were accepted and granted by the schools of military thinking thanks to the efforts of experienced military personnel that fought in the conflict zones after the Cold War, the academic environment in the field of military sciences and the military organizations/ military entities that develop and apply military doctrines.

More...

NATO-EU STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR COUNTERING HYBRID THREATS

Author(s): Costinel Nicolae MAREȘI / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The start of NATO-EU strategic partnership in countering hybrid threats was marked on July 8, 2016. At the NATO summit in Warsaw the president of the European Council Donald Tusk, the president of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker and NATO secretary general Jens Stoltenberg signed a joint statement on EU-NATO cooperation in the field of defense and security. The discussions held by both parties at this summit aimed at starting joint projects against a common adversary, the 21st century hybrid threats. The general opinion was for increasing the ability to counter hybrid threats by strengthening resilience, by exchanging timely information and partnerships between intelligence departments, for building a strategic communication coordinated between both parties, as well as for having corresponding and coordinated military exercises built on countering hybrid threat scenario.

More...

NUCLEAR DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN JOINT MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS

Author(s): Alexandru Herciu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We are witnessing these days an unprecedented harsh controversy over the development of nuclear capabilities as a result of the failure of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. The brawls are more complicated than that, in the sense that there are many concerns for the development of combat components with nuclear warheads with tactical, operational, and strategic use. The main objective of the paper is to address issues related to the management of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) information in the operation of multinational joint forces that possess nuclear capabilities or operate in nuclear environment. Considering that the use of nuclear weapons at the right time can create favorable conditions for achieving decisive results in the dynamics of military operations, the lethal consequences of their use can significantly influence military operations and increase the complexity of the battlefield. Under these circumstances, allied forces must be able to perform all types of operations in such a complex environment.

More...

SEA CONTROL – AN ESSENTIAL TASK FOR NAVAL FORCES

Author(s): Valentin – Marian TOMA,Ion Chiorcea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Sea control is designed to secure a given part of the sea and control the sea lines of communications for a specific purpose, which essentially means that one side possesses superiority over its enemy, and interrupts or cuts off the enemy’s sea lines of communication without major opposition from the enemy. It means that the enemy does not have a significant capability to interfere with the stronger side. Controls of a specific sea area require strong naval forces which is able to achieve a substantial degree of control of surface, air and subsurface. Sea control can be strategic, operational, and tactical; it depends on the dimension of the maritime domain where the sea control concept is applied. The structure and the capabilities of naval forces are essential for maintaining sea control for a period of time. By obtaining sea control in a specific maritime area, the stronger side can exert a strong political,diplomatic and military influence on the events.

More...

ETHICAL-MORAL PRINCIPLES CURRENTLY USED IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Author(s): Daniel Cocolici / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The current international system bases its moral fundamentals on principles developed along the centuries with major contribution from theorists associated to the Western and Christian culture.The Just war theory, a term that encompasses generally agreed moral and ethic principles on how to declare, conduct and conclude a war, is a collective effort of theorists who contributed decisively to the blueprints of the UN Charter and are strongly reflected in the Geneva Conventions provisions. Both documents are fundamental in regulating the way the relationship between states are currently shaped.This status quo allows advanced democratic states to engage, either using the framework provided by the military alliances, the already established security organizations or the ad-hoc coalitions, throughout the full spectrum of military operations in support of peace, subject to moral justification of their military action.However, recent transformation on the nature of war, technological developments and the emergence of new non-state actors on the international stage are challenging the existing paradigm.

More...

MILITARY MEANS AND METHODS OF UNDERMINING USED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Author(s): Marius Titi Potîrniche / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper presents some of the military means and methods, used by the Russian Federation to undermine some targeted states, with reference to increasing its geopolitical ambitions while trying to become an important center of power in a multi-polar world and reduce the US influence in Europe and Asia. Controlling the states in the immediate proximity of its borders has always represented for Russia an objective of utmost importance in terms of physical security. Russia considers that its geographical position may generate some vulnerabilities, being therefore entitled to appeal to a combination of arrangements, pressure,grants and diverse sanctions. All these generate a change in the way of promoting national security interests, as well as and the art of waging and conduct war.

More...

THE SOCIAL-IDENTITARY PARTICULARITY OF THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF WAR, THE VULNERABILITIES OF THE EUROPEAN ETHOS AND THE ETIOLOGY OF THE AGGRESSIVENESS MANIFESTED IN THE IMPACT AREA OF RELIGIOUS MILITANCY

Author(s): Lucian Grigore / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The reconfiguration of geostrategic games, the resurrection of extremist nationalism,the ethnic and religious fragmentation, the ideological radicalization and the emergence of terrorist groups stimulated by the amplitude of the Islamic radicalization at a European level are challenges that must be integrated to a more comprehensive strategic vision. The assessment of the European security environment, characterized by its complexity and dynamism, leads to a higher level of understanding of the relationships that are made between the social, cultural, political and military factors involved. In this paper we point out the conflictual potential settled in the dynamics of fundamentalist ideologies engaged in the fight for the defense of religious principles, at the intersection between different cultures and traditions. The hypothesis on the basis of which we initiated this approach refers to the fact that in the operation areas of certain motivations that are confined to conflictuality, together with other instability factors, the religious radicalism interferes as source of threat to peace. There search is oriented towards the analysis of the etiology of aggression manifested in the impact area of religious activism.

More...

NATO’S REPOSITIONING AFTER THE 2014 RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT

Author(s): Violeta NICOLESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The hereby paper elaborates on the North-Atlantic Alliance’s response to the Russian Federation’s aggressive actions against Ukraine in 2014, going through the main steps that the Allies have chronologically taken in order to enhance deterrence and defence, in what was a completely new relation with the Russian Federation, once a partner of NATO.Generally explaining the measures on deterrence and defence, the paper also approaches in a more detailed manner the Allied decisions dedicated to the Northern and the Southern segments of the Eastern border, so as to arrive to the conclusion that, be it the Baltic states, Poland, Romania or Bulgaria, they are all facing the same security threat and measures must be seen in a coherent and unitary approach. Debating on Russia’s main reason for its actions in the region, the hereby paper will conclude on the necessity for NATO to have a clear strategy on Russia’s assertive actions on the Eastern border.

More...

IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION OF STATEHOOD AND THE IMAGE OF THE ADVERSARY IN THE DE FACTO STATES ABKHAZIA AND SOUTH OSSETIA

Author(s): Elena ONU (TUDOR) / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to analyze the modus operandi of the "secessionist vocal regimes"in South Ossetia and Abkhazia and the stages of state identity building and the image of the adversary. Based on the Theory of the Regional Security Complex (RSCT/ Barry Buzan) and the Theory of Linkage and Leverage (Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way) and analyzing the rhetoric of senior officials in the European Union, the Russian Federation and NATO, the paper attempts to throw a shed light on how domestic and foreign political actors influenced or supported the evolution of unresolved conflicts in the Republic of Georgia.

More...

THE POLITICAL PROGRAM OF PRESIDENT VOLODYMYR ZELENSKY. HIS POSITION TOWARDS CRIMEA AND SELF-PROCLAIMED REPUBLICS DONETK AND LUGANSK

Author(s): Elena ONU (TUDOR) / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The victory in the election for Ukrainian President of Comedy Actor, Volodymyr Zelensky, was considered a new political beginning for this country facing an open conflict in the eastern regions, carried by pro-Russian separatists, but also with the loss Crimea following the illegal annexation by the Russian Federation.The paper proposes an analysis of the political course of the current leader in Kiev, focusing on the political and oligarchic entities that supported his accession to the supreme function in the state, but also the importance he attaches to the recovery of Crimea, the settlement of the conflict in the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics and the new separatist tendencies in Transcarpathia. It also aims to establish the position adopted by the North Atlantic Alliance,the US, the EU and the Russian Federation both towards Kiev and the separatist elements in this country.

More...

UKRAINE TO BOOST ITS DEFENCE AGAINST RUSSIA

Author(s): Jan-Florin GANEA,Robert-Mihai Poenaru / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The new conflicts that are arising at international level tend not to fall within the sphere of traditional conflicts which humanity saw in the last century, and in our opinion cannot be resolved through actions such as peace treaties, peacekeeping operations or ceasefire conventions. The new clashes are conducted through hybrid actions. Such a conflict has been going on in Ukraine since 2014. The reasons for its outburst and the main actions taken at international level to resolve this conflict will be discussed in this article.

More...