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18. Yy.’Da Macaristan’da İstinsah Edilen Sırpça Dini Eserdeki Türkçe Sözcükler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Abidin Karasu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 36/2017

Jovan Kenejevic, who was a clergyman in Rats Titos in Baran region of Hungary, has copied the religious work “Pravila Svyatim Ili Sobraniye” (Правила свјатим или Собраније) in 1800 to be used in church service. This 372 page book is written in Rusko-slovenski (Kilisi Slavic) in Cyrillic letters. Knejevic has mentioned 606 Turkish words in the first four pages of this handwritten work and has made this note over the top line: “We cannot communicate in our daily lives without the Turkish words that are presented here.” ( Зде назначаются турске речи кое ми употребляемь и без нихъ говорим не умъемъ). This note of Parson Knejevic shows the existence of Turkish in Baran region of Hungary in 18th century. Information about this manuscript is provided in the research. Turkish words that were written in Cyrillic letters are translated into Latin letters, their meanings in the Turkish of Turkey are included and they are thematically categorized. As a result of this study, the aim has been to shed a light on the extent of the Turkish sphere of influence in 18th century Hungarian territory.

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6. Sınıf Türkçe Kitabının Söz Varlığı Görünümü ve Derleme Dayalı Etkinlik Önerileri

Author(s): Özlem Kurtoglu Zorlu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this study is to identify whether the 6th Grade Turkish texbook and workbook meet the criteria suggested by Güneyli (2011) and to create vocabulary exercises using corpus data. This study, the method of which is a descriptive survey model, reveals that these books are appropriate in terms of using Turkish vocabulary, cognitive and language development level, regarding the frequency of use of words, concreteness, connotation of words, expediency, including different methods-techniques, tools and activities. However, they aren’t appropriate in terms of basic concepts, imagery and activities of pragmatic analysis. Furthermore, some activities can be improved to meet the criteria of vocabulary teaching and analysis.

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A HISTORICAL MORPHOLOGY OF WESTERN KARAIM: THE -p edi- PAST TENSE IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN DIALECT

Author(s): Michal Németh / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The present paper describes the -p edi- past tense in Western Karaim – the first such attempt made in the available scholarly literature. It is important to note that the paper is based not only on philological data collected from manuscripts from the 18th–20th centuries, but also on field research conducted by the late Polish Turcologist, Józef Sulimowicz (1913–1973). His linguistic informants were Karaims from Halych.

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A MEMORANDUM ABOUT THE KING OF THE ON UYGUR AND HIS REALM

Author(s): Zhang Tieshan,Peter Zieme / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

The fragment we are editing here for the first time is a specimen of a new genre of Old Uygur literature. It is a memorandum or an account on the early years of the West Uygur Kingdom of Qočo. The leaf is the 22nd of an ötüg that contains a vivid text changing between prose and verse reflecting the literary heritage of the Old Uygurs. Supposing that the work was written during the Yuan period (13th to 14th centuries) we have to admit that it is an ambitious work of historical retelling political, military, and cultural events that took place at least two centuries before. Since the 62 lines are completely preserved, this text presents a new valuable source for further studies on Old Uygur.

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A MYSTERIOUS ANIMAL CALLED AL-WARK

Author(s): Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

The paper examines the mysterious term al-wark, which – according to Maḥmūd of Kāşğarī (11th century AD) – denotes a small animal similar to a badger (Turk. borsmuk) in the Xakani language. This animal was treated as a symbol of fatness. It is suggested that the term in question was borrowed from a Tocharian source. The Indo-European term *wṛḱos (m.) ‘badger’ (originally ‘fat animal’, cf. Hittite warkant- adj. ‘fat’) is reconstructed on the basis of Indic, Greek and Anatolian lexical data.

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A new fragment of the Altun Yaruk in old Uigur from Tuyuk

Author(s): Zhang Tieshan / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

The fragment we are publishing here is preserved in the Academia Turfanica. It belongs to the second chapter of the first volume of the Altun Yaruk Sudur in old Uigur. There are some words that are apparently different from the other version(s) of the text.

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Abschied vom Alttürkischen Witwenkleid

Author(s): Peter Zieme / Language(s): German / Issue: 3/2008

This article discusses the mysterious Old Turkic word tulton in the Manichaean story of a drunken man who had sexual intercourse in a tomb with the dead corpse of a woman. This hapax was interpreted as a compound of tul “widow” and ton “dress”. The new interpretation of another Manichaean text in which the same word appears clearly shows that the word in question has to be read tultun or toltun with the meaning “grove”.

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Additive Enclitic Suffix -Da In Turkish As A Cohesive Device

Author(s): Dönercan Dönük / Language(s): English / Issue: 130/2005

This study aims to throw light upon the focusing and continuative functions of-dA at the intersentential and intrasentential level focusing on the study by Kerslake (1992).

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Agreement, case and licensing: Evidence from Tatar

Author(s): Ekaterina A. Lyutikova / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2017

The paper presents a study of case assignment and agreement phenomena in Tatar. Although these processes overlap to the great extent, I argue that they are brought about by two distinct mechanisms. Case can be viewed as a morphological exponent of Vergnaud-licensing — structural licensing of argument DPs by governing heads. Person-number agreement in Tatar is a morphological reflex of a separate process, person licensing, that applies to 1st / 2nd person pronouns exclusively. The only structural configuration where 3rd person nominals can enter into agreement relation is a subject-predicate configuration where number agreement is available. This asymmetry reflects the contrast of obligatory licensers, which every finite clause contains, and secondary licensers, which are merged only when needed for convergence. The data presented in this paper provide a strong evidence for divorcing agreement from structural licensing, but against elimination of syntactic case from the system of licensing conditions governing well-formedness of syntactic representations.

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ALANKAY BATIR DESTANINDA İKİLEMELER

Author(s): Tugçe Nur Kesin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 42/2018

Hendiadyoins, are met atf-ı tefsiri, word twins, name with dilemma and repeat the context of phrases in the Turkey Turkish used as purpose for the expression strenght to increase, meaning to intensify, notion to wealthy. In the Kazakh Turkish, the handiadyoins which are met with the terms of qos söz or qosarlama have important place in Turkish language studies. In this study, the live content of the 20th century Kazak literature was identified and classified as the handiadyoins in Alankay Batır Epic, and it was aimed to contribute to the study of the Turkish language in a whole.

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ALTAY DİLLERİNDE EDİLGENLİK EKİ

Author(s): M. Selda Karaslar / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 18/2015

The Altaist conducted a lot of researches on Altaic languages. To investigate the relationship between the Altaic languages they have established many phonological and morphological correlations. As a result of these researches, both positive and negative views on the relationship of the Altaic languages has been determined. Although there are many studies on the morphology of the Altaic languages studies on passivity suffix is limited. These studies on passivity suffix are conducted by Ramstedt, Poppe, Benzing, Gronbech, Clauson, Talat Tekin, Han-Woo Choi. The paper includes studies on the passivity suffix of the Altaic languages and depending on these studies, the situation of passivity suffix of the Altaic languages is analyzed. Furthermore, the development of passivity suffix in the old and today Turkish languages is tried to be proved with the help of some examples. As a result of the research, passivity suffix is proved mostly as voice suffix in old and today Turkish language. In Mongolian, Manchu-Tungusic and Japanese passive sentences are made with different suffixes but in Korean language voice of /-l-/ can make a passive meaning to the sentence.

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ALTAY TÜRKÇESİNİN AYIRT EDİCİ SES BİLGİSİ ÖZELLİKLERİ

Author(s): Abdullah Elcan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 35/2017

Altai Turkish is the literary language of the Altai Turks living in the Altai Republic and the Altai Kray of the Russian Federation in the South Siberia Region. The phonetic features of Altai Turkish are suitable for the phonetic features of General Turkish. However, some differences have emerged for a variety of in-language and non-language factors. The fact that Altai Turkish became a written language in a relatively short time has resulted in the continuation of the standardization process; some elements of the spoken language occasionally passed on to the written language, thus creating binary forms in Altai Turkish's phonetics. In this study, the distinctive features of the phonetics distinguishing Altai Turkish from Turkey Turkish will be examined under two main headings as synchronic and diachronic phonetics.

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An Enigmatic Turkic Planet Name

Author(s): Imre Gyarmati / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

The author gives a philological background of the enigmatic Chagatai planet name Saqït (sic!) ~ Sekit 'Mars', which goes back to the planet name Sevit 'Venus' in Qutadyu Bilig. The noun Saqït has a clerical error, which can be connected with the punctuation put above the "qaf" letter with three dots in the text of the QB, written with Arabic alphabet. The planet name of Rabyuzi stands for another planet, because Rabyuzi did not know well the Turkic starry sky. Further the author demonstrates the forms Saqïq (sic!) 'Venus' (in Rabyuzi and Šejx Sulejman efendi's Dictionary) and Turkish Sakit 'Mars'.

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AN OLD UYGHUR FRAGMENT OF THE LOTUS SŪTRA FROM THE KROTKOV COLLECTION IN ST. PETERSBURG

Author(s): Abdurishid Yakup / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2011

This paper presents an edition of a newly identified Old Uyghur fragment of the Lotus Sūtra from the Krotkov collection in the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The text mainly explains the merit of preaching, reciting and hearing the Lotus Sūtra through three parables, claiming that the text is from the nom čäčäki sudur ‘Law-Flower-Sūtra’, the Old Uyghur title of the Lotus Sūtra. However, there is no identical passage in the known Chinese translations of the Lotus Sūtra. Presumably, the Old Uyghur text is a unique composition by Uyghurs, though one cannot exclude the possibility that the Old Uyghur text might also be a translation of an unknown Chinese text of similar content.

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ANLAM DEĞİŞMELERİ VE KULLANIM ALANLARI YÖNÜNDEN TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE TUZ

Author(s): Osman Esin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 31/2017

Salt is a vital substance in terms of human health and has quite a wide usage area. The word “salt” is used in the form of “salt” in general, although sometimes it can occur in different forms phonetically and morphologically in the historical and contemporary Turkish dialects. Salt, which is a flavoring substance and believed to play an active role in creation, has been considered a precious and holy substance and a rich sense of meaning has formed around it. Initially describing a single concept, the word has gradually gained new meanings and reflected multiple concepts due to the changes and people’s spiritual moods in the social life. Apart from its actual meaning, “salt” has also metaphorical meanings such as “beautiful, beauty, dear and charming”. Furthermore, the word has been included in manners of speaking such as idioms and proverbs and used to facilitate reflecting the lifestyles, worldviews, traditions, customs and beliefs in the Turkish society. There is no doubt that a language can survive and continue its existence only by finding counterparts for new concepts. New words are derived as a result of the need for them. The unique nature of each society’s lifestyle is a decisive factor in meeting this requirement. Expansion in the sense of the word “salt” also brought forward the necessity for new words. In this respect, many words derived from the stem “salt” were added to Turkish and the new concepts or objects that fall into the meaning of “salt” were represented by its derivatives. This article focuses on the changes in the meaning and usage of “salt” and aims to express the richness added by it to the lexicon of Turkish.

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Anlam Değiştirme Aracı Olarak Olumsuzluk Eki –mA

Author(s): Erkan Hirik / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 44/2015

Negation is an area which has different aspects. Therefore, it has an interdisciplinary feature, related to philosophy, psychology and linguistics. In addition to this, negation has also different aspects in linguistics. Negation, which is related to morphology, semantics and syntax, is analysed in different ways by linguists. All of the languages has negation marker/s. The standard negation marker in Turkish is –mA. The question, under which suffix category should this suffix be analysed, is dealt with in different ways by linguists. In this article it is demonstrated how the standard negation marker –mA, which is added to another verb, transforms it. By this way, Semantic change methods of –mA are exposed. All these are indicated as evidences of why the negation suffix –mA should be considered as derivational suffixes.

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Application Of Translation Rubrics In Literary Translation Classes

Author(s): Özlem Sahin Soy / Language(s): Turkish,English / Issue: 1/2017

Literary translation, although under different titles, is included in the curricula of most of the education institutions that have Translation studies departments. Assessing the competence of the students in literary translation classes is generally done through codes of practice since most of the rubrics on translation focus on issues such as grasp of information, ease of translation, use of language, grammar rules etc. Apart from this, literary evaluation requires a deeper assessment for each genre depending on its specific properties of form and content. This paper aims to discuss the use of translation assessment rubrics for literary translation courses and investigate whether a more improved style for each genre of literature can be proposed for this purpose. To this end, general approaches to assessment of translation competence and rubrics offered by different institutions are surveyed and their applicability to literary translation courses discussed. In the end, a comprehensive rubric for literary translation courses will be presented.

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ARABIZMI U BOSANSKOM JEZIKU I ZNAČAJ NJIHOVOG POZNAVANJA U NASTAVI ARAPSKOG JEZIKA

Author(s): Hajrudin Hodžic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 4/2011

Arabism is words of Arabic origin, which has been transmitted through the Turkish language and established itself in the Bosnian language. Arabism is often studied under the name of Turkish loanword, since it arrived in the Bosnian language through Turkish language, and is routinely considered to be of Turkish origin, although this term includes not only the words of Turkish, but also words from Arabic and Persian languages. The aim of this work is to present Arabism in Bosnian language: defining the concept of Arabism, and the differences between Arabism and Turkish words, an explanation how Arabism came to our region and how many Arabism can be found in our language. The paper referred to the phonetic and semantic changes that have occurred during their entry into the Bosnian language, stating the practical examples of Arabism in our language.

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ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ’NE ÖĞRENİM GÖRMEK İÇİN GELEN YABANCI ÖĞRENCİLERİN TÜRKÇE ÖĞRENİRKEN KARŞILAŞTIĞI SORUNLAR

Author(s): Mutlu Melis Özgeris / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 9/2017

Foreign students encounter with various problems and difficulties when they want to learn Turkish. These problems may be indirectly caused by environmental conditions as well as the structural differences of Turkish. The biggest problem in foreign language learning is perhaps the inability to find any possibility to practice languages that are being learned. The best way of learning is possible with the practical implementation by going to the place in which the language is spoken. This provides more effective and long-lasting learning. The number of people who want to learn Turkish increases as our country has been the focus of interest in recent years. Many students have been coming to Turkey from different parts of the world for various reasons. Thus, it is necessary for them to learn Turkish in their orientation process. For that purpose, Turkish courses in universities and Turkish training centres have been established under different names. The first and the biggest problem of the students who do not speak Turkish is the syntactic, structural and audial differences between Turkish and their native language which belongs to different language family. While they are trying to produce Turkish structures they usually fail by being unable to transfer from their mother tongue. In addition to the problems that are caused by the structure of Turkish language and its semantics, some other problems may also occur that will affect and disrupt the language learning process. These problems may originate from lecturers, course materials, training environment, and language teaching institutions, or even from the students themselves and the environment. In this study, a survey has been applied to the foreign students coming to study at Atatürk University and we have tried to make determinations by looking through the eyes of the students who have difficulties in learning Turkish, while making suggestions to avoid these problems.

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Atatürk; Dil, Türk Dili Ve Yabancı Dil

Author(s): Mustafa Zülküf Altan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 122/2003

Although Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's thoughts about language in general and specifically about the Turkish language are dealt with in detail in many studies, despite all efforts, it was unable to find a compact study which includes his thoughts about foreign languages, what languages he spoke and how he made use of these languages. This article focuses on a) His widely known thoughts about language in general and specifically about the Turkish language, which are sometimes perceived very ethnocentric in some sources should not be perceived ethnocentric at all; b) What languages he studied and which of them he used effectively; and c) How learning a foreign language at an early age affected his philosophy and his life in general.

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