Република Србија као вишенационална и вишеконфесионална држава

Author(s): Darko Tanasković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2011

Serbia, which is one of the founders of Yugoslavia, went, during the 1990-s of the last century, along with the other Yugoslav republics and nationalities, through the trials and tribulations of the disintegration of the federal state which was followed by social and political upheavals, as well as civil war fighting between the ethnic groups. Even though they aimed to keep Yugoslavia together, the Serbian people and its political elite were declared the main culprits of its breakup and the cause of the war tragedy that ensued. As an independent state, Serbia, in post-communist conditions, aspires to harmonize the principles of democracy, human, civil and all other rights with the reality of its multi-national and multi-confessional composition. The contradictions are still very considerable, while the system still doesn’t operate in a satisfactory manner, but there have been very significant progress in the task of rationalizing the political spectrum. The social and political trends in Serbia will in a very critical way depend on the open perspective and the pace by which it is admitted to the EU.

Република Српска: двадесет година борбе за опстанак

Author(s): Momčilo Subotić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

In this work author deals with the newest period in political life of Republic of Srpska. At the same time, he considers original provisions of the Dayton treaty, which officials of RS in defense of their entity refer to, as well as “creative” application, i.e. ruthless violation of the “Dayton” by international representatives, with invitation to make “functional” state of Bosnian, which heats up unrealistic aspirations of Bosnians (and partly Croats) to establish a “civil” and “comprehensive” Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author pays special attention to the fact that the RS was created before the Dayton, and that in Dayton her international - legal personality was only confirmed, therefore, the RS is a subject of international law, part of a treaty, which its opponents repeatedly ignored and overlooked. For that reason, text deals with problems between “words” and “spirit” of Dayton, then Butmir negotiation, problem of the third Croatian entity, special connections between RS and Serbia, then phenomenon of Muslim/Bosnian identification with Bosnia and Herzegovina and finally state and perspectives of Republic of Srpska.

РЕЦЕПЦИЈА ДРЖАВНОГ ПРАЗНИКА:ШТА СМО ПРОСЛАВЉАЊЕМ СРЕТЕЊА - ДАНА ДРЖАВНОСТИ ПОКАЗАЛИ СВЕТУ?

Author(s): Senka Kovač / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2020

The first part of this paper describes the ideas of the members of the Serbian Government commission assembled in 2001 in order to create a proposal of the new State holiday at the begging of the new millennia, which has seen major political changes in the country. One of the ideas brought forward by the committee members was to make the new State holiday acceptable to united Europe. This paper analyses the attitudes of the informants – what did we express to the world by celebrating Sretenje – Statehood day – on the sample of 604 of respondents. The research data was collected in three stages: between 2004 and 2007, between 2008 and 2011, and between 2018 and 2020. The aim of the analysis is to reveal whether the ideas of the transmitters of the messages have reached their goal

Рецепция украинофильских идей в отечественной периодической печати первой половины 60-х годов ХIХ века: демократическое и охранительное направления

Author(s): E.R. Rachev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2021

The article discusses how Russian periodicals responded to the Ukrainophilic views that were widely supported by Russian society during the early 1860s. The writers from the bilingual magazine “Osnova” (‘Basis’), particularly N.I. Kostomarov and P.A. Kulish, actively contributed to the achievements of the first generation of Ukrainophiles. The latter elaborated and presented their program aimed to preserve the Little Russia culture. The results of the analysis of the periodical sources show that the printed media of the period under study had polarized views on the national identity of Little Russia and divided into two factions: the democratic and protective ones. The democratic approach was led by the magazines “Sovremennik” (‘The Contemporary’) and “Otechestvennye Zapiski” (‘Annals of the Fatherland’) that considered the new provincial movement as the beginning of Narodism. The key supporters of the protective approach were the newspaper “Den’” (‘The Day’) and the magazine “Russkii Vestnik” (‘The Russian Bulletin’) that criticized the Ukrainian legacy adherents for separating the Russian nationalities. The stages of the evolution of the Russian periodicals’ attitude to Ukrainophiles were singled out. The main factors that influenced it were revealed. The consequences of the short-term prevalence of the Ukrainian “selfhood” ideology among publicists of the Russian Empire and its influence on the subsequent development of the Ukrainophilia movement were summarized.

Ризично друштво и аморални морализам

Author(s): Radica Nedeljković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

The modern world is the world of change. Modernity changed all aspects of life in width and depth. The changes are so fast and so many people have impression that they are trapped in a multitude of events that they cannot understand nor control. Instead of society as a system, we are talking about society as a network of different relationships of individuals and social groups. Instead of a harmonious society as a space in which the man resides, developing their potential and needs, we are talking about society as a threatening force that destroys everything in its way as „Moloch“ (Giddens), the „risk society“ (Beck) in which the doctrine produced in equal measure the conditions for prosperity, but also the risks and destruction; the simulation of society (Baudrillard) which glorifies lies and deceit. Instead of society as a community, we are talking about the disappearance of society (Popper). Can we, therefore, rationally understand and express the world, the world of modernity; this world of profound change resembles the maze in which we are lost and wandering without meaning? Starting with Ulrich Beck and his theory of the risk society, the author points out that the way in which the western civilization started, which is imposed as a mandatory form for the rest of the world, leads to amoral morality. The ideology of progress, which is irrational and without a clear vision and clearly defined values, pushes us into an uncertain future of numerous risks and ever growing individualism. Thus we come to the conviction that without common values, collective values, we are lost in this world of risk. Solidarity and trust are the key values for the stable community, but they are non-existent in the risk society dominated by individualism. In the period of uncertainty in the risk society, only religion provides a healthy basis for communal living. Therefore, the way out of the crisis is not in politics, which is placed at the service of the economy, but in ethics and religion. However, the key issue is how to develop these values without common models of values, which brings us to the question of religion. Egoistic blind hedonism pushes people into moral scarcity and lack of a sense of the common good, mercy, solidarity, and the supreme value. Each instance of individualism inevitably leads to suffering. Everything boils down to interest, and losing sense of the supreme good, mercy, and solidarity. This foolish epoch we live in, where Thanatos forces grows stronger, can only be remedied by returning to our Orthodox roots and turning towards „equal“ (Njegoš) civilization, Orthodox Russia.

РОЛЬ БРИТАНІЇ В КУЛЬТУРНО-ПОЛІТИЧНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ ВІЗАНТІЇ В ЕПОХУ ВИСОКОГО СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧЧЯ

Author(s): Alla Sokolova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2020

The role of Britain in the cultural and political space of Byzantium during the High Renaissance epoch The purpose of the article to determine the position of Britain in the cultural and political sphere of the life of Byzantium in the era of the late Middle Ages. The research methodology consists of the application of methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization of facts, comparison, and generalization of research results. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the problems of relations between Byzantium and Britain in the era of the late Middle Ages are investigated, and a hypothesis is put forward about the colonization of a part of the Crimean peninsula by English Varangians over several centuries, cultural and political interaction between the Byzantine Empire and Britain at the turn of the XIV-XV centuries is considered. Conclusions. Byzantium was the center of Christianity and the eastern outpost of Christendom, which stimulated British interest in Byzantium. The conquest of Great Britain by Normandy in 1066 triggers crisis and emigration processes, as a result of which some of the British find refuge in Byzantium. During the same period, the Byzantine army became increasingly dependent on the services of mercenaries. By the end of the XIIth century, the British constituted the main contingent of the foreign mercenary army, personally loyal to the emperor. The British, who were part of the personal guard of the Byzantine emperor, and recreated a colony called "New England" on the territory of the Crimean peninsula, continued to identify themselves as British without losing touch with the culture of their people. The last visit of the Byzantine emperor to London in 1400 did not bring significant political dividends for the empire but promoted cultural exchange between the two countries. In the last decades of the empire's existence, these contacts were fading.

Роль еліт у формуванні культурної ідентичності

Author(s): Olga Rafayilivna Kopiyevska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2015

In the article the interaction of state and culture in the context of political cooperation and creative elites. Actualized problem productive interaction of all stakeholders’ cultural life of the country. It is noted that Ukraine is a European orientation requires a gradual alignment of the democratic system in the country, the functioning of all spheres of public life on the basis of culture and law. Defined and analyzed in the article the problem of the national political elite, which is associated with the lack of what is called long planning horizon, the ability to create scenarios for the future, to choose the most appropriate, given the characteristics of internal and external circumstances, and develop strategic direction, build their models implementation. The article argues that from the contradictions that exist between the political and creative elite depend not only the fate of national culture and art, but also the fate of the political elite. In the context of the research attention paid to politics of identity in view of the importance of not only its practical implementation, but conceptualizing how important area of scientific knowledge, including cultural. Characterized terminology, historical reflection. We analyze the subject matter of identity politics, including cultural, that are functionally associated with the formation and reproduction of national, civic, regional, ethnic and religious identities. It is noted that the basis of identity politics is history and culture and formed on the basis of the concept of historical and cultural memory, which allows you to use all the resource potential of value-moral, historical and symbolic and emotional content. The study examined the article description also serves institutional mechanisms for the formation, preservation and transformation of identity through the cultural world view and value system of ideological and political views. Thus, it is noted that the mechanisms of identity politics should provide different social, ethnic and other groups that defend the right to their own identity in the community the opportunity to be different, but not alien or hostile and thus prevent xenophobia. Thus, the article examines subjects that affect identity politics. The latter is characterized as belonging to the different branches of government and civil society. Determine their role and importance in the implementation of national cultural identity. In particular, it is noted that identity politics has gained urgency in the European territory in connection with the creation of the European Union and its further expansion, which raised the question of the territorial identity population in different regions. The article also identifies the main challenges of cultural identity among which is focused on creating information and communication channels of distribution of state doctrine to identity formation and reproduction system of norms and values shared ideas on the prospects of social development. The role of cultural institutions, along with public television and radio and fulfill this role. The policy of cultural identity is seen from the perspective of ongoing state social ethnic, professional groups, practice formation (construction) identity that allows you to integrate cultural and educational practices significantly affects the formation of cultural environment determines the atmosphere in society and contribute to the spiritual development of the people; in response to one of the challenges of globalization – increased conflict between people who feel they belong to a global world, and people whose identity is inseparable from their authentic, local culture. Special attention is focused on the politics of cultural identity models, namely the conservative (or traditionalist) and innovation. It is reported that in the first model is the key "Conservative moralism" expressed in unambiguous interpretation of history, literature, historical and cultural heritage and is supported by an established set of symbols and rituals relevant. In turn, innovative model of cultural identity is an important resource of the country, the region and focused on meaningful intercultural dialogue in which basis tolerant, friendly attitude towards people of other ethnic groups, multicultural groups, and religious denominations. The opinion notes that effective and meaningful policy of cultural identity is the transition to a new phase of the relationship of the state and culture must be based principles of dialogue and civic participation in the formulation and implementation of cultural policies participatory, public-public-private partnership and civil solidarity. It is noted that it is common productive activity contributes to a positive consolidation that will resist the negative influence of popular culture, to prevent the erosion of national and cultural identity and formation, especially in young people a sense of responsibility for the fate of the country.

РОЛЬ МАС-МЕДІА У ФОРМУВАННІ ПОЛІТИЧНОГО СВІТОГЛЯДУ ТА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ВИБОРЧИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ПАРТІЙ АВСТРІЇ

Author(s): Parlyk Vladislav Igorevich / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

Problem setting. Evolution of media led to the fact that in addition to their main functions, they began to perform certain functions of political parties, namely political socialization and mobilization. Therefore, one of the central places in the election campaigns of political parties is occupied by the media, and their participation acts as an independent institution of democracy. The Austrian media system represents special model of functioning of media which has an impact, both on political outlook of the Austrians, and on transformation of the electoral strategies of political parties of Austria.Recent research and publications analysis. The topic of the influence of the media on political orientations of electorate, political communication and strategies became a studying subject for scientists. (D. Dubov, D. Farrell, N. Garmash, O. Gruber, K. Kholodkovsky, Z. Komilova, M. Lettner, S. Lisova, A. Nazarbetova, P. Norris, F. Plasser, G. Plasser, P. Ulram and other).Paper objective. The article analyzes the stages of the evolution of election campaigns and the development of a political communication system in the Republic of Austria. The purpose of the article is to show, with the example of the evolution of the Austrian media system, its influence on the transformation of the political world outlook and electoral strategies of the Austrian political parties.Paper main body. A modern democratic society needs politics and political mass media. On the other hand, politics needs the society itself (voters), which, in turn, is sufficiently achieved only through the media.In the development of the political communication system in Austria allocate three stages (according to F. Plasser and P. Ulram): 1) between 1945 and the middle of the 60th of the 20th century - “domination of party with the newspaper”; 2) the middle of the 60th - the beginning of the 90th of the 20th century - “television” phase; 3) since the beginning of the 1990th years till today - “multimedia diversity”. Thus, the perception of politics occurs through various media channels, which leads to the fragmentation of political communication.Owing to social changes and technical progress, the struggle to retain their dominant position in the Austrian party system forces political parties to look for new methods to attract the electorate, hence their election campaigns become more professional. Analysis of election campaigns in the period 2006-2017 allows you to highlight the elements of their “Americanization”, “personalization”, “negativization”. In turn, the strategies by which candidates and parties attract votes within the election campaigns are also influenced by factors such as the configuration of political institutions and the structure of the media system. A specific feature of the Austrian media system, which belongs to the democratic corporatist model (according to the classification of D. Hallin and P. Mancini), is the relatively late realization of the dualization of the television market and strong monopolistic media structures at the national level.There are four types of Austrian voters using political information and media: 1) traditionalist, the information-conscious, politically-involved (largest Austrian People’s Party voter share); 2) established, the information-interested, politically close (largest Social Democratic Party of Austria voter share); 3) modernity, politically distant, not interested information (votes for the Austrian Green Party more often); 4) unprivileged, dissatisfied with the policy, moderately informed (a high proportion of voters of the party “Alliance for the Future of Austria” and the Freedom Party of Austria).Conclusions of the research. Traditional media are an important and primary source for political information and decision making in elections, which leads to a trend of politicization of the media. The research conducted by the author allows to come to a conclusion that changes in political agitation, as a rule, need to be considered as reaction to the previous changes in a media system and electorate, and from features of modern Austrian election campaigns it is possible to allocate orientation to television and media.

Роль національного фактору у формуванні громадянського суспільства в Україні

Author(s): Mikhail Zaitsevsky / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2011

In the article the state of scientific discussion in the works of Ukrainian scholars on determination of priority factors of forming of civil society in Ukraine in the frameworks of main problems of foundation of Ukrainian political nation and Ukrainian independent state. An important role of nationalism and national identity as socio-cultural factors of forming of civil society in Ukraine is shown.

РУСИЈА У ОЧИМА МАРКИЗА ДЕ КИСТИНА

Author(s): Milan Subotić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2010

The publishing of the abridged Serbian edition of Marquis de Custine’s book Russia in 1839 is one of the main motivations behind this review of Custine’s work. In the interpretation of Custine’s book, the author uses the frames of current debates on “symbolic geography” and the processes of “mental mapping”. Using theoretical insights about both the different ways of representing the “Other” and “Otherness” and the discursive practices of “orientalisation” (Said, Wolff, and Todorova), Custine’s work is an adequate illustration for a long lasting practice of “exoticising” and “essentialising” Russia as the opposite of “Europe” or the “West”. Simultaneously, the author argues that one of the main axes of the Russian culture itself, was the similarly constructed polarity between Russia and the West (Chaadaev, the Russian Slavophilism, Westerners, etc). As a consequence of the strong impact of this dual model of thinking, Custin’s work was able to reach such a broad recap-tion and popularity for such a long period of time. Numerous Custine’s characterizations of Russians as “slaves” who “adore their tyrants” and Russia as the “Orient without a sun” were repeatedly describing the Soviet Union during the Cold War period.

Савремена српскохрватска стандарднојезичка норма у свјетлу језичке и друштвене стварности у БиХ

Author(s): Milan Šipka / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 2/1980

Based on the social character of the standard language norm and its functions in general, this paper deals with specifics of Serbo-Croat standard language norm, its development, its present state and future perspectives in the context of linguistic and social reality of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to the information about linguistic activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the author discusses aspects of language planning, this being based on four principles of literature and language policy. The author particularly lays stress on two of these principles: one of them being the fact that Serbo-Croat is the common language of Serbs, Croats, Muslims and Montenegrins: the second being the complete individual freedom of choice between the linguistics means of expression within the framework of a broad standard language norm. The views presented in this paper should be understood as being opposed to those advocating nationalistic, separatist and centralist approaches to contemporary problems of the Serbo-Croat language and the standard language norm.

Савремене економске промене и развој демократских процеса

Author(s): Sreten Sokić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2011

The latest modern international routes of development of democracy carry with them an objective process of unification, and subjective process of disunification. There is the fullness of political and, primarly, economic interdependence. Those synthesized inevitability of tendency of capital, which are unbounded prosperity and track of progress. Processes of modern state must be accompanied by an adequate development of democracy. Of course, with special concept of mastering countries and regions. Conflicts or national unity opportunities and international views and barriers adjusment of international. All societies are „the international background of“ necessary adjustments which, very often openly, imposes certain geo-strategic interests. Not rarely, and world capital flows and their open conflict with national identity. Civilization, at the same time, striving for more developed democracy, market economy, and appropriate role of the state. This trend inevitability followed by Serbia. Capacity and facilities of existing institutions in our country are far away from reality of dominant contemporary democratic forms. Even further of those forms and contents which are assumption of modernity and future. Hence the scientific research activities within the project „Democratic and national capacity of political institutions in Serbia within the framework of international integrations“ (num. 179009), in the next five years, special task to critically reassess democratic development opportunities with the improvement of basic facilities of reforms to contemporarity. This paper is a theoretical form of pointing out the key issues and dilemmas of direct interdependence of economy and democracy and the importance of the state in them.

Свакодневица у енклави

Author(s): Sanja Zlatanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2005

Рад се заснива на теренском истраживању обављеном 2003. године у енклави Витина на Косову и има за циљ да начини етнографску скицу (после)ратне свакодневице.

Свет - димензије кризе и спашавање европског пројекта

Author(s): Snežana Grk / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

Europe is on the verge of an abyss. Being burdeneed with problems of inequality between the north and south in the Eurozone, it seems that she does not have a way out from the trap into which she got herself. Her great economic inequalities in certain states had created great political ineuqalities which then generated the economic inequalities. Such unnatural state of affairs in the European Union has slowed down further development of the region and put into risk Western Balkan's prosperity and even survival of the Eurozone. If this unnatural state of affairs continues, Europe will find herself in a long-term state of economic stagnation or even something much worse. The European Union is not a state, a strong system and instead of it it consists of various separate systems and so she might be less resistant to internal and external factors. A biggest threat for the European Union is a deflatory trap of debt which threatens to destroy this still uncomplitely established political union. Currently there has been a dark shadow leaning over the biggest peaceful project in history of human mankind. Objective of author of this paper is to present a research on dimensions of the crisis in the world and on possibilities of the salvation of the European project based on principles and values of identity of the European Union.

Светът на мегамитовете

Някои политически и историографски митове на XX век

Author(s): Plamen Tzvetkov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Myth and mythology may be defined as an attempt of the human being to put some order in the way of perceiving the surrounding world that appears as chaos. However, those who want to justify their absolute power by a simple and self-evident explanation can easily manipulate this longing for myths, the more so as myth is also a kind of fairy tale. On the other hand, a lie is never hundred percent untrue: it is a combination of obvious facts with half-truths and with sheer untruths.

Сенка Бриселског споразума над Републиком Српском - како се појам „издаја“ појавио у српском националном дискурсу

Author(s): Slobodan R. Reljić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/2013

After signing of the Brussels Agreement (April, 2013) and the beginning of the more rapid giving away of the national territory`s 15% without resistance, the government in Belgrade is facing issues raised by the public: Is the Republic of Srpska next part of the national corps that is going to be systematically renounced of, for the sake of shady promises by the West to join the European Union? Geopolitical relations in which the entire process is taking place suggest new perception of “Serbian question`s” solving. In Serbian national discourse a standing point has occurred that radicalises the public opinion additionally – national betrayal. That puts the government and the public opinion in front of a dilemma: more authoraitarianism or more rapid disorganization.

СИМВОЛИЧЕСКИЕ ГРАНИЦЫ В ПОЛИТИКЕ СОВЕТСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ: ГЕНДЕРНОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ КИНЕМАТОГРАФА ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ)

Author(s): Oleg Vjacheslavovich Riabov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2020

Using the boundary approach, the paper dwells upon the role of gender discourse in politics of the Soviet identity in the time of the Great Patriotic War. In the beginning, it discusses what role symbolic boundaries created with help of gender discourse play in politics of identity. Then, the essential traits of politics of Soviet identity are examined on the material of the film “Circus” (1936). Finally, the paper focuses on utilizing the gender discourse by cinema of the Great Patriotic War. It investigates how the films used the representations of femininity in such directions of the politics of the Soviet identity as producing the images of “us” and forming the feeling of belonging to the political community; providing the national unity through weakening internal symbolic boundaries; strengthening external symbolic boundaries and forming negative identity through constructing the images of “them” — the women of Nazi Germany. The author comes to the conclusion that the boundary approach has significant heuristic potential and may be employed in Gender Studies.

Симплификовано о савременој Турској

Author(s): Nemanja Stefanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

Приказ/Review: Зоран Милошевић, Турска и неоосманизам, Завод за уџбенике и наставна средства, Источно Сарајево, 2010., стр. 176

Синтетичке нације као модел закаснеле идентитетске консолидације нација на простору бивше Југославије

Author(s): Ljubiša Despotović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2013

A model of synthetic nation creation in the state- law ground of former Yugoslavia will experience its intensification in the very first days of breakdown of SFRY with recognition of former Yugoslav republics’ state independency. We will especially endeavour in our work to conceive explanatory model of synthetic nations which isn’t theoretically shaped enough. We will also endeavour to explain the example of Croatian national identity formation, both diachronic and synchronic dimension and factors of its creation.

Следващите седем на Европейския съюз

Доклади от Седмата международна научна конференция на Катедра „Европеистика“, Философски факултет, Софийски университет „Св. Климент Охридски“, май 2020 г.

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian

This book presents reports from „The Next Seven of the European Union“, Seventh International Scientific Conference of the European Studies Department, Faculty of Philosophy at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. The conference was held in May 2020 with the support of Hanns Seidel Foundation.