Między sztuką a polityką. Źródła myśli politycznej Stanisława z Warty Szukalskiego

Author(s): Anna Kargol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2012

Stanisław Szukalski was one of the most famous and controversial artists in Poland. Known well in his motherland almost forgotten after the Second World War he continued his artistic activity in United States of America until nineties when he died. Szukalski was fascinated with Slavism and the deep, ancient past and tradition of Slavonic nations, especially Polish. Reaching there he was finding inspiration to his artistic creations and political doctrine as well. Evoking traditions different then catholic one and joining political thought with art he became unusual artist and even more unusual man of ideas. The article is an attempt to find real sources of inspiration in Szukalski’s doctrine and art including historical, social and cultural aspect of his époque.

Jan Hempel: neopogaństwo lewicowe

Author(s): Agnieszka Gajda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2012

Polish Neo-Paganism is a wide cultural and social movement with clear religious features, referring to the pre-Christian Slavic culture and religion of Polish ancestry. In its mainstream it is nationalist, proslavic and pantheistic. The biggest influence on the Polish Neo-Paganism had Zadruga group and Jan Stoigniew Stachniuk. The achievements of this environment, as well as of a group of Stanisław Szukalski, determined the perception of Polish Neo-Paganism as nationalistic. However, this intellectual current contains a much broader spectrum of political and social views. A prime example is Józef Niećko’s “słowianizm”, which can be described as a peasant Neo-Paganism and Jan Hempel’s “no-god religion” (“religia bezboska”), which is a left-wing trend in Polish neo-paganism. In “The Piast’s Sermons” (Kazania Piastowe, 1912) Hempel sketched his concept of a new religion and a new morality – religion without the God, religion of the freedom, religion of the human “I”. He found its model in the Slavic pagan religion. Mythic Piast was for Hempel the desired ideal of man – free, acting in accordance with his own will (harmonious with the tendencies of the Universe), strong, heroic, hospitable, respectful of others, working. This Piast’s dignified ethics of freedom was recognized by Hempel as exemplary and contrasted with its anthithesis, which degrades human being – the Christianity.

Wojna pamięci. Stosunki francusko-algierskie po 1962 roku

Author(s): Aleksandra Kasznik-Christian / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Między nowoczesną tożsamością a strategią marketingową. Japońska kultura popularna na Tajwanie

Author(s): Katarzyna Pawlak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2007

Nadzieje i porażki Akcji Afirmatywnej

Author(s): Jarosław Rokicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2004

Ugrupowania polityczne a niepodległość. U źródeł polskiej państwowości w 1918 r.

Author(s): Danuta Waniek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Historia i polityka – determinanty niepodległego Kosowa

Author(s): Irena Stawowy-Kawka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2008

Tożsamość w przestrzeni wielokulturowej

Author(s): Zbigniew Pucek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2004

Europejska tożsamość młodzieży na przykładzie uczniów klas maturalnych

Author(s): Bogusław Blachnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2004

Być Polakiem i Europejczykiem. Badania tożsamości młodzieży szkolnej

Author(s): Bogusław Blachnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2004

Gender disparity and academic performance among the undergraduates of Fountain University, Osogbo

Author(s): Remi Kasali Alatise,Tajudeen Yusuf Adeyinka,Musediq Olufemi Lawal / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2024

Historically, women are perceived to have been relegated to the second fiddle positions in social schema, especially in cultures where patriarchy predominates. Since the Industrial Revolution in England, women have taken it upon themselves to liberate their kind in all facets of human engagements. This determination, therefore, necessitated the proliferation of various groupings for women’s liberation. One crucial means adopted for achieving this objective is to acquire Western education, a potent strategy often used to break barriers of real and perceived oppression by men. They ‘wrestle’ power from men and now take charge of most aspects in which men hitherto reigned supreme. This study was spurred by the trend of female students leading in academic performance in public and school examinations. A survey of the academic performance of Fountain University students for four years was carried out with a specific focus on gender performance. Senior Secondary School Certificate examination results, final results of graduating students, library attendance and Students’ Disciplinary Committee reports were examined. Interview sessions were conducted with six (6) parents (IDIs) and five (5) school officials (KIIs). These were complemented with ten (10) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with students. Radical Feminist Theory was employed to provide explanations on the study’s findings, which were content analysed.

Interpret the political ideology of Taiwan independence as Beliefs in a State’s Human Ecosystem

Author(s): Tran Minh Hop / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2024

The Human Ecosystem is defined “as a coherent system of biophysical and social factors capable of adaptation and sustainability over time” (Machlis et al., 1997). This social-ecological model consists of two portions: Critical Resources (Biophysical Resources, Socioeconomic Resources, and Cultural Resources) and Social Systems (Social Institutions, Social Order, and Cyles). In the Human Ecosystem, ‘Beliefs’ is a variable of Cultural Resources, which is one of three Critical Resources. As a representative of ‘Beliefs’ in Taiwan’s human ecosystem, the political ideology of Taiwan independence is selected as a case study. The quantitative study uses the content analysis method with literature studies on Taiwan’s politics, especially, on the issues of Taiwan independence are the main sources of data. The Human Ecosystem Model is adopted as the main analysis tool to take a new exploration of how the political ideology of Taiwan Independence integrates, manifests, and functions in Taiwan’s human ecosystem. The study suggests that land, population, and political subsystems are the main variables that integrate the political ideology of Taiwan independence. Also, the study proposes that there is a visible relationship between beliefs and identity. Consequently, Taiwan’s social institutions such as government, education, security, and defence are forced to interact according to the rise of the political ideology of Taiwan independence. Besides, indigenous peoples’ governance focuses on solidifying the territorial and cultural background, which significantly strengthens the political ideology. The initial findings suggest that indigenous peoples’ territories, cultural resources, and ideological security are key variables to solidify the political ideology of Taiwan independence.

Constructing Spaces of Knowledge in Türkiye: An Analysis of the Republican Period

Author(s): Berrak Erdal / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2024

This article critically examines the transformative commitment to modernization and nation-building in Turkish Republic, focusing on the pivotal role played by spaces of knowledge. The study begins with a theoretical analysis of the complex relationship between political power, knowledge and space. The concrete analysis starts with the examination of People’s Houses, envisioned as cultural and political centers spreading Republican principles and the new national identity. The analysis extends to museums established by the new regime, demonstrating their ideological underpinnings as spaces generating a specific knowledge on the nation through the collection of memories. The article then explores theaters, cinemas, and operas, emphasizing their contribution to shaping cultural policies of the new Turkish nation state. Shifting to libraries, it traces the historical evolution culminating in the establishment of the National Library in Ankara and its role in nation-building process. Throughout, the article delves into the complexities of preserving national identity through these spaces of knowledge, offering a comprehensive understanding of Türkiye’s modernization journey.

Miejsca pamięci masowych egzekucji jako element dziedzictwa kulturowego, rozwoju regionalnego i tanatoturystyki na wybranych przykładach z Wielkopolski

Author(s): Tomasz Sahaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 66/2023

The aim of the article is to present the effects of field research which explores forest memo-rial sites of mass executions carried out between 1939 and 1945 during the German occupation in the Land of Warta (German: Warthegau) in areas of today’s Greater Poland (Wielkopolska). Mass graves are elements of material and spiritual culture, a component of historical-social narration and region-al, national and international modern thanatopolitics. Memorial sites receive today a “second life” thanks to being joined with signposted trails and hiking, cycling, nordic walking, horse riding and wa-ter routes which increase sightseeing and recreational movement thus promoting discovering Greater Poland region. Wielkopolska’s memorial sites stop being “sites of memory” (fr. mémoire collective, Nora 1974, 2022), “non-sites of memory” (fr. non-lieux de mémoire, Lanzmann 1993), “non-places” (fr. non-lieux, Augé 2012), “contaminated landscapes” (Pollack 2014), becoming destinations which are consciously chosen by the residents of the region as well as culture tourists from Poland, Europe and the world. This enriches the sports-tourist capital and activates regional development. Physical activ-ity, sport and tourism – correlated with cultural heritage and the history of Greater Poland region and Poland – are the area of special interest for the author of this article – as great development potential. The research was provided in 2020–2022 and then updated in 2023.

Politički kontekst denominacije bosanskih Muslimana u Bošnjake

Author(s): Šaćir Filandra,Semir Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2024

The session of the "All-Bosniac Assembly", in September 1993, belongs to the series of historical events with a double interpretation form. Except as a culminating act of national self-awareness, this event is also titled as Bosniak sympathy in the negotiation process, which really changes the historical face of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unknown facts are that the assembly process started with the idea of a "All-Bosnian Assembly", within the Assembly of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and abruptly ended in a one-party, and with it, single-national form. Documents and original testimonies show that the change in the name, organizer and topic of the Bosnian assembly was caused by the abrupt negotiation agreements on the tripartite Bosnia and Herzegovina, agreed at the beginning of September 1993. The planned assembly, on the position and future of the war-torn ZAVNOBiH state, came down to a Bosniak plenum on their own future in the new Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main topic of the "All-Bosniac Assembly" was related to the state-territorial reorganization of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whereby the denomination of Bosnian Muslims into Bosniaks appeared as a negotiation precondition. The organizers of the "All-Bosniac Assembly" raise the question of the benefits and harms of "further emphasizing Bosniakness", while one of the key actors of this session claims that by insisting on Bosnian Muslimness "we are causing suspicion in Europe". According to this context, Bosniakness, as a historical category of Bosnian nationality, appears at the "All-Bosniac Assembly" as a political tool in the service of the negotiation process. The national emancipation of Bosnian Muslims into Bosniaks is revealed as a consequence of international negotiation pressure, on the one hand, or as a result of the reduction of state politics to ethnic politics, on the other.

LES LIEUX DE MEMOIRE AND THE LEGACIES OF ROMA SLAVERY IN THE COLLECTIVE MEMORY. CASE STUDY IN TISMANA, GORJ COUNTY, ROMANIA

Author(s): Adrian-Nicolae Furtună / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article aims to analyse the content of the local collective memory regarding slavery in Tismana, the place of the first documentary attestation of “Gypsies” in Romanian territory as slaves. To construct my theoretical framework, I use theories particularly from the field of sociology, but I also take in consideration works from the field of history and cultural studies. The research model I use is a qualitative one – ethnographic, based on the theory of social representations. The case study is based on the relationship between the local mnemonics (the presence of the monastery) that refer to the phenomenon of slavery and the Roma community. After I identify the content of local collective memory regarding the phenomenon of “Gypsy slavery” and the meanings attributed to the mnemonics relating to slavery, I analyse how this content influences the construction and assumption of Roma ethnic identity, today, in this locality. I argue how the heritage of slavery shapes the relations between Roma and the majority population nowadays. This article also aims to introduce the debate on Roma slavery in Romania into the global discussion on collective memory, identity, and the legacies of slavery.

Michał Masłowski, Mity i symbole polityczne Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

Author(s): Filip Skoczeń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 70/2023

This text is a review article of Michał Masłowski’s monograph “Myths and political symbols of Central and Eastern Europe”. Masłowski’s publication presents the most widespread myths, political and national symbols of Central and Eastern Europe, along with an explanation of their origin and influence over the often turbulent centuries from the early Middle Ages to the present day. The author approaches this topic in an interdisciplinary way, trying to present what shaped nations and their culture in this part of Europe.

THE PEOPLE OF THE BOOK(S): ON JEWISH READING HABITS IN THE N INETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES

Author(s): Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov / Language(s): English Issue: 129/2024

Review of: Nathan Cohen, Yiddish Transformed: Reading Habits in the Russian Empire, 1860–1914, trans. Rebecca Wolpe, New York–Oxford, 2023, Berghahn Books, 431 pp.; Dan Tsahor, The Book of the People: The Hebrew Encyclopedic Project and the National Self, Berlin–Boston, 2023, de Gruyter, 228 pp. (Studia Judaica, 117); Marat Grinberg, Soviet Jewish Bookshelf: Jewish Culture and Identity Between the Lines, Waltham, 2023, Brandeis University Press, 284 pp. (The Tauber Institute Series for the Study of European Jewry)

Striving for Futures Past. Citizenship, Memory, and Central Asia-Russia Migration

Author(s): Mariana Irby / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

In previous decades, migration from the former Soviet republics in Central Asia has made Russia one of the top migrant-receiving countries in the world. As these mobilities exist within the boundaries of what was once one state, Central Asian migrant communities thus exist as ’diasporas‘ within the territory of a country in which they once held citizenship. For Central Asians, this marked a shift from fellow passport-holders to racially marked ’guest workers‘ in Russia, vulnerable to discrimination and exploitation. This article focuses on how the dislocations of migration – particularly the precarity produced by both experiences of racialisation in Russia and the instability of the contemporary remittance-dependent economy in Tajikistan – shape the meanings and sentiments ascribed to the Soviet past. I draw from 18 months of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork between Russia and Tajikistan, one of the major sources of migrant labour to Russia and one of the most remittance-dependent economies in the world. I ethnographically explore nostalgia for a common framework of Soviet citizenship, or the nostalgic perception of a trajectory of progress towards interethnic harmony. Bridging anthropological literature on nostalgia and citizenship with recent theorisations of the role of affect in politics, I illustrate the lingering potentialities of bygone frameworks of citizenship with regard to notions of belonging. By focusing on the role of nostalgia, I argue for an ethnographically-grounded understanding of citizenship that attends to the embodied afterlives of political shifts and subsequent reconfigurations of belonging.

Afterword

Author(s): Anke Hilbrenner / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024