Јеврејско питање након Рата

Author(s): Z. Rozenberg / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 01/1934

После Рата је могло бити у свету око петнаест милијона Јевреја. Највише их је било у Совјетској Русији, у Пољској, и у Сједињеним Државама Америке. Знатан број био је и у Немачкој и Румунији; затим у Чешкословачкој, Аустрији, и Маџарској. Остале земље слабије су заступане. У Југославији било је свега око 65.000 Јевреја, што је процентуално знатно мање него у суседним земљама; сем Албаније и Италије, где их има још мање.

Словеначки књижевни језик

Author(s): Matija Murko / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 05/1922

До многих неспоразума и потешкоћа долази у Југославији услед непознаванја ствари и прилика. Овамо спада, како ми се чини и питање словеначког језика. Пристајем уз израз словеначки, премда сами Словенци говоре словенски јер држим да је најзгодније да проводимо што више можемо и свуда правилне облике: југословенски, Јужни Словени, и Словени уопће, место Славени.

Da li su Nemci Arijevci

Author(s): Vladimir Alekseevic Rozov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 06/1933

U sva su vremena narodi, društvene grupe, pa i pojedina lica, vodili medjusobom borbu za opstanak ili o prevlast', i to često otvoreno a često — osobito kad kultura i pravna svest dostignu izvestan stepen — prikriveno, s pomoću ideološkog prikrivanja primitivnog grabljivog instinkta, zavaravajući mase i pravdajući pred ljudima postupke protivu kojih bi se inače bunila njihova savest.

Centralizam i decentralizacija

Author(s): Milutin Jakšić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 02/1922

Što su ljudi i narodi primitivniji manje otadžbine imaju. Čovek vezan zbog saobraćajnih teškoća, koje su se u staro vreme mnogo teže savladjivale, za svoje selo ili najbližu okolinu, ima ljubavi samo za ono što mu je poznato (≫znano voljeno≪), za selo i pleme; a što je daleko i nepoznato mu, to mu je tudje, gotovo mrsko. U tom primitivnom stadijumu, on stvara plemensku državu, župu, i smatra druga plemena — koja se od njegova plemena razlikuju u dijalektu, nošnji, i drugim sitnicama — za krvne neprijatelje. Vekovima vodile su se kod raznih naroda borbe izmedju plemenskih državica, dok nije kojoj od njih, ponekad kulturnom ponajčešće militamom snagom, pošlo za rukom da ostale pobedi i stvori jednu nacijonalnu državu.

КОМПЛЕТНО ИЗДАЊЕ КЊИГА XXVI. БРОЈ 6. 1933

Author(s): Ivo Kolbe,Slavko Kiršner,Aleksa Božić,Vladimir Alekseevic Rozov,Žiga Švarc,J. Horvath / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 06/1933

Zákon o soudní rehabilitaci č. 82/1968 Sb. jako výraz právní diskontinuity vývoje v 50. a 60. letech

Author(s): Jaromír Císař / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/1996

The article discusses the Law on Judicial Rehabilitation No. 82/1968 Sb. in Czechoslovakia, which aimed to address injustices from the 1950s political trials. It highlights the Prague Spring as a pivotal moment for legal reforms, leading to the creation of the law. The law provided a framework for rehabilitating unjustly convicted individuals, emphasizing the need for a formal legal process. It also addressed the limitations of previous rehabilitation efforts and the political compromises involved. The article details the procedures and criteria for rehabilitation, including the establishment of special senates and the role of the Supreme Court. It also mentions the financial implications and the partial restitution of property. The law's impact was significant but limited by political and legal constraints of the time.

Zły mit. Obrazowanie międzypokoleniowych przeżyć rewolucji i wojny

Author(s): Jessica Zychowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

This abridged chapter from the book Superfluous Women: Art, Feminism, and Revolution in Twenty-First Century Ukraine provides a historical and theoretical context for the arts in Ukraine concerning concepts of freedom of expression, in particular among generations who emerged in the 2000s and the years leading to 2022. The author considers “intergenerational” transmissions of memory of twentieth-century wars and revolutions, in particular in those cases when the great “myths” of the Soviet past are challenged and reinvented in aesthetic experiments conducted within the post-revolutionary (post-Maidan 2013) public sphere, aimed at exposing and overturning antidemocratic rule, systematic corruption, and censorship in recent decades.

Miejsca pamięci masowych egzekucji jako element dziedzictwa kulturowego, rozwoju regionalnego i tanatoturystyki na wybranych przykładach z Wielkopolski

Author(s): Tomasz Sahaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 66/2023

The aim of the article is to present the effects of field research which explores forest memo-rial sites of mass executions carried out between 1939 and 1945 during the German occupation in the Land of Warta (German: Warthegau) in areas of today’s Greater Poland (Wielkopolska). Mass graves are elements of material and spiritual culture, a component of historical-social narration and region-al, national and international modern thanatopolitics. Memorial sites receive today a “second life” thanks to being joined with signposted trails and hiking, cycling, nordic walking, horse riding and wa-ter routes which increase sightseeing and recreational movement thus promoting discovering Greater Poland region. Wielkopolska’s memorial sites stop being “sites of memory” (fr. mémoire collective, Nora 1974, 2022), “non-sites of memory” (fr. non-lieux de mémoire, Lanzmann 1993), “non-places” (fr. non-lieux, Augé 2012), “contaminated landscapes” (Pollack 2014), becoming destinations which are consciously chosen by the residents of the region as well as culture tourists from Poland, Europe and the world. This enriches the sports-tourist capital and activates regional development. Physical activ-ity, sport and tourism – correlated with cultural heritage and the history of Greater Poland region and Poland – are the area of special interest for the author of this article – as great development potential. The research was provided in 2020–2022 and then updated in 2023.

Prievartinių migrantų palikuonių šeimų atmintis ir jų etninė tapatybė: lietuvių diasporos Kazachstane atvejis

Author(s): Irena Šutinienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2023

Based on the data of semi-structured biographical interviews, the article examines the family memory of the descendants of Lithuanian forced migrants in Kazakhstan and its use as a resource of their ethnic identity. After the interruption of intergenerational memory transmission during the Soviet era, the memory of forced migrants is largely restored as the family memory. Due to the prevailing concept of primordial ‘inherited’ ethnic identity, the restoration of family memory takes place together with the restoration of Lithuanian identity. The emotional needs to restore family memory in the generations of descendants also strengthen the need to restore ethnic identity and in some cases family memory is its important resource.

Who should Issue a Permit for the Memorial? Administrative Law as a Platform for the Conflict over the Construction of the Monument to the Victims of the Smoleńsk Tragedy in Warsaw

Author(s): Piotr Eckhardt / Language(s): English Issue: 4 (112)/2023

Circles associated with the ruling Law and Justice party decided to build a monument to the victims of the crash of a Polish government airplane in Smoleńsk on April 10, 2010 in Piłsudski Square in Warsaw. However, the authorities of that city, associated with the political opposition, were not positive about the project. Government bodies instrumentally used (and even abused) existing institutions of administrative law to build the monument despite the opposition of the local self-government. First, control over Piłsudski Square was taken away from the city authorities. Then the square was declared a closed area of military importance so that the city authorities could not make it difficult to obtain permission to build the monument. Finally, the Polish parliament created special legislation to make it more difficult to remove the monument in the future.

Memory Politics on Screen: The Aesthetics of Historical Trauma in Izaokas (Isaac) (2019)

Author(s): Gabrielė Norkūnaitė / Language(s): English Issue: 4 (112)/2023

This article analyses the Lithuanian feature film Izaokas (Isaac, 2018) as an expression of memory activism. The film actualised heated debates on a national level over the role of ordinary Lithuanians in the Holocaust and collaboration with Nazi Germany, in spite of the fact that the filmmakers did not intend to engage in historical debates. Nonetheless, by generating an immersive experience and engaging viewers at the level of affect, the film effectively engages in polemics with public narratives of the Second World War.

From Stone to Seed: Objects and Counter-memory Activism in Brazil amidst Anticolonial Demonumentalizations

Author(s): Lilian Alves Gomes / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (114)/2024

This article reflects upon objects and actions of counter-memory activism in Brazil in the wake of anticolonial demonumentalizations. Initially, it focuses on statues symbolizing colonial and traumatic pasts, notably the Borba Gato statue in São Paulo, dedicated to a colonial explorer. The monument was set ablaze in July 2021, sparking widespread debate. The discussion deepens with the commemoration of Marielle Franco, a councilwoman and human rights advocate who was murdered in 2018. The interplay between memory initiatives and political activism is examined, with tributes analyzed as collective authorship by black and feminist movements. Ethnographic data from Rio de Janeiro and digital environments inform this analysis. Events related to monuments and other objects are viewed as political rituals in the struggle against forgetting. Statues, street signs, graffiti, posters, and other forms of counter-memory supports are identified as focal points for understanding the relationship between objects, artistic-political practices, and public life.

The formation of artillery in the Czechoslovak legions in Russia

Author(s): Tomáš Havlík,Ladislav Potužák,Ondřej Pekař,Michal Švehlík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2024

The article deals with the formation of artillery in the Czechoslovak legions in Russia. Using information drawn from contemporary sources and books from the 1930s, it presents the basic milestones that were at the birth of this important part of the Czechoslovak legions.

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ, ЛИЧНОЕ, ОБЫДЕННОЕ В ЖЕНСКОЙ АВТОБИОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ (На примере записей тверичанки середины 1970-х гг.)

Author(s): Anna V. Belova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

The article examines the phenomenon of women‘s autobiographical memory in the context of problems of women‘s social and family memory. Based on the methodological approaches of women‘s history, the social anthropology of women‘s everyday life, interdisciplinary studies of memory, and the anthropology of memory, the subject of special study was the gender characteristics of memory as one of the scientific problems that reveal the specifics of women remembering their own life experiences. Analyzing the unpublished diary entries of a female resident of Tver from the mid-1970s, the author examines the question of the relationship between memorization practices and the social experience of women. The article also discusses the functional connection between issues of the anthropology of memory and the study of gender aspects of social experience. The diary entries of Alexandra Mikhailovna Nikolskaya (1887 - after 1976), recording women‘s autobiographical memory, made it possible to restore unknown details of the historical biography of the founder of excursion work in the USSR, the organizer of the Institute of Methods of Extracurricular Work, Art Yakovlevich Zaks (1878-1938). Based on a study of unpublished autobiographical documents of Alexandra Mikhailovna Nikolskaya, the relationship between professional, personal and everyday aspects in public and private life is analyzed, and the connection between the subjective and historical past is clarified. Particular attention is paid to the problems of the source potential of women‘s autobiographical memory recorded in ego-documents, notably in diaries. It is concluded that the “quantitative” reliability of women‘s social memory, associated with the exact dating of events, a thorough restoration of the chronological sequence, may be inferior to “qualitative” information about the subjective reaction to past events, the emotional perception of the experience, the role of the autobiographical narrative in the construction of one‘s own identity.

Życie religijne katolików obrządku łacińskiego na Ukrainie sowieckiej w latach 1944-1953

Author(s): Władysław Rożkow,Mieczysław Ryba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 122/2024

In 1944, after the reappearance of the Red Army, Ukrainian territories previously occupied by the Third Reich came under the administration of the atheist Soviet state. Aiming to free society from all ‘religious antics’, the communist authorities almost immediately began systematic measures aimed at the complete subjugation of the Church, and ultimately its annihilation. The anti-church policy, slightly modified during the war and consistently embodied by Soviet officials, very quickly began to bear fruit. Mass arrests of priests, expulsion of bishops, and suppression of religious centres left the faithful largely without pastoral care. The religious life of many communities was going underground. Under the conviction that the presence of priests brings about a revival of religious life, the Soviet authorities tried in every possible way to hinder the performance of the pastoral service of priests in parishes other than the place of settlement. A great battle was fought over the catechization of children, which the authorities tried to prevent. Despite prohibitions and surveillance, priests and lay faithful carried out various formation activities, preparing children especial ly for First Communion. The authorities, in turn, pursued intelligence activities aimed at undermining or eliminating catechesis from the lives of the Catholics. In the post-war period, most Catholic communities in Ukraine did not have a permanent pastor. Some were not entitled to the presence of a priest at all. The lack of clergy caused the faithful to hold traditional, familiar services without the presence of a priest. Quite often, the services took the form of a simplified Mass, presided over by a person well versed in the liturgy who enjoyed great authority and trust in the religious community. Since, according to Soviet legislation, religious practices could only take place in registered parishes, the Council for Religious Cults used every opportunity to deprive individual communities of their legal rights. Despite the ban on congregations – in towns where temples were closed – the faithful continued to gather for communal services in cemeteries and private homes. Religious organizations, operating in secret, played a special role in the religious life of Catholics, including rosary circles and third orders. They have been instrumental in preserving religious identity and practices and passing on the faith to the next generation.

Gierek. Droga do władzy

Author(s): Bartłomiej Kapica / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2023

LES LIEUX DE MEMOIRE AND THE LEGACIES OF ROMA SLAVERY IN THE COLLECTIVE MEMORY. CASE STUDY IN TISMANA, GORJ COUNTY, ROMANIA

Author(s): Adrian-Nicolae Furtună / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article aims to analyse the content of the local collective memory regarding slavery in Tismana, the place of the first documentary attestation of “Gypsies” in Romanian territory as slaves. To construct my theoretical framework, I use theories particularly from the field of sociology, but I also take in consideration works from the field of history and cultural studies. The research model I use is a qualitative one – ethnographic, based on the theory of social representations. The case study is based on the relationship between the local mnemonics (the presence of the monastery) that refer to the phenomenon of slavery and the Roma community. After I identify the content of local collective memory regarding the phenomenon of “Gypsy slavery” and the meanings attributed to the mnemonics relating to slavery, I analyse how this content influences the construction and assumption of Roma ethnic identity, today, in this locality. I argue how the heritage of slavery shapes the relations between Roma and the majority population nowadays. This article also aims to introduce the debate on Roma slavery in Romania into the global discussion on collective memory, identity, and the legacies of slavery.

THE POLISH CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE PUBLIC MEMORY OF THE SHOAH. BETWEEN MNEMONIC BACKLASH AND SETTLING ACCOUNTS WITH THE PAST

Author(s): Magdalena Nowicka-Franczak / Language(s): English Issue: 128/2023

The paper discusses the Polish Catholic Church’s ambiguous contribution to the public debate on settling accounts with the Polish-Jewish wartime past. The Church is an actor of right-wing historical politics, which casts Poles in the role of the primary victims of the war but is reluctant to speak out on the Shoah. The growing scholarly interest in the dark chapters in the history of Catholic-Jewish relations, which brings to light the Church’s institutional and symbolic responsibility for its attitude towards the persecuted Jewish community, has not translated directly into greater visibility of the issue in the mainstream media. However, the Church’s ceremonial indifference towards the memory of the Shoah is not resistant to changes in the historiography of the Shoah. The Church’s stance in the debate on the memory of the Shoah insufficiently recognises its position about the Jewish tragedy. On the other hand, it includes the actions undertaken by Father Wojciech Lemański and Bishop Rafał Markowski to commemorate the Jewish victims. The recognition of this cleavage aligns with sociological analyses of axiological divisions in Polish society.

THIRD WAR OF INDEPENDENCE? THE ANTI-COLONIAL DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE’S POLITICS OF MEMORY AFTER 2014 ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE HISTORY OF UKRAINE IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN KYIV

Author(s): Tomasz Stryjek,Barbara Markowska-Marczak,Joanna Konieczna-Sałamatin / Language(s): English Issue: 128/2023

The article discusses the transformation of Ukraine from a peripheral colony to a European nation-state. It examines changes in the interpretation of Ukrainian-Russian relations in historiography, public perceptions, and museum exhibitions related to the ongoing war. It demonstrates that since 24 February 2022, Ukraine’s politics of memory has exclusively followed a continuously expanding anti-colonial perspective. The article highlights a shift in Ukrainian society’s view of its past, with growing interest in the country’s history and a move away from the Soviet perspective. Museums are crucial in shaping these narrative changes and fostering Ukrainian national identity. The article also explores societal transformations since 1991, showing an increased identification with the state and a gradual distancing from Russia. This is accompanied by a westward turn in geopolitical orientation and a desire to join the European Union. The National Museum of History of Ukraine in the Second World War in Kyiv serves as an example of these processes, reflecting a nuanced portrayal of the war and of its human dimension. The museum’s commitment can be seen as a pillar of a nation-state building project, with symbolic identification shifting from the East to the West, towards the EU and NATO.

IN SEARCH OF FEMALE AGENCY: LATEST TRENDS IN POLISH RESEARCH INTO WOMEN’S HISTORY IN POLISH LANDS IN THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES

Author(s): Katarzyna Sierakowska / Language(s): English Issue: 128/2023

The article discusses the latest trends in research on women’s history in Poland. Attention is drawn to the increasing number of biographies, and an attempt is made to answer the question of whether and in what direction this type of writing is changing our perception of women’s roles in Polish history. The article discusses the autobiographical literature written by women, whose publications reflect a growing interest in individual history and are a response to the demand to give a voice to previously unheard groups. It raises questions about the role of memoirs in describing past societies and gender order. The role of oral history methods in gaining insight into the past of women and society is also discussed.