Powojenne grupy nacisku i organizacje społeczne związane z japońskim rządem a kwestia pamięci o II wojnie światowej

Author(s): Olga Barbasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

In this article I focus on so called ‘pressure groups’ and social organizations related to the Japanese government, which have a real impact on modern memory politics. I analyzed two organizations, such as The Association of Shinto Shrines (Jinja Honchō), and The Japan War-Bereaved Families Association Nihon Izokukai. To verify the hypothesis about the impact of these organizations onto the shape of contemporary politics of remembrance, the offi cial structures of these pressure groups were analyzed to show the formal principles they pursue when taking decisions on diff erent memorials and places of remembrance.

Helmut Wagner, Vom Stoerenfried zum Buergen. Die “deutsche Frage” im europaeischen Kontext. Ein politischwissenschaftliches Essay, [Mut Verlag, Asendorf 2012, 238 s.]

Author(s): Erhard Cziomer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2012

Między sztuką a polityką. Źródła myśli politycznej Stanisława z Warty Szukalskiego

Author(s): Anna Kargol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2012

Stanisław Szukalski was one of the most famous and controversial artists in Poland. Known well in his motherland almost forgotten after the Second World War he continued his artistic activity in United States of America until nineties when he died. Szukalski was fascinated with Slavism and the deep, ancient past and tradition of Slavonic nations, especially Polish. Reaching there he was finding inspiration to his artistic creations and political doctrine as well. Evoking traditions different then catholic one and joining political thought with art he became unusual artist and even more unusual man of ideas. The article is an attempt to find real sources of inspiration in Szukalski’s doctrine and art including historical, social and cultural aspect of his époque.

Wojna pamięci. Stosunki francusko-algierskie po 1962 roku

Author(s): Aleksandra Kasznik-Christian / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Sporne problemy nowożytnej historii Chin

Author(s): Roman Sławiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

Historia i polityka – determinanty niepodległego Kosowa

Author(s): Irena Stawowy-Kawka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2008

Kwestia upamiętnienia ofiar II wojny światowej na forum Bundestagu (2020–2022)

Author(s): Aleksandra Trzcielińska-Polus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article analyzes two projects for commemorating World War II victims in Berlin. The source basis are Bundestag documents, i.e., transcripts of plenary sessions, parliamentary questions and government responses, as well as draft resolutions and the resolutions themselves. This is because it is the responsibility of the Bundestag, among other things, to adopt the relevant resolutions on the basis of which the executive bodies implement plans to erect memorials to Nazi victims. The first project concerns a memorial of the Polish victims of the German occupation from 1939 to 1945 (Polen-Denkmal zum Gedenken an die polnischen Opfer der deutschen Besatzung 1939 bis 1945). The second is to document the German occupation throughout Europe (Dokumentationszentrum “Zweiter Weltkrieg und Besatzungsherrschaft”). The implementation of both projects was supported in the coalition agreement of 7.12.2021. However, comparing the pace of work on both projects, it should be noted that preparations for the Documentation Center project are progressing much faster and are finding more support in the government than the site for the commemoration of Polish victims.

Politycy z polskim tłem migracyjnym w Bundestagu: działalność Agnieszki Brugger i Paula Ziemiaka

Author(s): Aleksandra Kruk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

In the article career paths and the main ways of party activity are seen through the prism of evaluation of the articulation of political preferences and the creation of the political corps. The factual basis is the analysis of activity in German public space (mainly in the Bundestag) of politicians with a Polish migration background – Agnieszka Brugger (Alliance 90/The Greens) and Paul Ziemiak (CDU). The purpose of the article was to answer the question, how Brugger and Ziemiak, specialized in the area of international politics, are included in the identity of the represented political parties and formulate new propositions regarding the reaction to current and forecasted challenges and threats. The main points of their activities are given, including the ones related to prevention of the international crisis. In addition, the article aimed to assess whether the proposals of Brugger and Ziemiak fit in a classic image of the represented parties, or whether they influence beyond the typical framework and concern about influencing program transformation of the represented groups. The scale in which the politicians influence Polish-German relations was also evaluated.

Growing in the Shadow of Antifascism. Remembering the Holocaust in State-Socialist Eastern Europe

Author(s): Sara Berger / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2024

Review of Growing in the Shadow of Antifascism. Remembering the Holocaust in State-Socialist Eastern Europe. Hrsg. von Kata Bohu s, Peter Hallama und Stephan Stach. CEU Press. Budapest u. a. 2022. 340 S., Ill. ISBN 978-963-386-435-7. ($ 85,–.)

Afterword

Author(s): Anke Hilbrenner / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Modele przemian politycznych w regionie Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej

Author(s): Jacek Wojnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2021

The article discusses the issues of transformation processes in Central and Eastern Europe. The analysis took many factors into account: geographical, historical, political, political, social and economic. Internal and external premises decided about the course of political and political changes initiated at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. Classical political theories about the Transition to democracy were included. A research hypothesis was put forward that the traditions of democratic political institutions have a positive impact on the pace and extent of consolidation of the democratic system.

Sites of Memory in Czechoslovak Silesia 1945–1948

Author(s): Ondřej Kolář / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2024

The paper aims to describe and analyze the changes in public sites of memory in the multi-ethnic border region of Czechoslovak Silesia during the period of restoration of Czechoslovak sovereignty, between the fall of Nazism in May 1945 and the communist putsch in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. This research focuses on transformations and (dis)continuity of cults and symbols during that period, and on specifics and differences within the examined region with regard to ethnic and social structure of local population. Research is based primarily on the recorded agendas of state and district administrations, but preserved memorials and photographs or descriptions of vanished sites of memory also serve as important sources. After the expulsion of German population, the western part of the region was repopulated by settlers from various regions of East-Central Europe. Most of local German sites of memory vanished, with the partial exception of religious symbols and a few “apolitical” memorials. New monuments and memorials were dedicated mainly to personalities of Czech history in an effort to inculcate the “official” identity amongst the new-settlers. In the Ostrava coal basin, the new regime invoked the pre-war tradition of working-class identity and showed tolerance towards the sites of memory of the local Polish minority, except memorials related to the former Czech-Polish border conflicts. In the Hlučín region specifically, a strong pro-German narrative survived despite the “Czechization” efforts of state authorities. In general, the state-supported memory policy aimed to create the narrative of a “Slavic” and “socialist” Silesia, suppress the German past of the region, and weaken frictions between Czechs and Poles.

Prisiljavanje na rusifikaciju i borba Moskve protiv ukrajinskog jezika: povijesni kontekst

Author(s): Maryna Beesonova,Kateryna Shymkevych / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 8-9/2024

The article presents the historical aspect of the development of Russification as a particular policy of the Principality of Moscow and the Russian Empire towards the Ukrainian language and Ukrainians from the middle of the 17th century until today. Russification has different meanings in different sources and books, which affects the appearance of similar definitions such as „Russification,” „Zrosyshсhenia,” „Russification,” „Pomoscalenia,” Moskalization, „Moscowization.” Russification of Moscow/Russia, according to Ukrainians and the Ukrainian language, has several meanings – ideological, philological, and historical-political. Despite the harsh measures implemented by the Moscow/Russian government, the Ukrainian people and their language have shown remarkable resilience. Russification was realized using assimilation, the banning of the Ukrainian language, displacement, and deportation, mixed marriages, and deprivation of national identity and self-awareness. A major role in these processes was played by the Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, which existed since the 17th century as an assistant to total Russification and its spread to the Ukrainian people. Mandatory elements of Russification were the banning of Ukrainian literature and culture, the introduction of the Russian language in schools, the destruction of intellectuals, and anyone who fought against the Moscow/Russian and Soviet governments. These processes were characteristic of the Russian Empire and Soviet Ukraine, as well as in independent Ukraine, which Moscow now considers its territory. This is why Russia is trying to prove that the Ukrainian language, a rich and distinct culture, never existed as an independent one, and Ukrainians and their history are part of the Russian people and Russian history

Dziedzictwo jako proces kulturowych i społecznych negocjacji na przykładzie Oranu w Algierii

Author(s): Anna Barska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2023

The article refers to the difficult and complex history of the colonial and postcolonial times of Oran, a city in western Algeria, located on the Mediterranean Sea. A spatial and temporal perspective captures the nature of heritage creation and its role in reading the past, grappling with the present and imagining the future. The spatial and temporal inseparability, as well as the socio-cultural link between past and present, is clearly evident in the case of Oran.

TÜRK ÇAĞDAŞ SANATINI HAZIRLAYAN SÜREÇLER VE TÜRK YERLEŞTİRME SANATININ TOPLUMSAL VE KÜLTÜREL BELLEK EKSENİNDE GELİŞİMİ

Author(s): Begüm Canel Engin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 63/2024

In this article, where Installation Art in Turkish Plastic Arts is evaluated through the concept of social and cultural memory, the importance of space in Installation art is taken into account. The development of the political, social and economic factors in Turkey in the field of Plastic Arts in the early 1980s, which started in the 1960s and gained momentum in the 1970s, was evaluated. With these developments, it has been investigated how contemporary art preserves its traditional values and how it protects the history, religion, national and traditional values of the lands it owns. The initiatives he brought to Turkish art history at the international level were highlighted.

KOLEKTIVNA ILI INDIVIDUALNA KRIVICA I ŠTA NAKON ZLOČINA?

Author(s): Bernard Harbaš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2024

The paper deals with Hannah Arendt's attitude towards the concepts of collective and individual guilt with a special emphasis on her understanding of the discontinuation of criminal practice. The basic theoretical premise of Arendt's philosophy consists in the critique of work based on necessity and unfreedom. In contrast to work and production as non-free activities, she emphasizes action as a form of free activity that consists of communication between different but equal individuals. For Arendt, work and production are inherent in totalitarian political systems by their very nature. The basis of the totalitarian regime is automated and bureaucratic action, which is best demonstrated in the unquestioning execution of orders and respect for hierarchy. It identifies totalitarian projects with the evolutionary laws of nature, according to which the means is violence whereas the goal is survival of the fittest. Arendt attributes this type of relationship, characterized by the "absence of thought", to every criminal enterprise, such as mass murders, camps. This inability to criticize can be attributed to the individual or individuals, but not to the collective. For Arendt, the term collective guilt is a skillful concealment of individual responsibility and guilt.

ДЕКОЛОНІЗАЦІЯ СУСПІЛЬСТВА: УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ПОВОРОТ

Author(s): Polina Evaldivna Gerchanivska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of the study is to understand the process of decolonisation in independent Ukraine as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the context of strategic problems of modern state policy. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of historical and cultural analysis. The methodological core of the study is a comparative analysis of the process of decolonisation at different stages of its development. The scientific novelty consists in the conceptualisation of the process of decolonisation in Ukraine. The immanent essence of the phenomenon of decolonisation and the algorithm of its development are revealed, and the periodisation of this process is introduced into scientific circulation. Conclusions. The phenomenon of decolonisation in the chronotype is analysed. Firstly, it was found that the absence of an effective strategy for decolonisation policy at the first stage of the process significantly hindered the consolidation of Ukrainian society and the formation of Ukrainian identity. Secondly, as a result of the unclear tactics of decolonisation, certain difficulties (organisational and economic) arose in the practical implementation of decommunisation laws. Thirdly, because of the hostilities in Ukraine, public attention is focused on the strategy and tactics for the protection of national monuments, World Heritage sites, and their territories in the event of a threat of destruction or damage.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ СУЧАСНИХ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ІСТОРИЧНО-КУЛЬТУРНИХ СВІТОГЛЯДНИХ КОДІВ

Author(s): Nataliia Deviatko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2024

The article is devoted to the issues of actualization modern Ukrainian historical and cultural worldview codes. Natural national identity protects the individual from hostile manipulative influences. This is very important subject during hybrid wars. The worldview codes, which are the basis of national consciousness, are usually studied precisely through the prism of national self-awareness and identification. The basic worldview codes are realized through historical memory and culture. Often these implementations are interrelated. The purpose of the article is the study of modern actualization of the basic worldview codes, which are responsible for the national self-identification of a person and form the national cultural space. During hybrid and information wars, it is worldview codes that are subjected to the most powerful attacks from the enemy, because their deep change significantly affects the worldview and national identity of a person.

Попытка оживить прошлое. Метароман Алексея Макушинского „Город в долине”

Author(s): Antoni Bortnowski / Language(s): Russian Issue: 34/2024

This article explores the relationship between the past and the present in the meta-novel Town in Valley, written by Alexei Makushinsky, the Russian emigre author. The discussion focuses on the protagonist who makes an unsuccessful attempt to write a novel about the Russian Civil War. The aim of the article is to uncover the reasons and key aspects of the creative failure depicted by Makushinsky, addressing oppositions such as past vs. present, personal vs. historical, and memory vs. imagination. It also delves into the interactions between an author and a text, and ultimately, fiction and history. The main conclusions are that Town in Valley demonstrates the futility of using literary texts as tools to resurrect the past, and that fiction cannot replace memory or transform historical events into personal experiences. Artistic and historical elements can complement each other, but a complete synthesis is evidently impossible.

Hranice traumy / Možnosti solidarity. Odraz bieloruských udalostí rokov 2020 a 2021 v súčasnej bieloruskej dráme

Author(s): Romana Štorkova Maliti / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2024

What type of drama, and with what possibilities of expression, emerges in cultures constrained by power? How and what do playwrights who are forced to write anonymously and cannot count on seeing their plays performed in their own country write? Using the example of several dramatic texts by Belarussian contemporary playwrights (first of all we deal with the texts I will emerge from the forest, straighten my backbone, and it shall become my sword by noname67 and Half a Year by Victoria Koval) and theatrical projects that emerged in response to the suppressed protests in Belarus, the study presents the themes, motifs, and modes of narration of the events that will become part of the national history and memory as its traumatic experience.