Föltámadt-e Machiavelli?

Author(s): László Kupa / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Помирително правосъдие в България – ограничения на средата

Author(s): Rumen Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Some of the elements of a sustainable restorative justice politics will be presented – at the intersection of jurisdiction, law, education, social work, local governance, etc. An analysis of these will be suggested with the aim of a realistic planning of the change and of preserving its core values.

Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije. Nezvanični prečišćeni tekst

Author(s): Inela Hadžić / Language(s): Bosnian

Ovim zakonom uspostavlja se okvir za ostvarivanje jednakih prava i mogućnosti svim licima u Bosni i Hercegovini i uređuje sistem zaštite od diskriminacije. U skladu sa Ustavom Bosne i Hercegovine i međunarodnim standardima koji se odnose na ljudska prava i osnovne slobode, ovim zakonom utvrđuju se odgovornosti i obaveze zakonodavne, sudske i izvršne vlasti u Bosni i Hercegovini, kao i pravnih lica i pojedinaca koji vrše javna ovlaštenja (u daljnjem tekstu: nadležne institucije Bosne i Hercegovine), da svojim djelovanjem omoguće zaštitu, promovisanje i stvaranje uslova za jednako postupanje. [...]

Prijedlozi za unapređenje institucionalnih okvira zaštite i promocije ljudskih prava kroz reformu Institucije ombudsmena za ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

Institucija ombudsmena za ljudska prava Bosne i Hercegovine je centralna nezavisna institucija za zaštitu i promociju ljudskih prava. Imajući na umu da u Bosni i Hercegovini ne postoje druge institucije ombudsmanskog karaktera (npr. tematski ombudsmani), niti druge institucije za ljudska prava, kao što su fondacije ili vladine kancelarije za promociju civilnog društva, značaj Institucije ombudsmena za ljudska prava Bosne i Hercegovine je još veći. [...]

Proposals for the Improvement of the Institutional Framework for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights through the Reform of the Institution of Ombudsman for Human Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH is a central, independent institution for the protection and promotion of human rights. Having in mind that there are no other institutions of ombudsman nature in Bosnia and Herzegovina (e.g. thematic ombudsman), nor other institutions for human rights, such as foundations or government offices for the promotion of civil society, the importance of the Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH is even greater. [...]

Written Submission by Sarajevo Open Centre on the State of Women’s Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina to the 2015 Progress Report

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

This submission is short summary of the current developments, for more information, read a detailed Annual Report On The Human Rights of Women In Bosnia And Herzegovina In 2014, published by Sarajevo Open Centre and CURE Foundation on behalf of Women's Network BiH.

Recommendations to BiH Institutions on the Protection of LGBT human rights based on the First Regional LGBT Conference “Advancing the Human Rights of LGBT People in the Western Balkans”

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Sarajevo Open Centre and Open Society Fund BiH hosted a conference on December 16th, 2013 with the aim of sharing best practices for improving LGBT human rights in the Western Balkan region. Representatives from LGBT organizations and ombudsperson offices in BiH, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia were present, as well as those from international organizations, such as the OSCE Mission to BiH, the United Nations office in BiH, and some representatives of foreign embassies. We also invited all relevant BiH institutions such as Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees, the three members of the Presidency, human rights committees from multiple levels of parliaments, and the gender agency and entity gender centers. However, we received few responses and no one attended. We present a summary of lessons learned as a first step to transferring this experience to the local context, recognizing the fact that utilizing European Union integration processes is key for accomplishing all of the following recommendations.

Priručnik za tužioce za procesuiranje predmeta nasilja u porodici

Author(s): Vedran Alidžanović,Damir Čačković,Hajrija Hadžiomerović-Muftić,Advija Hajdo Balta,Šeila Heljić,Azra Ibrahimpašić,Dijana Kukobat,Siniša Marković,Žarko Milić,Suada Salkić,Edin Šaćirović / Language(s): Bosnian

Uvođenjem nasilja u porodici kao delikta u odgovarajuće krivične zakone u BiH, od 2003. godine započinju napori krivičnopravnih aktera, posebno nosilaca pravosudnih funkcija, na iznalaženju kvalitetnog i usklađenog pristupa i odgovora na nasilje u porodici; pristupa koji u konačnici treba dovesti do efikasnog kažnjavanja počinilaca i pružanja zaštite žrtvama nasilja u porodici. Policija, tužilaštvo i sudovi kao odgovorni za istraživanje, inkriminiranje i presuđivanje predmeta nasilja u porodici suočavaju se sa brojnim izazovima u radu. Kada je u pitanju postupanje tužilaca, između ostaloga, a prema svjedočanstvima praktičara: po pravilu nema specijalizacije u postupanju; predmetima se u većini slučajeva ne pristupa ažurno; postoji nerazumijevanje različitih elemenata ovog krivičnog djela i nedostatak optuživanja za sve prisutne oblike izvršenog nasilja, drskog ili bezobzirnog ponašanja u porodici; dolazi do čestih obustava istraga ili odustajanja od optužnice uslijed odbijanja oštećene-svjedoka da svjedoči; nedovoljne koordinacije tužilaštva i policije u provođenju istražnih radnji i dr. Postoji prepoznata potreba za unaprjeđenjem odgovora pravosuđa na nasilje u porodici. U kojoj mjeri će institucionalni represivni aparat na različitim nivoima organizacije vlasti u BiH biti spreman ponuditi efikasan pristup u rješavanju predmeta nasilja u porodici zavisiće od brojnih faktora. [...]

Lignje u sosu

Author(s): Dejan Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

Vlasti u australijskoj državi Viktorija otpustiće preko 40 policajaca ako se ne vakcinišu do petka. Vlasti u Srbiji pravdaju se da ne mogu uvesti obaveznu vakcinaciju za državne službenike i to ne za sve, nego recimo za lekare, policajce i nastavnike jer – šta će ako ljudi daju otkaz zato što neće da se vakcinišu? Da, zaista, šta će? Ista ta vlast deli otkaze državnim službenicima šakom i kapom ako ljudi na izborima odbiju da glasaju za nju. Režim u Srbiji održava se na glasovima državnih službenika. Državni službenici (dakle i policajci) jesu plaćenička – ako hoćete: izdajnička – vojska režima.

EU Supports the Ukrainian Justice System in the Face of War

Author(s): Stefania Kolarz / Language(s): English

The EU has joined forces with Ukraine, third countries and the International Criminal Court (ICC) to document crimes committed in Ukraine. It also has reformed Eurojust, the EU Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation, which was engaged on an unprecedented scale in the coordination of judicial activities of the Member States and organisational, training, and financial assistance to the Ukrainian prosecutor’s office and the ICC. Thanks to this, the agency has a chance to increase its importance at the EU level and become a permanent partner of international courts.

The Need for International Legislation Regarding the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education and Scientific Research

Author(s): Constanţa-Nicoleta Bodea,Adrian Vintila / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) represents artificial intelligence (AI) capable of creating new content, in different formats (text, images, audio, video, etc.), by applying large-scale machine learning models. The application of GenAI tools in different fields have led to intense debates within the professional communities, but also in the public space, regarding the performance ensured by the use of GenAI tools (ChatGPT, Gan.ai, CodeWP, DecorAI, SchoolAI, etc.), but also the aspects of the ethical and legal nature associated with the use of these tools. Education and scientific research represent two of the fields in which GenAI tools have been and are increasingly used today, causing real concerns, mainly in terms of ensuring the development of students' skills, on the one hand and respecting copyright and intellectual property rights, on the other hand. The European Parliament discussed a series of documents related to AI, documents that define a European approach to the use of AI systems. The paper aims to present the results of a study carried out by the authors about the ethical and legal implications of using GenAI in education and research. Also, the authors analyzed the European approach in AI systems, to establish to what extent it satisfies the regulatory requirements for the use of GenAI in the fields of education and scientific research and represents an appropriate starting point in defining the future European legislation in the field of AI.

The Relationship between EU Citizenship and the Right to Vote

Author(s): Gábor Kurunczi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the important questions of European integration and the history of the EU's development is whether the European community can move from an Europe of nations to the concept of a United States of Europe, and whether this is even a good goal for European integration. In a Europe unifying towards statehood, elections (and voting rights) must necessarily unify. This study examines the relationship between EU citizenship and the concept of electoral law (i.e. the definition of active and passive eligibility) – based on the analysis of the primary legal sources and the literature. In my opinion (based on my research), at the current stage of integration, it is not realistic to consider an alternative that would place EU citizenship (at least in terms of voting rights) alongside or even above national citizenship, either for European Parliament elections or for national parliamentary elections. However, while in the case of elections to the European Parliament there is a regulatory principle (namely nationality) which could at least be added to national citizenship as a kind of subsidiary rule, in the case of elections to national parliaments a change of the rules to an EU citizenship-based approach seems unthinkable.

Judicial Error in European Law

Author(s): George Marius Mara / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Because judicial activity involves a certain amount of risk, being carried out by people, the possibility of miscarriages of justice subsists in any legal system. However, hypotheses of judicial error, which essentially involve non-compliance with procedural or substantive law rules with serious consequences for citizens' rights and freedoms, impose a positive obligation on the State to repair the damage thus caused, since the State is the guarantor of an act of justice governed by the principle of fair trial. Since the activity of judges must enjoy the guarantees deriving from the principle of judicial independence, a direct action against the magistrate responsible for exercising his office with gross negligence or bad faith is not admissible. However, a subsidiary action is regulated in many European legal systems, and the possibility of triggering disciplinary liability mechanisms against the guilty magistrate can be found in any legal system. The research methods used in order to achieve this aim are the comparative method, the analytic and historical methods.

ОСТВАРУВАЊЕТО НА ПРАВОТО НА ЗДРАВСТВЕНА ЗАШТИТА КАКО ГАРАНЦИЈА ЗА ПОЧИТУВАЊЕ НА ЧОВЕКОВИТЕ ПРАВА НА ЛИЦАТА ЗАВИСНИ ОД ДРОГИ ВО ДЕМОКРАТСКИТЕ ОПШТЕСТВА

Author(s): Sofka Hadžijevska / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

Зависноста од дроги како општествен феномен постои уште многу одамна и е неодминлив процес од развојот на секое општество. Со оглед на штетните последици кои се јавуваат како резултат на користењето на дроги, зависноста од дроги речиси секогаш претставува негативна појава која го разорува не само поединецот туку и целокупното општество. Давајќи ѝ негативен предзнак на оваа општествена појава, на лицата кои користат дроги или на лицата кај кои е веќе развиена зависноста од дроги исто така се гледа како на непосакувани лица, отфрлени од општеството. Според тоа, иако гарантирањето и почитувањето на човековите слободи и права претставува темелна вредност на секое демократско општество и воопшто на градењето и функционирањето на демократските држави, лицата зависни од дроги најчесто се ограничени во остварувањето на своите права токму поради негативниот став на општеството кон нив. Со други зборови овие лица влегуваат во една од најмаргинализираните категории на лица, кои се соочуваат со социјална исклученост предизвикана од постоењето на предрасудите, стереотипите и високиот степен на дискриминација и стигматизација од страна на општеството. Иако голем дел од државите преземаат разновидни институционални мерки и активности за надминување на овој проблем, водејќи полиберални политики за дроги со цел да се подигне свеста на населението за овој секојдневен феномен, сепак фактот дека лицата зависни од дроги се ограничени во остварувањето на своите права, останува карактеристика на демократското општество. Не земајќи го предвид нарушувањето на личниот интегритет и достоинство на лицата зависни од дроги поради дискриминирачкиот однос од севкупното население, а во голем дел и од државниот апарат, овие лица првенствено имаат потреба од остварување на правото на здравствена заштита токму поради последиците кои користењето на дроги ги предиз- викува по здравјето на поединците од една страна и потребата од третман и лекување на зависноста од дроги од друга страна. Според тоа, остварувањето на правото на здравствена заштита од страна на државата, на -- лицата зависни од дроги не само што ќе им овозможи достоинствен и квалитетен живот, туку ќе придонесе и кон намалувањето на зависноста од дроги како масовна општествена појава.

Alternativne krivične sankcije iz ugla krivičnog prava

Author(s): Dejan Đorđević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Traditionally, the basic criminal sanction is imprisonment, which is why in many legal systems the branch of law that is traditionally designated as criminal law in our country is called criminal law. If they would consider the prison sentence as the basic or dominant criminal sanction, then they could relatively easily label all other criminal sanctions as alternative. One of the more current issues of criminal law is the issue of alternative criminal sanctions. Alternative criminal sanctions mean all those sanctions that are an alternative to the penalty of deprivation of liberty and which are also followed by the penalty of deprivation of liberty as an instrument to ensure compliance with the imposed alternative criminal sanction. When it comes to criminal sanctions, in order for a certain criminal sanction to be considered an alternative, the existence of a primary criminal sanction is necessary. In the paper, we talk about the advantages and characteristics of alternative criminal sanctions, as well as divisions based on various criteria and their role in criminal legislation.

Uslovni otpust i resocijalizacija

Author(s): Edis Bajić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Conditional release is a measure that aims to "bring to an end" the process of resocialization of the offender at liberty. According to the opinion of the majority of lawyers and penologists, this process starts from the moment of initiation of criminal proceedings against that person until the last measures taken by the state in order to resocialize him. These last measures can also be final treatments in penal institutions, in other institutions if it is a question of security measures, that is, in the case of the application of some of the alternative sanctions or measures. The decision to release a person on parole is made by the Parole Commission, which functions within the Ministry of Justice. In this paper, we will point out the characteristics of parole and its significance as a legal instrument in the process of resocialization of convicted persons.

Uloga i značaj sistema probacije za socijalnu integraciju osuđenih lica u društvenu zajednicu

Author(s): Husein Ljeljak,Edis Bajić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Probation refers to the implementation of sanctions and measures in the community that are defined by the Law and that are applied to offenders. Also, probation implies a system of activities and interventions that include supervision, guidance and assistance, all with the aim of social integration of convicted persons as well as contributing to public safety. The institute of probation has been known and applied by numerous developed democratic societies for more than 170 years. Probation, in the most general terms, is treatment at liberty, as a rule conditional. The probation system has taken root in the countries of the region in the last thirty years. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, work is being done rapidly on the education of penological staff and on changing and adapting the laws related to this area. The goal of this work is to highlight the role and significance of the probation system and alternative criminal sanctions in the non-institutional treatment of perpetrators of criminal acts and their resocialization within the community.

По някои въпроси за българското обичайно наследствено право

Author(s): Neli Radeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Bulgarian common lawis an integral part of the history of the Bulgarian state and law. In the Middle Ages, a number of researchers of the problem assumed that inheritance in our country took place in a way that was regulated by the Croatian and Russian sources, namely, by custom, only the sons, not the daughters, of the testator inherited. This was also preserved in the years of Ottoman rule, when only sons and male descendants inherited. In most Bulgarian lands, daughters and female descendants did not inherit. They were entitled to receive clothing and a dowry. After the Inheritance Law of 1890 came into force in Bulgaria, daughters were given the right to inherit the property of their deceased father. Despite the right recognized by law, the people did not approve of this. The usual provisions governing the division of the father's property are also diverse.

DJECA U SUKOBU SA ZAKONOM U PRAVOSUDNOM SISTEMU CRNE GORE

Author(s): Valentina Smolović,Mitar Radonjić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The Act on treatment of minors in criminal proceedings, which is a specialized legal act in the legal system of Montenegro, provides for special protection measures for children as participants in criminal proceedings, including children who are victims of a criminal act, as well as child witnesses. The judicial system of Montenegro respects all international conventions related to the rights of children and their protection, which also indicates the dedication of society itself to this increasingly challenging problem in the 21st century. In the paper, we will point out the specifics of the Law on Treatment of Minors in Criminal Proceedings of Montenegro, as well as the difficulties and challenges that the justice system faces in working with juvenile offenders, as well as their resocialization in educational institutions

Правно тълкуване и/ или изкуствен интелект

Author(s): Georgi Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the challenges that the changed reality of life poses to law, its interpretation and application. It focuses on technological progress and the interaction of law with artificial intelligence. On the one hand, there are the indisputable benefits of artificial intelligence, and on the other - the need to preserve the human nature and adaptability of law, most clearly expressed in the interpretation activity. The fundamental question is addressed: Should artificial intelligence replace interpretation in law, or is a functional balance possible?