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A new era for labour migration in the GCC?

Author(s): Philip L. Martin,Froilan T. Malit / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), are among the most dependent on foreign workers to fill private-sector jobs. A combination of lower oil prices and rapid native labour force growth has given new impetus to efforts to diversify GCC economies away from oil and encourage natives to fill private sector jobs. This article summarizes the current status of foreigners and foreign workers in GCC countries and considers several scenarios, including maintaining the status quo, improving protections for foreign workers in countries of destination (CODs) and countries of origin (COOs), and changing the current migration system to employ fewer and more skilled workers.

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THE FACTORS CREATING INTERNET SHOPS’ IMAGE IN THE OPINION OF “YOUNG ADULTS”

Author(s): Leszek Gracz / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2015

The purpose of the paper is presenting and analyzing the image of online stores as perceived by “young adults”. The image of online stores in the opinion of “young adults” is most of all created by the means of opinions of others (both close friends and anonymous internet users), interactivity of the web page and good contact with seller and own positive experiences from the past. Factors of medium importance are availability of various payment methods, easy to read and understand terms of use, possibility of picking up the product in stationary place and independent quality certificate. Factors that have lesser importance are web design and availability of credit.

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E-PRODUKT W NOWOCZESNEJ FIRMIE

Author(s): Daniel Szostak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2015

E-products are an effect of innovative enterprises activities in the modern market. E-products are connected with Internet and another modern electronic distributions channels. Modern firms create new electronic product because of meeting clients needs. A lot of people want to find all products in Internet. Every year more and more people buy more products using modern distributions channels, not only Internet, but television channels, cell phones nets etc. Internet is changing and more firms use new internet tools to create new relationship with their clients and market rivals. For example, we can find a thousands firms who live and function only in facebook. This kinds of firms have own clients who have specific needs. This is e new virtual world. Facebook firms create and provide classical e-products witch are only virtual. The purposes of this paper are focus on problems connected with how to set-up e-products in the modern contemporary virtual market.

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Nation Branding in A Transnational Marketing Context: Serbia’s Brand Positioning Through Food and Wine

Author(s): Evinç Doğan,Goran Petković / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Food and gastronomic values of a country are distinguished assets in marketing places. The aim of this article is exploring the ways in which Serbia rebrands itself through promoting the local food and culture and positions the nation brand in a transnational marketing context. The key concepts for this research originate from the literature in place marketing and branding. The gastronomic offer is an instrument shaping people’s perceptions about Serbia that is represented and communicated through values, narratives and manifestations. Accordingly, semiotics is adopted for analysing the data, which builds on three levels: axiological, narrative and discursive. Content analysis is used as a supportive method to infer meanings from codes and to determine emerging themes overarching the units of meaning. The tourism marketing strategy of The National Tourism Organization of Serbia (TOS) is closely examined through the touristic promotion materials (i.e. catalogues, posters, Soul Food video). In sum, the analysis results reveal how the country branding strategy of Serbia is handled in terms of the impact on the perceptions with a focus on food as a tourist attraction. The research is valuable for place-marketers, strategists, governments, and scholars from different fields of academia.

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Food and wine tourism and urban local development

Author(s): Gabriele Di Francesco / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Food and wine tourism in Italy is characterized by the reference to natural foods and to the history of the cities. For most of the foods the bond with the territories and especially with the cities was and is crucial. Always food, typically produced in a family business, have the same name of the cities, as if the city was the real corporate brand of taste. This city brand is often copied in many countries of the world to product industrial supplies that have a wide commercial distribution. These products are impossible to reproduce. They are the result of the combination of local products, craft skills, bonds with legendary or real historical events. The reflection on the food and wine tourism and urban development, comes from these assumptions. With a socio-anthropological approach, some methods and qualitative techniques were used, as the historical comparative method, document analysis and participant observation. These methods were applied to investigate three different Italian towns that gave the name to three foods: Marino, with the wine festival, Fabriano with its production of salami and Ascoli Piceno with the production of the Ascoli olive. The Marino Grape Festival is based on legendary events, on the presence of ancient vineyards, on the representation in the style of 1500s square machines. In Fabriano is produced a famous salami dates back to medieval times, reproduced in paintings and frescoes and handed down to us with a disciplinary unchanged. Ascoli Piceno has given its name to a prized food preparation called Oliva Ascolana. Marino has thousands of visitors every year to drink and buy wine and to participate in the grape and wine festivals. Fabriano has a tourism that seeks the history, architecture, art and the taste of his salami. The Ascoli olive stuffed with meat and spices is great tourist vehicle to Ascoli Piceno.

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KONSUMENT NA JEDNOLITYM RYNKU CYFROWYM

Author(s): Anna Dąbrowska,Mirosława Anoś-Kresło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

Creation of a digital single market is an important area of activity of the European Union, which recognizes the key role of ICT and technology in the lives of economies and societies. The objective of the paper is to show the action undertaken by the EU commission aimed at creation of a digital single market. The concept is based on a multi-dimensional theoretical approach, using different explanatory factors such as documents, studies and the EU legislation, including Polish legal framework. It has been shown that the level of development of digitization is not the same in all Member States. The author pointed to the priorities of building a digital single market, which are: better access to digital products and services, creating conditions for the development of networks and digital services, creating European digital economy and digital society with long-term growth potential as well as to its key factor - the security of the Internet.

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ZACHOWANIA KONSUMENTÓW NA RYNKU MARKOWEJ ODZIEŻY

Author(s): Joanna Newerli-Guz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

Intense competition in the clothes market causes a big activity of both producers and consumers. One of response from the manufacturers' side is fast fashion – the supply of clothing products to stores in the shortest possible time, resulting in the existence of up to 20 subseasons during one year. Consumers’ response to it are both more frequent purchases, as well as looking for cheaper sources of branded products. One of them is the second-hand shops or outlets. On the clothes market there is a growing group of consumers of branded apparel products, for which the high price is not a barrier in buying. Many factors determine consumer behavior on clothing market, among them is the brand of these products. The aim of the paper is to assess the buying behavior of the selected group of respondents and the impact of brand clothing products to these behaviors. The study was conducted on a 220-person sample.

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ZMIANY NAWYKÓW ŻYWIENIOWYCH W ZACHOWANIACH DEKONSUMPCYJNYCH

Author(s): Wanda Patrzałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

The purpose of the paper is the analysis of changes in eating habits in the context of the use of elimination diets associated with deconsumption as one of the most important contemporary trends in consumer behavior. The paper uses the results of research conducted under the supervision of the author on the causes associated with the use of vegetarian diets and consumption patterns among Wroclaw vegetarians. The research, carried out by diagnostic survey method, attempts to determine sourcing information about vegetarian food, as well as the structure of products appearing in the diet of vegetarians. The specificity of consumption among Wroclaw vegetarians is related to the nutritional changes of Poles, connected with the use of their diet, indicated in national CBOS research.

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ZACHOWANIA KONSUMPCYJNE KOBIET PRZEZ PRYZMAT ZMIAN ZACHODZĄCYCH W OTOCZENIU MARKETINGOWYM

Author(s): Joanna Pikuła-Małachowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

The paper presents some issues concerning changes in female consumer behavior. The article is based on literature review within marketing and consumer behavior and results of research derived from secondary sources. The objective of the paper is to begin a discussion about the needs of contemporary women, their ways of making customer choices and methods of building communication policy of the products targeted to them.

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KONSUMPCJONIZM NA RYNKU KOSMETYKÓW

Author(s): Agnieszka Rybowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

Cosmetics market is one of the fastest growing segments of the Polish economy. It offers to the consumer newer, more attractive products. The objective of the paper is to determine attitudes of consumers on the cosmetic products market, with particular emphasis on consumer attitudes. The research conducted among residents of The Tricity [the cities of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot] confirmed purchasing surpluses of cosmetic products. Such behavior has been found among the young people, especially women, which led to the verification a stereotype of women acquiring products in surpluses. Consumptionism was confirmed among consumers of cosmetic products.

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INNOWACJE ARCHITEKTONICZNE W POLSKIM HANDLU A ZACHOWANIE KONSUMENTÓW

Author(s): Grażyna Śmigielska,Karolina Orzeł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

In the paper the concept of architectonical innovations has been applied to retailing, acknowledging that these are the new forms of retail business which has been accepted by the consumers. The paper indicates the key characteristics of the development of these forms of retail and the dynamic of their development in Poland after 1989. The attempt to identify the relationship between their development and the consumer behavior has been made, identifying basic trends in this scope.

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SENIORZY JAKO ADRESACI DZIAŁAŃ MARKETINGOWYCH PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW W POLSCE

Author(s): Magdalena Dołhasz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

Changes in the demographic structure of Polish society, the emigration of young people and an increase in the proportion of older people consequently lead to an increase in the segment of seniors, who are interested in product innovation, which should have consequences for future marketing innovation, particularly in marketing communications of enterprises. A diverse segment of seniors has a free decision marking fund, is longer active professionally. These are consumers free from many obligations, having many plans for the future. Therefore their buying behavior should be analyzed. The objective of the paper is to characterize seniors as a group of consumer of marketing actions of companies.

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ZACHOWANIA PROSUMPCYJNE I ETNOCENTRYCZNE KONSUMENTÓW NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNYCH - WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA

Author(s): Magdalena Maciaszczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

Consumers' behaviors are a subject to constant transpositions. On the one side they are modeled by the constant development of teleinformatic technologies and dynamic changes observed on the market. On the other side the consumers' behaviors give a real boost and contribute to new transformations. The paper presents trends of physically disabled consumers' behaviors that appear or are increasing in the contemporary consumer society in the context of the tendency of digitization of social relations. The first phase of conducted research proved that disabled consumers more and more often demonstrated tendencies for prosumerism by expressing opinions and expectations via community portals, internet forums and web pages of producers. There is a good reason for choosing the group of disabled people as the subject of dissertations - it is a very numerous group, both in Poland, as well as in the world and this group is still not exhaustively described in the literature of the subject.

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PODRÓŻUJĄCE RODZINY, CZYLI JAK TOWARZYSTWO DZIECI RÓŻNICUJE ZACHOWANIA KONSUMENTÓW TURYSTÓW

Author(s): Renata Seweryn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

The purpose of the paper is to answer the question whether there is a difference between the behaviors of people travelling with children and the behaviors of other tourists. Using the information coming from the research into tourist traffic in the city of Kraków, conducted in 2014, there are specified (using Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson’s X2 test) the statistically significant differences of behaviors of these two groups of tourists visiting the city. The obtained results allow to conclude that families with children more often than other tourists: are guiding in the choice the destination by the opinion of the family and by the knowledge coming from school, are travelling for the relaxation and cognitive reasons or to visit relatives, are staying at the tourist reception area by about a week, are arranging the travel themselves, are travelling by car and are choosing the hotels or the private lodgings/apartments as a place of accommodation.

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THE IMPACT OF INCOME AND PLACE OF LIVING ON HEALTH BEHAVIORS IN A RANGE OF ORAL HYGIENE ON THE BASIS OF THE SURVEYED PATIENTS

Author(s): Leszek Gracz,Jolanta Świderska / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2015

The aim of research was to determine patients’ health behaviors in the range of oral hygiene regarding their income and place of living. Study included 180 patients, 90 women and 90 men, aged 35-44 from a big city, smaller cities and villages of West Pomerania region. Dental examination was performed, which allowed to evaluate oral health state. Questionnaire including utilization of dental services, oral hygiene and access to dental services was completed by patients. Vast majority of women and men brush their teeth twice a day, however women more often than men brush their teeth after every meal. Regardless of the place of living men more often than women use electric toothbrushes, mouthwash and fluoride toothpaste. Patients with higher education utilize various advanced dental products.

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RODZAJE I WPŁYW DZIAŁAŃ MARKETINGOWYCH KREUJĄCYCH LOJALNOŚĆ KLIENTÓW FIRMY TELEKOMUNIKACYJNEJ

Author(s): Maria Grzybek,Wiesław Szopiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

The aim of the paper is to present clients’ opinions on marketing activities aimed at building customer loyalty realized in a post providing telecommunications services, based in the city of Rzeszów. Empirical studies with a usage of a survey questionnaire were conducted among individual customers. The research results are presented by place of residence, gender, age and customers’ education. The interpretation of the data was made using an inductive-deductive method. On the basis of the research it can be stated that the company has realized five types of activities aimed at creating customer loyalty. Most appreciated by clients were personalized counseling and company representatives’ constant contact with customers. Further, to the same degree, were valued: courteous and professional service and expanding loyalty programs range. A manifestation of surveyed customers’ loyalty was not only a longer time of services use but also recommending the place to friends and family.

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WZORCE MĘSKOŚCI W KOMUNIKACJI MARKI

Author(s): Monika Hajdas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/2015

Gender and concerning it social roles are often used in the brand communication. However, the patterns of femininity and masculinity are changing and if brands want to stay relevant for the consumers, they should reflect those changes in their communication. The paper is based on literature studies on research on patterns of masculinity and their use in marketing, semiotic analysis on the changing patterns of masculinity in popular culture and content analysis of advertising in terms of presented patterns of masculinity.

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PRAKTYKA INFORMOWANIA O JAKOŚCI PRODUKTÓW W REKLAMIE TELEWIZYJNEJ

Author(s): Robert Maik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/2015

The paper addresses the issues of the presence of information concerning the quality of products in the content of advertisements. Consumer expectations towards products and services in the pre-purchase phase cane cover a wide range and a different degree of relevance. However the results of the author’s previous researches show that among different basic consumer expectations, the expectations concerning the quality of products are, besides price expectations, the most important. Do the advertisers take such expectations into consideration? The information function of the advertisement is pointing to the legitimacy of putting information about the quality of advertised products into adverts. What is the real practice? The paper is an attempt to identify this problem. One of the most popular classic advertising forms, a TV commercial, is the subject of the considerations.

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ODDZIAŁYWANIE REKOMENDACJI BLOGERÓW NA ZAMIAR DOKONANIA ZAKUPÓW W INTERNECIE U MŁODYCH DOROSŁYCH

Author(s): Małgorzata Budzanowska-Drzewiecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/2015

The paper contains the results of own research relating to the use of blogger recommendations when making purchasing decisions by people aged 15–25. A survey involving 299 students as participants is analyzed. The results show that the use of blogger recommendations depends on the involvement of the readers in reading a blog. Moreover, it is determined that the perception of the usefulness of bloggers’ recommendations influences the attitude towards shopping online.

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BADANIE I KREOWANIE SATYSFAKCJI OBYWATELA/KLIENTA W ADMINISTRACJI PUBLICZNEJ – MOŻLIWOŚCI I OGRANICZENIA

Author(s): Anetta Pukas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2015

Customer satisfaction has been the subject of research and discussion of both researchers and practitioners for decades. Only in recent years there has been an extreme increase of interest in this issue also among public sector organisations in the world, including Poland. The satisfaction research of citizen/customer in the public services sector is not easy to conduct because of the nature of the client, as well as the nature of public services. The objective of the paper is to identify methods of research and creation of customer satisfaction in Polish public administration sector, and to identify capabilities and limitations associated with managing customer satisfaction in public services. Realizing the objective of the paper there are identified methodological possibilities and limitation of satisfaction research in this sector as well as practical examples of creating citizen/customer satisfaction from Polish market, based on desk research analysis are presented.

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