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Translation and Gender in Children’s Fiction

Author(s): Liudmilla Miteva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2000

The purpose of this article is to show what changes occur when translating children’s fiction from a formal gender system language into a semantic gender system language and vice versa. Children’s fiction was chosen for the abundance of examples that it provides and for the vividity of those examples. Moreover, in this type of fiction, the presence and the type of gender are often more than significant and so the rendition of one and the same text from one language into another poses interesting and challenging problems for the translator. Now I will briefly present two opinions on the gender systems of languages.

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Žánr biografie a proměna chápání dějinnosti

Author(s): Václav Sixta / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2018

This contribution investigates the relation between biography as a genre and changes in the understanding of historicity which took place in Late Modernism. The author introduces various theoretical inspirations based on the texts of Gilles Deleuze and Françoise Hartog, which could help us grasp the shift in approaching the category of time in Late Modernism. These inspirations are then applied to various forms of biography in current culture of remembrance. Materials the author analyses include for instance biographic series of various publishers, a collection of biographies of Václav Havel, campaign of the Kefírer brand, or project Opráski Sčeskí Historje. These materials are studied from the perspective of their relation to the past which they can help create. The author asks whether these sources deal with national history oriented towards future or with nostalgic recollections devoid of substantive social content. In conclusion, the author proposes a typology of relations to the past as mediated by biographies and offers an explanation of success of this genre within the current culture of remembrance.

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COPYWRITERS VS WRITERS - CHALLENGING INTERFACES UNDER FOCUS

Author(s): Alexandra Georgiana Sălcianu / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

The study is focused on analyzing the multiple interconnections between two professions that involve creativity in generating products of the written communication type, namely those of a copywriter in advertising, and of a fiction writer, respectively. It is maintained that this is a two-way process, within which one can identify recurrent elements and individual specificity, all linked in dynamic, sometimes difficult-to-grasp, manners. A range of features and skills, typical for both the literary creations, and the advertising domain copy authors, are selected from the existing multidisciplinary literature of the field, which are commented upon with a view to providing a range of aspects that could be of interest, not only in terms of literary criticism, but also at a more pragmatic level, that of educating the main stakeholders as far as the choice of high quality impacting advertising solutions are concerned. Exemplifications are provided - mostly from English speaking settings, of professional repositioning, from the copywriting job towards that of writing fiction, or the other way round, which are discussed in order to decipher their subtle mutual interferences.

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POETIC LANGUAGE AS A MARK OF THE AUTHOR OF AUTOFICTIONAL DISCOURSE: THE CASE OF HERTA MULLER’S THE LAND OF GREEN PLUMS

Author(s): Violeta–Teodora Lungeanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

Considered as a double positioned discourse, in relation both to reality and fiction, autofiction adheres to an unrestricted utterance, tending to an associative writing, which doesn’t always represent an authentic personal history of the author, but which can lead to an emersion of the one who writes – inscripteur, as Dominique Maingueneau calls it – through a series of stylistic marks. What seems at first glance missed expression, in apparent disorder, becomes a discursive mark of the author and should be considered a stylistic imprint of the discourse producer. From this point of view, Herta Muller’s autofictional writings bring into light the metamorphosis of language, due to its poetic dimensions. Her texts become a form of communication both relevant for the inner self and for the world outside. The present study aims to analyze the way in which the language of the autofictional discourse can trace the speaking subject - community relation and take part to the difficult process of identity reconstruction.

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REINTERPRETING PATRICIA HEARST’S KIDNAPPING STORY BY PSYCHOLOGICALLY MIRRORING IT WITH SUSAN CHOI’S 2003 “AMERICAN WOMAN”

Author(s): Ștefania Elena Degeratu / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

The present paper does not intend to contradict FBI-led investigations which claimed the possibility that Patricia Hearst deliberately committed acts of violence in parallel with the brainwashing procedure she might have endured during her disappearance. Indeed, it will support Susan Choi’s initiative in granting Patricia the presumption of innocence not because she would not have voluntarily participated in a number of armed robberies in which she assumed various roles generated by the needs of the radicals, but because the explanation for her decision not to escape when she might have noticed such an opportunity, triggers old and unhealed wounds in her past. What no one took into account in all the investigations carried out against her or in her favor, was the likelihood that the lack of real maternal, paternal, and conjugal affection that she experienced during her childhood, have irremediably left their mark on her personality as an adult. Therefore, since Susan Choi’s literary protagonist, Pauline, is a reflection of Patricia Campbell Hearst, I allow myself, through the association of the two characters, to primarily penetrate the nets of their childhood. The analysis that follows thus represents the core of a teenager's revolt against her parents.

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THE MARAÑUELA FLOWER. GENERAL BALLADS OF THE CANARY ISLANDS, VOLUME I BY DIEGO CATALÁN

Author(s): Carmen-Elena ȘTEFĂNESCU (POGONICI) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

"El Romancero" is a very well-known literary genre in Spanish oral literature. Many authors have been engaged in the collection of romances and ballads and their study, but in this article we will deal with one of the most important Spanish collections, quite complete for the time in which it was drawn up, the first collection of romances and ballads collected from the entire territory of the Canary Islands. Diego Catalán is the one who handled the coordination of their editing, the historical analysis of the origin, transmission and collection of romances from the islands, from the 18th century until the moment of publication, but also the compilation of some of them, an activity he did- together with his family. "La flor de la marañuela. Romancero general de las Islas Canarias, Volume I" is part of the "Romance Collection Archive" - Archivo del Romancero, an archive which today constitutes the complete universal fund of this type of oral literature and which the well- known folklorist Ramón Menéndez Pidal, the author's grandfather, had started with his wife and which, with his death, reverts to the task of Diego Catalán to conserve, catalog and publish it.

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MAGDA CÂRNECI’S FEM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A ROMANIAN FEMINIST NOVEL TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH AND FRENCH

Author(s): Alexandra-Maria Vrînceanu / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

The article is a comparative analysis of a feminist novel written by one of the few Romanian feminist authors, Magda Cârneci, and translated both by a female translator (Florica Courriol) into French, as well as by a male translator (Sean Cotter) into English. Therefore, not only is it a rare piece of Romanian feminist writing that managed to make it into the mainstream, but it also provides a chance to assess the strategies employed by the two translators. Are they true to the feminist imagery and raw-style storytelling? In attempting to answer this question, the analysis takes into account both the translated texts and the translators’ backgrounds (ideology, education, experience in translation and/or writing, etc.).

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THE LEGEND IN THE ORAL EPIC FROM THE LEAOTA AREA – NORTHERN DÂMBOVIȚA

Author(s): Aurora ALBESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

In the space of Romanian literary folklore categories, a well-defined space is occupied by non-ritual creations, namely: aphoristic and enigmatic literature, types of popular prose (fairy tale, stories, legend, snow), epic song, lyrical song and cries. Among the difficulties of a terminological nature, which folklore has recorded, there are also those raised by the name given to the category of popular stories called legends today. In general, the species of the epic genre in prose have provoked numerous discussions over time, regarding not only the delimitation of these categories, but also the specification of the specific features of each of them. Ever since Simion Florea Marian (1892), the semantic ambiguity that surrounds the types of popular prose can be observed, and the attempt to strictly define the notions of fairy tale, story, legend, snoavă, runs into the interpenetration of the semantic spheres of the concepts. Therefore, as a type of oral narrative, as an ethnological fact, as an act of communication and as a speech, the legend can be viewed from the perspective of the wider ensemble of oral narratives in prose, along with fairy tales, stories (marking the next genre by recognizing some characteristics common to all the mentioned species and, by opposition, the drawing of specific differences, the delimitation of distinguishing marks). So, compared to its „classic" aspect - as it results from folklore collections and folklore studies – the repertoire of oral narratives has changed. The authority of the old models has diminished, a fact evident in: the alteration of the models, the reduced frequency with which the old forms appear, especially the fairy tale and the epic song, the change of language, the substitution of the mythical fabulous by a magical fabulous, the interest in the strange and sensational.

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MIHAIL SEBASTIANʹS VISION OF THE ROMANIAN INTERWAR NOVEL

Author(s): Maria-Nicoleta Pop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2023

Mihail Sebastian was not only a professional, but also a capable ideologist of the Romanian interwar novel. He had the intention of grouping all the remarks and ideological points of view in a comprehensive work devoted entirely to Romanian writing. Unfortunately, this project was not carried out. However, the writer's conception of the novel can be found in the numerous essays that were later included in the volume Esseuri. Cronici. Memorial. The present study is intended to be an analysis of Mihail Sebastian's critical studies on the Romanian interwar novel.

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"На прощаване" в типологията на лирическите жанрове

Author(s): Alexandar Panov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article analyzes Hristo Botev's poem „Farewell in 1868“, tracking the different genre paradigms to which it can be referred. Adopting the thesis that the typology of lyrical genres is mainly determined by the performative character of lyrical discourse, the author clarifies the discursive characteristics of the poem. It is established that the appellative nature of the „message“, as the poem is in appellative form, is only an artistic convention. The real communicative purpose of the literary text is not appellative, but declarative, and wants to achieve the joining of the perceiving community to the value system and value architectonics of the world shared by the lyrical hero. This discursive analysis allows to determine the place of the poem in the typology of lyrical genres.

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Ковид-19 в литературата: между фикцията, сравненията и дневниковото

Author(s): Amelia Licheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The text will attempt to see texts of different genres that seek to make sense of the pandemic experienced. Some of these will be in the genre of diaries and will rely on the documentary, others will be keyed to comparisons with the Spanish flu and the plague, others will open up to the experience as a kind of moral catharsis or anti-utopian visions.Among the authors considered will be Ali Smith, Maggie O'Farrell, Gonzalo M. Tavareš, Zachary Karabashliev, Vladimir Zarev, Teodora Dimova.Literary visions will also be looked at from the perspective of philosophy and futurology.

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SELF - EXPRESSION : FROM AUTOBIOGRAPHY TO AUTOFICTION

Author(s): Alina Mușat / Language(s): French Issue: 33/2023

The aim of this paper is to reflect on the writing of oneself in Doubrovsky’s The Broken Book and Alain Robbe-Grillet’s Romanesques. This article offers a reflection on the issue of autofiction; this concept is shown a growing interest in the sphere of contemporary French literature. Critics struggle to accept a single definition while self-fiction writers have divergent practices. A permanent tension between two different "poles", autobiography and fiction, keeps an oscillating whole in the balance: the childhood story is fragmentary and imaginary, while multiple "proofs" are provided to accredit the fictional character. The questioning of the canonical genre serving as a starting point - the ambition of a "new autobiography" after the "new novel".

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ROMA IMAGOLOGY IN THE ROMANIAN WAR NOVEL OF THE INTERWAR PERIOD

Author(s): Iuliana-Gabriela Blăjan (Popa) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

A figure strongly used as a representation in the narrative body of the novels thematically dedicated to the First World War belongs to the millennial slave, whose imagological configuration quasi-monopolizes reproachable attitudes and behaviors, with predominantly negative connotations. Although the exonym "Gypsy" remains an overly tabooed noun in discourses on otherness, in the narrative syntax of these novels its use has a double symbolic value, each equally important, also because it justifies the choice of the exonym "Gypsy" over the ethnonym "Roma". On the one hand, in the artistic imagery of these novels, the exonym consistently attached to the character undoubtedly perpetuates specific myths, symbols, negative clichés and utopias; on the other, it serves as testimonial evidence of the prejudices associated with this minority ethnic group, regularly subjected to hostile, derogatory perceptions. The writers of the period in question not only plasticize anachronistic mental patterns existing in the social frameworks of the time, preferring a certain interpretative model of the subject in question, but also propagate, through their artistic work, an artificially simplified imagology of Gypsy identity. Although the ethnicity of the Gypsy/Roma is an ignored or peripheralised subject in humanist scholarly research in the native area, it is by no means irrelevant. The present study identifies the way in which Gypsy otherness is constructed in the source novels from type-images, through imagological connections between social, historical and mythological imaginaries. As a result, the literary-artistic imaginary demonstrates both the interdisciplinarity of the subject, through the indestructible link between history and literature, as well as the largely unchanged framework in which Roma imagology is fixed.

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AROMANIAN FOLKLORIST IOAN D. CARAGIANI

Author(s): Mirela Averikios / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

Ioan Caragiani is the first to publish poems from Aromanian folklore in Romania. He resorted to the testimony of folklore, insofar as it preserved the memory of the Vlachs, highlighting the Aromanian origin of the toponyms in their native localities. The study of language and folklore thus became not only an occupation, but also a patriotic duty for the folklorist Caragiani. As he himself declares, he collected from his pilgrimages through the lands inhabited by Aromanians many folk songs; he selected ten of them and published them in the Aromanian dialect in the journal Convorbiri literare. Although few in number, these popular poems are the first published in the Romanian press and open the way to extensive further research. Only after two decades would Pericles Papahagi publish his first collection of Aromanian folklore Cântece de leagăn la macedoromâni, and in 1900 he published the vast folk collection Din literatura poporană a aromânilor, in which it will include a large part of the poems collected by Caragiani.

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THE POLITICS OF CLASS IN VICTORIAN LITERATURE – AN OVERVIEW

Author(s): Laurențiu Boșog / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

Issues of social class make up an inescapable part of reality. As fiction tends to be used to reflect reality, shining various spotlights on issues that plague it, social class and class consciousness inevitably become part of the literary discourse. In this article we will take a quick look at manifestations of class related discourse in Victorian literature, using the works of authors such as Charles Dickens, George Eliot and Henry James as examples.

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SOCIAL DYNAMICS AND ROMANTIC PURSUITS IN JANE AUSTEN’S EMMA: EXPLORING STATUS, COMPETITION, PRIVACY AND MARRIAGES

Author(s): Gina-Geta Fojica-Chiroiu / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

In Jane Austen’s Emma, social status plays a significant role in the characters’ lives, particularly for the protagonist, Emma Woodhouse. Emma, a wealthy and privileged young woman, believes that no man is worthy of her hand in marriage due to her high social standing. Meanwhile, Harriet Smith and Jane Fairfax, both lacking in social status and fortune, face limited marriage prospects. Emma, influenced by her own vanity, attempts to shape Harriet’s destiny by discouraging her from accepting a proposal from a suitable farmer, Mr. Martin, and instead encouraging her to pursue a match with the respected but uninterested Mr. Elton. Emma’s misguided meddling continues as Harriet develops feelings for Emma’s close friend, Mr. Knightley, whom Emma believes is far above Harriet’s social station. In contrast, Jane Fairfax, despite her lack of fortune, is highly accomplished and educated, making her a potential match for higher social status. Ultimately, Austen pairs Harriet with Mr. Martin, the most suitable partner for her, and rewards Jane’s intelligence and accomplishments by uniting her with Frank Churchill, a man of similar social standing. Throughout the novel, competition arises among the female characters, driven by Emma’s vanity and desire for control. However, these competitions serve a purpose, leading Emma to confront her true feelings for Mr. Knightley and ultimately find her own happiness. This article also explores the influence of privacy and courtship rules in the novel which represent a mirror for the social interactions in the eighteen century. The characters’ visits and social gatherings reveal levels of intimacy and attachment. Misunderstandings arise due to the characters’ inability to express their feelings openly. The novel features six marriages, some successful and others influenced by social status or misguided matchmaking attempts. Ultimately, the story highlights the importance of genuine love, social conventions, and clear communication in relationships.

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"TRAJTIME ÇËSHTJESH TEORIKE DHE STUDIMORE TË KRIJIMTARISË LETRARE GOJORE"

Author(s): Leontina Gega-Musa / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 52/2022

Review of: Myzafere Mustafa,“Veçori të krijimtarisë letrare gojore – Qasje teorike dhe interpretim”, botoi: Instituti Albanologjik, Prishtinë, 2022; 314 f.

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POET I REVOLTËS EKZISTENCIALE DHE I DHIMBJES SUBLIME (Portreti krijues i Ali Podrimjes)

Author(s): Sali Bytyçi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 52/2022

The literary creativity of the national poet Ali Podrimja extends over a period of more than half a century. This creativity begins at the time when Albanian literature in the former Yugoslavia, which had started to be published immediately after the Second World War (it had just entered its second decade), was created under strict state censorship. In the second half of the 50s of the twentieth century, when Podrimja began his literary creativity, in Pristina, after several years of publishing in newspapers and magazines, the publication of special poetic volumes and books with stories and plays had also begun. At this time, under the influence of the literature he read, as a fifteen-year-old, the young poet Ali Podrimja began to publish in the literary magazine "Jeta e re" and in the youth magazine "Zani i rinis". Ali Podrimje's creativity, apart from the first stage, experienced all the other stages of development that Albanian literature in the former Yugoslavia went through: the second stage, when Albanian literature continued to be subject to strict state censorship and the stages that came after it, the stages of aesthetic emancipation and modernization. Podrimja wrote both prose and essays, of a special style, but until the end of his life he remained faithful to poetry. He started his creation as a poet of the suburbs, to finally reach the proportions of the national creator. In his poetry, the fragmented homeland is created and recreated and takes the clear form of natural Albania. In this potry, both the national space and the Albanian man have taken their place, to finally get the view of the universal space and the human universe.

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“ƏSLİ və KƏRƏM” DASTANININ TƏDQİQİNDƏ SALMAN MÜMTAZIN ROLU

Author(s): Kadim RUFULLAYEV / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 59/2023

The article is dedicated to the study of the epic "Asli and Karam" which is one of the folk novels of the famous Azerbaijani folklorist Salman Mumtaz. It is emphasized in the article that Salman Mumtaz, who had an important role in the development of Azerbaijani folklore studies, along with many examples of folklore, researched on the "Asli and Karam" epic, collected and published poems related to the work, and published his conclusions related to the topic in the press. It is obvious that "Asli va Karam" epic is one of the works that formed an important stage in the development of Azerbaijani novelism and created a tradition. This folk novel, which stands in a unique position in our folklore and is welcomed by readers and listeners, is written on the theme of love. The main theme of the work includes topics such as achieving spiritual beauty and nurturing it, appreciating and developing human qualities such as loyalty, trust and loyalty in love, prosperous goal, forming the position of the homeland and citizenship, endlessly fighting for the success of friendship, pure love and worldly values. It is clear that Ziyad Khan's son Mahmud falls in love with Maryam, the priest's daughter, although Ziyadkhan is happy about it, the priest is not delighted for it because the young belong to different religions, and he is against coming together of the lovers, and causes their tragedies and seperation. S. Mumtaz writes down this popular novel in the 30s of the last century and published it in the "Edebiyyat newspaper". The fact that Salman Mumtaz deal with the importance of "Asli va Karam" as much as "Koroglu" epic means that it was formed approximately in the 16th and 17th centuries. Even the idea that Karam, one of the heroes of the epic, is aimed. After that, many researchers, M.H. Tahmasib, I. Abbasli, Gara Namazov and recent folklorists expressed their opinions about the identity and ethnicity of not only Karam, but also Asli in the article. The epic "Asli and Karam" is one of the rich examples of our nation's centuries-old cultural history. The work once again shows that the Azerbaijan own humanistic and multicultural values and live with constantly humanistic views and progressive ideas.

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TİMUR DEVRİ İSKENDER SULTAN DÖNEMİNE AİT BL ADD. 27261 ‘E KAYITLI ANTOLOJİ’DE BULUNAN HAMSE-İ NİZAMİ MİNYATÜRLERİNİN KOMPOZİSYON DÜZENLEMELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Author(s): S. Hilal Arpacioğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 59/2023

In the 14th century, Tabriz, Shiraz, Baghdad, Herat and Samarkand, which were under the rule of the Timurids, became important art centers in line with the Timurid emphasis on the arts. Timur's grandson Iskander Sultan was one of the most important patrons of the book arts under the Timurids, and during his reign a large number of high-quality illustrated manuscripts were produced in the Shiraz region. The Anthology recorded in BL Add. 27261 is one of the most important works produced in Shiraz during the reign of Iskander Sultan and constitutes the Shiraz style of the Timurid period. The Khamse-i Nizami section of the work, which is the subject of our research, contains 14 miniatures. Through the 14 paintings examined in our study, we will examine how the painters construct the design according to the subject of the story, how they create the perception of depth and how they direct the viewer to the main center of the story. The relationship between front and back in the spaces designed by the painters and the method by which they reveal the important figures in the story will be indicated.

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