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The means of expressing joy in the three Polish versions of Psautire: that of Wujek, that of the Millennium Bible and that of Staff, is the object of this article. The lexicon and the metaphors for joy have been compared with their equivalents in the Latin text. The appearance of phrases has been observed.
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The article addresses the question of how to translate the names of biblical realities (nature - plants) in the context of the Polish tradition encapsulate J. J. Wujek's translations into the Tyniec Bible.
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Due to their close connection with source culture and language, cultural references frequently have no equivalent in the target language and are difficult to translate. Thus, it is not surprising that numerous studies dealing with the translation of cultural references have already been conducted. The starting point of any study carried out in this field is sample selection. Cultural references also need to be classified, which implies having to choose one of the numerous existing taxonomies. This paper presents some conclusions regarding the distribution and classification of English extralinguistic cultural references (ECRs) in movies based on a sample of twenty British and American films with Croatian subtitles. We analysed whether the application of Pedersen’s criteria (2011) can guarantee that the sample will be rich in ECRs and whether Nedergaard-Larsen’s taxonomy of ECRs (1993) is adequate for the study dealing with the translation of ECRs. The results suggest that the application of Pedersen’s criteria is useful, but does not always produce satisfactory results due to the factors which can cause the lack of ECRs in films. The broad categories Nedergaard-Larsen divides ECRs into seem to be both the advantage and the shortcoming of this taxonomy. Such categorization facilitates the classification of ECRs, but also complicates the process of determining which strategy was used to translate a specific type of ECRs.
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Discrepancies between the versions of the Book of Proverbs in the Masoretic Text (MT) and Septuagint (LXX) have occupied scholars for centuries. Some solutions are briefly outlined in this article, together with a new proposal for resolving these discrepancies, based on the premise that the Book of Proverbs may have originally contained three independent textual collections: Proverbs 1–24, associated with King Solomon; Proverbs 25–29, associated with King Hezekiah, and an independent section, Proverbs 30–31, which could have been part of either Solomon’s or Hezekiah’s collection. It is further proposed that the redactors of the Masoretic Text simply appended Proverbs 30–31 to the end of the Book of Proverbs, i.e., Hezekiah’s collection, whereas the LXX translators adapted Proverbs 30–31 to be part of Solomon’s collection, within the new context of the LXX Proverbs 24.
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Two letters of the “Pythagorean” women Melissa and Myia, addressed to their female friends, are translated into the Russian for the first time. In the introduction, the reader will find background information about the origin of the letters, their textual tradition, their discovery in the beginning of the 19th century, and, finally, the formation of a critical approach to them in the context of the emerging studies of so-called Pseudopythagorica. In the complementary notes to the text, I am placing the letters in the context of an appropriate philosophical tradition and making some textual observations. The translation of these two letters is a part of the research project called on to open a much-neglected page in the history of philosophy, and to show that ignoring secondary sources can often lead to a serious narrow-mindedness in our understanding of ancient philosophical tradition.
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The present paper introduces seven Polish and British incongruent terms referring to civil law and makes an attempt to determine the translation methods applied while forming English equivalents for the Polish terms (“mienie”, “rzecz”, “nieruchomość rolna”, “część składowa”, “część składowa rzeczy”, “część składowa gruntu”, “przynależność”). The terms under analysis are the terms that appear at the very beginning of the third section of the Polish Civil Code called “Mienie” and constitute “terms” according to Sager (1990, p.19) and “legal terms” according to the division of terms by Morawski (1980, p. 187). The definitions of the Polish civil law terms are presented beginning with the definitions of a “term” and “equivalence”. The equivalents under analysis have been suggested in the IATE database and the most globally recognised forum for translators, “proz.com”. The research involves comparing the definitions of the terms and, if possible, the suggested equivalents, checking whether the equivalents appear in texts of the sources of the law of the United Kingdom. It has been concluded that the occurrence of system-bound terms as well as the phenomenon of the incongruity of terms make the process of translation extremely challenging, and it is difficult to find the single most adequate equivalent. Furthermore, the translation methods applied while forming the English equivalents have been determined.
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In this outstanding essay, the writer, translator, and critic Vladimir Nabokov addresses the main problematic aspects of translation by offering a brief typology of interpreters and their common mistakes. The lively, ironic and often sarcastic narrative is illustrated with examples of translations of multiple masterpieces of world literature, in which the author expertly juggles between English, Russian and French. The very translation of this essay is a fascinating challenge and its semiosis naturally requires explanatory notes which have been added by the translator.
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When the novel A Passage to India by E.M.Forster had been translated into Italian, the critic Claudio Gorlie r published a condescending review of the work of translator Adriana Motti. At this time, Italo Calvino was an editor in the publishing house E i naudi that had released the book. In response he wrote a letter in which he not only defended Adriana Motti’s decisions, but also took a snapshot of the publishing situation in Italy, as well as of the faults in the critical approach to translation assessment in principle.
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The article outlines the main trends, concerns and characteristics of translation studies in the multilingual Indian society from the postcolonial period onwards, presents the main thinkers in the field and examines in a comparative perspective their most representative theoretical writings in search of an indigenous theory of translation on the subcontinent.
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Several passages written by ancient authors stand at the very origin of contemporary translation studies. Classical receptions in translation theories have been paid little, if any, attention so far either by translation scholars or by classicists. This paper makes an attempt to outline major trends in the reception of ancient ideas in translation scholarship today. Several parallels are drawn to bring forth different ways of penetration of basic ancient concepts in modern mental world. This particular intertwining of ancient practice and modern theoretical thought in the field of translation illustrates yet other aspects of the dialogue between antiquity and modernity. Starting by fundamental notions like the everlasting dichotomies word or sense, form or content, faithful or unfaithful, literal or free, the essay expands to more specific reception strings and connections as the task of the translator, translation as a cognitive act, as imitation and art, linguistic, functional, and pragmatic equivalence and equivalent effect, text typologies.
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The article offers an overview of the history of Bertholt Brecht’s translational reception in Bulgaria. Attention is paid, on the one hand, to the impact of the receiving cultural milieu on the choice and way of accommodation of the translated artworks and, on the other, to the role of different translators and their practices in representing the oeuvre of this major figure in 20th-century German literature. The discussion is centered consecutively on the reception of translations of lyrics, prose, dramas and theoretical works of Brecht in Bulgaria. Analyses and conclusions are supported by rich illustrative material.
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In the present document a specific phenomenon of strong influence in Czech language to their translation in Bulgarian are introduced. However, the excellent performance of the foreign language or even the bilingualism are not a guarantee for striking expression and writing in maternal language. The underestimation of the redactions work is also a premise for admission of interference in the process of translation. Some phrases from Czech language and their translations in Bulgarian are being represented in order to observe how different translators solve this kind of untranslatable phrases and how successfully they substitute a foreign phrase with a native one, even with a different semantic from the original.
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This essay works from an inductive hermeneutic to uncover Joseph Conrad’s conception of material space. Conrad recognizes a gap between space as it can be measured and space as human beings actually experience it. Throughout his works, Conrad represents the interaction of subject, object, and context in the human experience of space. The resulting subjective space then leads to larger questions of knowledge in general, as Conrad ultimately comes to the conclusion that all knowledge is contingent, dependent upon the context in which it is experienced.
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