Around the Bloc: Gay and Lesbian Partnerships in the Czech Republic Can Now Adopt
The Czech Constitutional Court has ruled that individuals in same-sex partnerships can now adopt, although not as a couple.
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The Czech Constitutional Court has ruled that individuals in same-sex partnerships can now adopt, although not as a couple.
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Intergroup contact is the most effective method of prejudice reduction according to a vast number of studies conducted in various intergroup situations. However, it is not contact, but its optimal conditions which are difficult to attain in societies lacking a general acceptance of egalitarian social norms, facing strong segregation, large status differences, and endorsing strong prejudicial attitudes. Therefore, the optimal conditions for intergroup contact are rarely available when attempting to reduce prejudice against Roma people in Hungary. We present two studies in which we tested the influence of an intervention based on intergroup friendship – a highly positive example of intergroup contact – to reduce anti-Roma prejudice among university students. The research builds upon the so-called “fast friends” method which refers to a short closeness generating procedure based on mutual self-disclosure which creates an experience resembling real friendships. First year psychology students participated in our first study (N = 132) within an experimental, an extended contact, and a “control” group. We found some overall improvement in attitudes based on the comparison between the pre- and the post-test questionnaire results. In a second study (N = 61) we tested whether the findings of Study 1 were the direct result of the intervention, or its indirect influence through promoting non-prejudicial institutional norms. This time we worked with an experimental and a naïve control group, and found significant differences in attitude change between the groups along some attitudinal variables and in the perception of institutional norms. We discuss the scope and limits of anti-Roma prejudice reductions methods.
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President Nazarbaev criticizes religious clothing for being at odds with secular nature of the state.
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The Sejm as a collegian body makes decisions in the form of resolutions. At the same time it is required to comply with the standards of the Constitution as well as to create conditions for the full implementation of these standards. The under statutory nature of Sejm’s resolutions and the diversity of norms included in such acts, cause that judicial review of constitutionality is limited. In case of resolutions, the parliamentary control of their constitutionality is of particular importance.Each of the stages of the resolution making process contains a number of mechanisms to control the constitutionality of the draft resolution and to eliminate the proposed regulations affected by the deficiency of unconstitutionality. Parliamentary constitutional guarantees are analyzed on two levels: institutional and procedural. The first relates to the institution, which in the course of the resolution making process are particularly committed to ensure the compliance of these regulations with the Constitution. This obligation applies both to the elected bodies of the Sejm and other entities that participate in the procedure for making resolutions. In addition to this type of guarantee, at the subsequent stages of the resolution making process a set of procedures designed to protect the constitutionality of a proposal can be identified. The procedural guaranties can be divided into those that are directly designed to protect the constitutionality of the proposal and those which serve other functions, but in an indirect way contribute to the reflection on the constitutionality of the proposed regulation. The latter ones make up the largest group. The characteristic feature of the parliamentary control of constitutionality is that it is ,,scattered” in the process of resolution making. The attention to the compliance of a draft resolution with the Constitution starts before submitting the proposal to the Marshal of the Sejm. Then it takes place at the next stages of the resolution making process. The parliamentary control of the resolutions focuses on: the assumptions of the draft resolution, the draft itself, and finally the resolution adopted by the Sejm.
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It is believed that the process of gentrification, defined as the process of introducing the working social categories to the areas affected by long-term unemployment, results in the improvement of the situation of the poor. In theory, neighborhood interactions between the working and the unemployed should result in easier access of the unemployed to the labor market and also in changes of their attitudes and behavior. However, in practice, it appears that due to cultural differences gentrification does not initiate the interaction between representatives of different social categories and does not influence the situation of the unemployed positively. Instead, cultural differences determine the impossibility to share the public spaces and breed the conflicts for space, which are manifested in various forms of symbolic violence analyzed in this article.
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Events of 2014 in Ukraine shown that radical nationalism can be a significant force effecting Euromajdan. Some years ago president Juszczenko put back UPA and Stepan Bandera to national identity and political struggle. In Ukraine grew up a whole generation of people who openly support the influence of nationalist ideas based on the cult of Stepan Bandera, the Ukrainian hero who build a state based on the genocide of Russians and Poles. Polish authorities in the beginning was opposed, later neglect in the end surprisingly support that movement.
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Attitudes towards pathological behavior of consumers might be created by many factors. One of the most important factors are social values being conducive to create certain attitudes towards consumers’ pathological behavior. The paper attempts to define the relationship between social values and consumers’ attitude towards pathology in market behavior. Using a model approach we proposed analytical tools that might help to determine theoretical construct which could allow one to forecast probability of pathology acceptance in consumers’ behavior based on the social values represented by the consumer. We used logistic regression model which allows one to define social values discriminating consumers in terms of their attitudes towards pathological behavior.
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Reactions to the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Amoris laetitia by Pope Francis have also been fiercely divided in Slovenia as elsewhere. Initially, the official Church showed reluctance towards it. However, there has been more and more signs of a positive reception since towards the end of 2016. A great majority of the believers and pastoral co-workers understood this exhortation as an appropriate incentive for the renewal of the pastoral care of the family in Slovenia. The article discusses some of the reasons for the opposing reactions to the document and tries to further develop some parts of the document to be used in the pastoral care of the family in Slovenia.
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The aim – to draw attention to the most fundamental developments devoted to the traditions represented scientific achievements within different theoretical and methodological concepts, including social and philosophical, the conclusions of which, in our opinion, is not played the greatest role in shaping the cultural approach to their research. To achieve this goal will focus on the analysis of the scientific heritage of the Russian sociologist and philosopher Vladimir Plahov who investigated social systemohenez, the basic operation of law considered by tradition. In the introduction, the author emphasizes that through rituals , customs, rites, ceremonies, etc. is common – tradition – historically established social relations as a special general sociological law, as may be considered synonymous with tradition and more universal terms on the other. Unit "Society and social relations and systems analysis. Tradition as a social phenomenon" begins with the statement that any social movement is due to changes in the social relations of production on the basis of wealth, the agents of which are men. In this tradition implemented on 6 levels of society. The main qualities traditions researchers attribute cumulativeness, nadchuttyevist, nadindyvidualnist, indivisibility and more. In Chapter II, "The tradition of the law of social relations" researcher considers tradition as a specific historical inheritance law in development. Reflecting the social history, tradition can not be an obstacle in the way of anything new and general social progress. Researcher innovative capabilities traditions linking their division into dynamic and static. Although it does not see a fundamental difference between them , as in the middle of the inherent mechanisms for external enrichment with new components – innovation. Section 2, "Tradition in the process of genesis and functioning of the public relations aspect of information" researcher examines the tradition of functioning as a law that provides spatio-temporal fixation system changes in social relations. With regard to the information aspect tradition, the ability tradition "restore order" B. says Plahov peculiar way of limiting chaos, disorganization. Section 3 "The tradition in the social norms. Mechanism proskryptsiyi" V. Plahov shows the ability traditions act as a natural social norms. Although it is eternal, this metamorphosis can be multifaceted, endlessly different and historically transient. Important for the understanding of tradition is Chapter 3 of "systemic -functional tradition of being". B. Plahov stresses that it is informative nature traditions makes them possible metamorphosis, and expression of various objective things. All functions of the traditions associated with the action of dialectical patterns characteristic of various kinds. Also tradition inherently function as social communication and information function. In the following chapters V. Plahov analyzes the institutionalization traditions and their connection with the operation of the legal system. Chapter Two is devoted to research work genesis origin traditions, their place and role in antroposotsiogeneza due to social progress and the dynamics of the social system. As part of our research is worth attention Part 2 of the book "The tradition in social life". In particular, in Chapter 1, "Types and specific manifestations of tradition" researcher focuses on the aspects of display tradition and tradition functions in different areas of life – science, technology, religion and so on. Individual units represented by the theme of "Tradition in Art. The problem of tradition and innovation in art". Channels penetration traditions in artistic creativity researcher include: the identity of the artist and his school, historical and statistical determination of artistic development, regulatory systems – aesthetic, moral, linguistic, neinstytutsionalnuregulation and organization of the creative process. Therefore, analysis of the works of Plahov "Tradition and society : the experience of philosophical and sociological studies" can be stated that its findings serve as an important foundation for the modern understanding of the traditions in close connection with the innovations taking place in the culture, which can be justified by the following provisions. First, the author gives a fairly thorough definition of tradition that still exists today, as explained sotsiogeneza processes, the nature and essence of innovation and the nature of innovation taking place in the culture. Second, is thoroughly characteristic qualities of tradition. Thirdly, V. Plahov offered clear classification functions that tradition is played in different areas of human existence – science, technology, religion, art, emphasizing the importance of tradition to art. Fourth, it seems important to emphasize the informational nature of the tradition, which, in fact, determine their specific functions and metamorphosis, which find expression in a variety of objective things. The last argument allows the formation of a communicative approach to tradition as a means of transmission of cultural experiences.
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Purpose of the article is to reconstruct the meaning of an attractive woman and an attractive worker of an escort agency for women providing sex services, as well as to identify the actions that they undertake as a result of those definitions. The main problem questions, which the analysis is focused on are as follows: what does it mean to be an attractive woman when the main source of earnings is provision of sex services to men? How are the visions of attractiveness in the context of agency and women’s private lives different? What are the actions undertaken by the sex workers in order to achieve and maintain physical attractiveness and what are the consequences for their health? The empirical basis of the article is constituted by unstructured interviews carried out with 56 women providing sex services in escort agencies. The data were analyzed in accordance with procedures of the grounded theory methodology.
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Uxorilocal marriage in Istria is a relatively frequent phenomenon. The poverty of man is the most usual reason for his moving into wife’s house after marriage. The specificity of his status is noticed in many details. Although a strong negative attitude toward such men is not created, it is still apparent that they differ by their position from other, »normally« married men. A pejorative name, a subjugated status with more duties and less rights inside the household, and the obligatory teasing or, somewhere, open disdain are usual. However, such a marriage is considered only as a »necessary evil« and not an especially shameful thing. There is an interesting event, associated with men who moved into their wives’ houses, reported in the village Smoljanci. A couple years ago they organized their own Carnival group by which they distinguished themselves from other men in the village both as a special in-married group and as a group of people who came from other villages. So, they are doubly marked: they are laughed at because they live on their wives’ holdings, and they are reminded that they are »newcomers«.
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The behavior of individuals shape society, and their effect is largely due to the impact of the system of values and social norms prevailing in a particular society, which deals with sociology as a science. Every society struggles against violations of social norms, however, the fact is that there are companies that do not violate this standard. It is therefore necessary to establish a system that will not sanction any form of deviant behavior that disrupts the functioning of the social system. All this should contribute to the security of society as a major and long-term task of the state and society as a whole. Among other things, the structure of this scientific work was influenced by the need to deal with the prison as an institution in the function security of modern societies, reviewing its social position and its intentionality in order to assess whether in fact such a system is monitored and adjusted to the needs and goals of modern society. The aim of this work is to give contribution to the understanding of the total problem of prison society as a function of security of the state as the basic social and state needs, the basic state values and basic safety guarantees.
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Mediation is a method of constructive, structured and voluntary resolution of disputes. As such, belongs to the model of restorative justice. In Bosnia and Herzegovina mediation has been applied since 2004. The question is how to apply mediation in juvenile justice and what role have the social welfare centers. Research in the area of Banja Luka showed the following: insufficient application of mediation in juvenile justice, insufficient training of specialists and the significant role of social welfare centers. In accordance with this, the recommendations are: promotion of mediation, training in mediation, cooperation between relevant institutions and organizations.
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Da bismo što preciznije odgovorili na ovo pitanje, potrebno je prethodno osloboditi se nekih aprioristicfcih pretpostavki o omladini koje nemaju osnova, ili barem do sada nisu empirijski dokazane.
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W artykule tym ukazuję postawy i oceny młodzieży licealnej i akademickiej wobec obowiązkowego celibatu i czystości seksualnej księży rzymskokatolickich. Podstawę do tej prezentacji stanowią wyniki moich badań socjologicznych, które zrealizowałem wśród respondentów dobranych technikami statystycznymi reprezentujących obie kategorie młodzieży w drugiej połowie XX wieku i w drugiej dekadzie obecnego wieku. Łącznie we wszystkich badaniach uczestniczyło 976 licealistów (637 kobiet i 339 mężczyzn) i 546 studentów (327 kobiet i 219 mężczyzn), a ogółem – 1522 respondentów, w tym 964 kobiety i 558 mężczyzn. Respondenci w obu sytuacjach reprezentowali pierwszy i trzeci rok nauki. Badania wykazały, że większość licealistów i studentów sprzeciwia się obejmowaniu obowiązkowym celibatem wszystkich księży, a jedna trzecia opowiada się za dobrowolnym jego wyborem przez księży, którzy odczuwają w sobie predyspozycje do życia poza małżeństwem i rodziną, w samotności i do trwałej abstynencji seksualnej. Z kolei księża odczuwający w sobie powołanie do małżeństwa i rodziny powinni mieć możliwość do łączenia tego powołania z powołaniem do kapłaństwa. Większość respondentów zaznacza, że obowiązkowa bezżenność księży przyczynia się do systematycznego regresu liczby kandydatów do kapłaństwa, a także do porzucania kapłaństwa przez wielu księży. Ten sam odsetek respondentów akceptuje księży żonatych i ich rodziny. Koszty utrzymania takich księży i ich rodzin należą, zdaniem respondentów, do biskupa i parafian. Obowiązkowy celibat połączony z abstynencją seksualną i całkowite posłuszeństwo władzy kościelnej naruszają wolność osobistą i autonomię decyzji księdza. Płeć nie wnosi istotnych różnic do nastawienia większości respondentów do obowiązkowego celibatu i nakazu czystości seksualnej księży. Większe zróżnicowanie w tym względzie powoduje szczebel ich edukacji – średniej i wyższej: studenci są częściej krytycznie nastawieni do obu tych zjawisk niż licealiści. Największy wpływ na krytyczne lub pozytywne nastawienie do celibatu mają deklaracje wiary i niewiary oraz praktyk religijnych licealistów i studentów. Respondenci głęboko wierzący i systematycznie praktykujący rzadko krytykują obowiązek celibatu, a liczniej opowiadają się za jego koniecznością. Respondenci obojętni religijnie i niewierzący oraz niespełniający praktyk religijnych zdecydowanie częściej sprzeciwiają się w ogóle celibatowi księży i widzą w nim wyłącznie czynnik naruszający wolność i godność osobistą księdza, jak też osłabiający lub uniemożliwiający samodzielność jego decyzji w życiu zawodowym i osobistym.
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Rules regarding emotional display (and hence, regulation) are provided by society in order to guide gender-specific or gender appropriate behaviour of the individual. The purpose of this research was the adaptation of the Questionnaire of gender specific beliefs about emotional behaviour (Timmers, Fischer, & Manstead, 2003), supplemented with additional items, on a sample of 247 Serbian students. A large set of observed beliefs about actual or desired emotional conduct in the context of separate male and female gender roles was subjected to sequential-factors analysis (Goldberg’s“bass-ackwards” method). The aim was to elucidate specific homogenous clusters of beliefs (factors) and their larger contexts (higher-level factors), therefore providing information on the societal views of gender roles and also on the potentially differing cross-cultural manifestations of the constructs in question. Finally, two measurement instruments were evaluated and suggested for future research. The psychometric properties of these instruments, the Beliefs about men’s emotional behaviour (BEB-M) and the Beliefs about women’s emotional behaviour (BEB-W), were assessed. Based on interpretability, as well as on the results of a parallel analysis and the MAP procedure, we made the decision to use a four-factor solution for the BEB-M instrument, and a fivefactor solution for the BEB-W instrument.
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The theory of necessity (ḍarūra) questions the relations between norm and person, condition and regulation, permissible and forbidden, useful and harmful, variable and immutable, important and irrelevant. It is a comprehensive theory, applicable in all fields of Islamic law. In the theory of necessity, reason forms a whole with the Text, logic with Revelation, and everlasting Sharia values with juridical flexibility. The theory of necessity is studied within the scientific field of Methodology of Islamic law and the jurisprudence of legal principles, while its importance lies in the fact that when standardized, regulations become part of the general Sharia legal norms.
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Attitudes towards homosexuality and same-sex marriage in the Americas and Europe have been found to be tightly related to religion, and especially, how religion is practiced. However, religious individuals are not consistent in their rejection of homosexuality. We explore how religions and religious individuals differ among each other in attitudes towards not just homosexuality, but also other policy areas they consider sins, such as marihuana consumption, abortion, euthanasia, use of contraceptives, and pre-marital sex. Using data for Colombia, we find that Evangelicals are the most reliable opponents of LGBT rights in the country, rejecting homosexuality more deeply than other sins. They thus target homosexuality distinctively. We also find that attitudes toward homosexual-ity among Evangelicals seem unresponsive to education. Because of this more pronounced homophobia among Evangelicals, we conclude that countries like Colombia that are experiencing increases in the population and levels of organi-zation of Evangelicals are likely to face increasing difficulty, even backlash, when trying to further expand LGBT rights.
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The article characterizes the category of sociosponsorship, which is considered to be a socially committed form of sponsorship. At the beginning, the category of sponsorship is presented. Then, its type - social sponsorship - is characterized, as well as the fields, on which this form of sponsorship can be practiced. In the last part of the article there are some practical advices presented, including how to obtain a sponsor and what to look for when executing sponsorship cooperation.
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The paper presents the long-run changes in tobacco, alcohol and other drug use of secondary school children based on the ESPAD surveys (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs) between 1995–2015 in international comparison. The second part of the paper discusses the effects of different socio-demographic factors (gender, school type settlement of school, parent’s education level and family structure). Finally, we examine the effects of other risk and protective factors (leisure time activities, family and peer-group integration) on substance use of the young.
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