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Научноизследователски подход при проучване на туристически дестинации – методи и етапи

Author(s): Desislava Alexova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The research is based on studies of the tourist potential in several municipalities in Bulgaria, which are still unpopular developing destinations. The aim is to present the individual stages in the scientific research process in the planning and development of a tourist destination and their practical aspect. The study of the opportunities for sustainable development of each of them requires the use of a wide palette of general scientific and private methods: questionnaire surveys, workshops with representatives of the local community and a wide range of interested parties, polling and working with focus groups; use of empirical research methods: method of field observations; camera methods: collecting primary information, processing and analysis of documents. For this purpose, a unified methodology for sustainable tourism development at the local level has been developed, including a methodological research framework, analysis and assessment of tourist resources and attractions, human resources and administrative capacity, infrastructure and material base available to the destination. The individual components are presented as subsystems of the territorial system for recreation and tourism and the study of the interrelationships between them, definition of strategic goals and priorities and proposals for sustainable tourism development. The research thesis declares that the achievement of sustainable development of a tourist destination at the local level is possible only by using a clear methodology and following successive scientific research stages in studying and planning, and to prove this specific examples and good practices approved in several municipalities are shown.

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The COVID-19 crisis and tourism in Bulgaria

Author(s): Nikolina Popova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The tourism industry in Bulgaria is in crisis, caused by a global factor external to the industry - the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has affected the overall socio-economic development, incl. tourism, globally, regionally and nationally. This circumstance demonstrates the important role of four key factors: the geopolitics of EU structures, the policies formulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO); and the national tourism policy, which is harmonized with them. The object of this study is the national tourist space of Bulgaria, and the subject of the study is an analysis of the relationships between the main groups of factors: geopolitical, economic and state-legal, and the tourism industry in the country, strongly influenced by the crisis COVID-19, as well as major trends in the development of tourism in the years of the pandemic. Research background: The drastic decline in active mass international arrivals to Bulgaria in 2020 – 2022 period was larger than the number of Bulgarians traveling abroad. This was caused by the outflow of large international tour operators supplying tourists to seaside, and winter resorts in Bulgaria. Among the reasons for this are, besides the mass character of tourism, the policies of international, but not least and at the national level. Purpose: Study of the main groups of factors: geopolitical, economic and state-legal, affecting tourism in the period 2020 – 2022 influenced by the crisis COVID-19, as well as major trends in the development of tourism in the years of the pandemic. Methods: Content analysis, statistical analysis Findings and novelty The development of tourism in Bulgaria, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, is undergoing a process of transformation under the influence of international, and national policies. A proactive national policy is needed, taking into account the changes that have taken place in the development of tourism, both in terms of supply and demand.

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Приложение на теорията на планираното поведение в туристическото потребление на местни храни

Author(s): Neviana Krasteva,Desislava Alexova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Based on the theory of planned behavior and analysis of destinations in Bulgaria like Central and Western Balkan Mountain, Sofia district, Radomir, Smolyan, Ardino etc., this paper has proposed suggestions on designing tourist products in the provinces of Bulgaria in a sustainable manner. The ambition is to encourage rural areas to make full use of local superior resources and promote the prosperity of local rural economy. The research is based on field research of the specific places with the cooperation of local authorities and different organizations. The paper begins with a literature review of the theory of planes behavior concerning the role of tourism in sustainable destination development, considering the specificities of rural tourism, and the contribution of this tourism to sustainable development of rural areas. The literature review is followed by a case study for several regions in Bulgaria. Via qualitative and quantitative approach, the case studies identify the views of diverse stake holders (visitors, public, private agents of supply, residents and consultants). The methodology and observations under the analysis are presented and open for discussion. The paper ends with some prescriptions and offers for marketing strategy creation.

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Анализ на обществените оценки и нагласи към устойчивото развитие на туризма в национален курорт Албена

Author(s): Maria Vodenska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Despite the wide acceptance of the sustainable development concept, its implementation is still limited due to the difficulty of its practical application. The challenges are related to the comprehensive assessment of tourism impacts on the environment. Research on the problem in Bulgaria is still scarce. The known publications are at national level and do not give a clear picture of tourism sustainable development and its problems at regional and local levels. An appropriate regional level for monitoring sustainable tourism development is the national resort - it is possible to achieve purposeful use of local resources, combined with its effective control, while taking into account the interests of all parties concerned. The extent to which activities in the tourism sector affect the local environment is the aim of the current analysis of public assessment. Tourism undoubtedly has its positive impact on employment opportunities and local communities’ development, but it also leads to negative consequences on the natural features of the respective territories. The research includes a field survey of the opinion of the general public (residents of the municipality of Balchik) and users of tourist services in Albena national resort. The survey was conducted in the period June – July 2021.

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Дигитализацията като фактор за устойчиво развитие на хотелите, специализирани в предлагането на семейни почивки

Author(s): Elena Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The modern tourism market, dominated by globalization, is increasingly criticized in relation to climate change and the carbon footprint of travel. At the same time, tourists' ecological awareness is growing and they are seeking pure and unspoiled nature in addition to comfort and convenience during their vacations. This is particularly relevant for families with children, who progressively take into account the hotels' green balance and digital presence when choosing and booking their trips. Intense competition in the industry also requires finding new competitive advantages and digital solutions to meet the progressing demands and challenges faced by businesses. Therefore, to guarantee their competitive position, hotels specialized in offering family vacations must focus on sustainable development, new technologies, and smart management systems. In this context the use of innovative technologies and digital tools improves management efficiency, enhances communication with guests, increases the number of reservations and tourist satisfaction. Furthermore, it reduces harmful impacts on the environment while ensuring long-term economic sustainability.

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Management of short-term rental (str) – regulation or deregulation? – Example of Poland

Author(s): Dominik Borek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article presents my personal views and cannot be interpreted as the position of any body, entity or institution. The article presents the legal status as of 3 March, 2023. The article will be based on the results of quantitative empirical research Eurobarometer 495, Eurobarometr 467 and qualitative empirical research based mainly on official documents of European Union and Polish Government. The article will discuss the European Union's plans to change the regulation of short-term rental (or short-time rental) and a comparison to Polish regulations. The advantages and disadvantages of the currently functioning solutions and proposals for the future will be presented. It is also important that the relationship between the sharing economy (Eurostat 2019) and short-term rental will be shown. Examples of the sharing economy and the changes that have taken place in this area will also be presented (Schor 2014). According to the Act of 29 August 1997 on accommodation services and services of tour leaders and tourist guides, accommodation services are short-term, commonly accessible services consisting in the rental of houses, apartments, rooms, bed places as well as plots for putting up tents or for parking caravans, and in the provision of related services at the facility. Therefore, the Act, due to its nature, contains solutions that apply also to entities operating in the STR market. Naturally, Short Term Rental as a human activity has its advantages and disadvantages, and creates both benefits and opportunities for local communities. Short Term Rental (STR) is becoming an increasingly important part of the tourism sector (Eurobarometr 495, 2021), as confirmed e.g. by the interest in the area on the part of EU bodies. At present, STR accounts for nearly a quarter of the overall supply of tourist accommodation services in the European Union (EU) (Eurobarometr 2021). The increase in the share has been caused, in particular, by the emergence of online platforms, so-called Online Travel Agencies (OTA). One in four EU citizens uses STR via such a platform. I will use the following methods: dogmatic-exegetical method, empirical method with qualitative and quantitative research.

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Ефективно използване на природни ресурси в интегрираното управление на хотелиерския спа и медикъл продукт

Author(s): Teodora Arsova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main aim in tourism management is to provide opportunities for achieving optimal results of the development of the hotel organizations and good results from business activities. The emerging climate changes and their consequences provoke the development of effective management solutions and prevention against negative environmental effects in the tourism sector. The general tasks that follow from the goal of the study are directly aimed at clarifying the nature of the integrated management in the hotel industry, estimating the environmental parameters in the bigger resorts of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast and the application of eco-friendly technologies in the tourism sector and the SPA and Medical hotel’s product. The study includes conducting laboratory tests of salty mineral water and the natural resource "Healing mud" from the source Pomorie salt lake, as well as the natural resource "Black Sea lye" from the Salt factory – Bourgas. In the last part of the study, the need and the information for introducing an environmental audit system in the tourism sector will be assessed by performing two types of questionnaire survey among business representatives and customers. Managers describe the strengths and weaknesses of this type of centres in hotel complexes and the importance of introducing eco standards. In the second type of questionnaire, consumers evaluate the quality of the SPA and Medical hotel’s product and the efficient use of natural resources. There is a growing interest and importance of SPA tourism for the population, in the quality of Wellness and Medical hotel’s products provided. The motivation of the tourists looking for destinations for their holidays or convalescent stays to places with a direct connection between man and nature, is increased. People are gradually realizing the benefits of natural resources on their healthy and satisfied lifestyles. As a result of the imbalance between available natural resources and their consumption, businesses appreciate the need for effective management solutions to address climate changes and prevention against environmental risk. A specialised approach and the implementation of integrated management are therefore required to ensure continued engagement and sustainable development of the tourism sector.

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Устойчивост на кръговата икономика чрез иновации. Цикличността като дизайн на бъдещето в туризма

Author(s): Ivinka Pazieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The concept of the circular economy goes beyond simple recycling, associating itself with the maxim that the circular economy is an economy of the reform, that waste is a resource through which we enable innovation to occur. Innovation, on the other hand, is a daily routine for business but with the thought of a future built on a reasonable economic development system. By valuing the circular tourism product, the plan for sustainable consumption can be further developed and we could design the product to the future requirements of the circular economy model. Cyclicality, on the other hand, does not close the innovative flow, but expands its sphere of action on more economic entities that strive for the longevity of their product – part of the current and future economic organism of the systemic sustainability plan. The purpose of this research is to outline mechanisms for innovation in tourism. The first part of the paper defines the understanding of a sustainable circular economic model in Bulgaria in its relation to innovative business practices in tourism. Тhe best practices are derived through value creation in tourism business models. Тhe second part sketches the need for the best practices through the introduction of the circular economic model in Bulgaria and analyzes the risks of introducing digitalization to Bulgarian tourism. Based on the research among representatives of the tourism sector in Bulgaria, it has come to a view that there is a shortage of good examples and studies in support of the promotion of the circular economic model among the tourism enterprises in Bulgaria. Any contribution in this area will lead to the improvement of knowledge and benefits from the introduction of the circular economy models in tourism.

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Влияние на кръговата икономика в черноморския басейн

Author(s): Georgi Hadjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In recent years, there has been an increasing push towards the introduction of circular economy models, which would work in opposition to the traditional linear model "extraction-production-consumption-disposal".As part of the Black Sea Basin, Bulgaria has unique coastal and marine resources that offer opportunities for sustainable growth of the industries that depend on them. Although a large part of the economy along the Bulgarian coast continues to rely on traditional sectors such as beach tourism, fishing, maritime transport and mining, it should be borne in mind that the application of circular economy models has enormous potential. However, there is an increasingly fragmented management of coastal and marine natural resources, due to a lack of consistency in sectoral policies and market development at the regional and national level, which should be overcome through a comprehensive approach based on a comprehensive development vision.

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МОЛЕКУЛЯРНА ГАСТРОНОМИЯ И ВЛИЯНИЕТО Ѝ ВЪРХУ КАЧЕСТВОТО НА ХРАНАТА

Author(s): Milena Peneva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In recent years, not only in the world, but also in Bulgaria, the so-called molecular gastronomy has entered and established itself as a consumer demand. The scientific discipline—which was introduced under the name molecular and physical gastronomy and later shortened to molecular gastronomy—was established in 1988 by Hervé This, a physical chemist, and Nicholas Kurti, a former professor of physics at the University of Oxford, who were interested in the science behind the phenomena that occur during culinary processes. Although nutritional science has been around for centuries, it focuses on the chemical composition and nutritional value of ingredients, while molecular gastronomy focuses on the mechanisms of transformation that occur during the culinary processes of restaurant classical cooking. This is the point at which the physical and chemical processes of food production combine with the artistic and aesthetic skills of the culinarians. Meals prepared in this way feed not only the body, but also the eyes, causing the consumer's senses to activate to distinguish visual perceptions from what the taste buds sense. Molecular culinary studies the physical aspects of food-liquid interactions, flavor stability, heat conduction, convection and transfer, solubility issues, dispersion and the relationship between texture and flavor, etc. This science seeks to generate new knowledge based on the chemistry and physics behind culinary processes - for example, why mayonnaise thickens or why bread rises. To achieve the impressive results, molecular cuisine incorporates a variety of food additives approved for use in culinary products, such as hydrocolloids, emulsifiers, stabilizers, non-stick agents, enzymes, gases, etc. This raises the question of how well the quality of ready-to-eat food is maintained in terms of vitamin content and nutritional properties, whether it supplies the elements necessary for the healthy development of the human body or whether the technological process of processing and the addition of additives compromise molecular gastronomy. As a result of various techniques such as emulsification, spherification, solidification, gelation, modern culinarians change the physical properties of products and thus obtain radically different dishes, with a different shape and consistency from their usual, but preserving and enriching their taste qualities. Research by a number of scientists has shown that some important elements are preserved and some are damaged, affecting the quality of the food when food additives such as liquid nitrogen, xanthan gum, calcium salts are added for the purpose of molecular cuisine. Many of the emulsifiers and hydrocolloids used are of natural origin, ensuring the safety of consumers. Whatever the origin of the ingredients, the most important thing remains the dose involved, and given that food prepared in this way is not consumed on a daily basis, molecular gastronomy can be considered safe and qialitive.

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Development of Wine Tourism Destinations to Support the Repositioning of Bulgaria’s Tourism Product

Author(s): Kristina Georgieva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The past three years proved to be an exceptional challenge for the development of tourism in Bulgaria. The years-long problems in the sector combined with the new global situation forced all countries involved in this economic field to realize the need to take active measures to reposition Bulgaria’s tourism product. One of the possibilities for differentiating the portfolio of tourist destination Bulgaria is through the development and promotion of local destinations for wine tourism. The present study aims to characterize the possibilities for wine tourism destinations’ development in support of the repositioning of Bulgaria’s tourism product. The research object is the local wine destinations, and the subject – their importance in the repositioning of the national tourism product.

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Състoяниe и възмoжнoсти зa рaзвитиe нa дoстъпния туризъм

Author(s): Vihren Kirilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The goal of this article is to examine the topic of accessible tourism. The purpose of the research is to give a clear definition, as well as what its condition is and to outline the possibilities for its development. In the process of researching the topic, the terminology and the trends in providing the accessible environment are pointed out. This results in establishing specific ways of developing accessible tourism, from where we can draw the conclusion of its practical realization, as well as the prospects for its improvement and mass integration, aiming better applicability.

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Public-Private Partnerships and Good Governance The case of Benidorm Tourist Foundation

Author(s): Reyes Herrero López,María Valasco González / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are a widespread and controversial phenomenon. In the last three decades they have gone from being just one more option in the toolbox of policy makers, to occupying a central place in government action, at all levels of government, in almost all sectors, and virtually in every country (Boardman, Greve & Hodge, 2015) (Bovaird, 2004). At the international level, a growing interest in PPPs has also been observed. International organizations of different kind have issued recommendations, guides and general frameworks to assist and support governments in the adoption of the governance model introduced by the PPPs. Thus, for example, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2008; 2012); or, for example, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2003; 2015; 2017).

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ZMĚNILA PANDEMIE GEOGRAFICKOU STRUKTURU NÁVŠTĚVNOSTI EVROPY?

Author(s): Jiří Vystoupil,Martin Šauer,HELENA KUBÍČKOVÁ / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses changes in the distribution of inbound tourism inside and into Europe from 2019 to 2021, which makes the period before and at the "end" of the covid-19 pandemic. The goal is to analyze and assess the main tourist streams primarily measured by the number of overnight stays, and secondly, changes in the geographic structure of foreign tourists. It provides tabular and cartographic analysis of their spatial distribution. The article identifies the most important source countries of international tourism inside and into Europe. The result of the paper is an evaluation of the negative impact of the pandemic on Europe as a whole, in more detail in European sub-regions and finally in the most important European countries in terms of tourism, on the decline of international tourism and related economic losses.

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DOPADY PANDEMIE COVID-19 NA CESTOVNÍ RUCH PAMÁTEK UNESCO V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

Author(s): Libor Lněnička,Tetiana Butenko,Tomáš Burda,Veronika Židová,Sára Bouzková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The main goal of this paper is to examine impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on the attendance of selected UNESCO monuments in the Czech Republic. This is the first step of a more extensive research focused on methodological recommendations of the effects the covid-19 pandemic on tourism. The authors present a study focused on the number of visitors to selected monuments in comparison between 2019 and 2021. The mechanism of protection, popularization and development of UNESCO cultural heritage in the Czech Republic is investigated. The features of formation and improvement of management mechanisms in this area of socio-cultural relations are clarified. The procedure for including candidate sites in the World Heritage list has been investigated. The main UNESCO conventions in the field of culture are considered and attention is drawn to their key provisions. The main problems in the legislative regulation of the preservation and management of cultural and natural heritage in the Czech Republic are analyzed. It is established that cooperation with UNESCO significantly affects the foreign policy of the world's countries. At the end is possible to find a set of three areas of recommendations, which will be examined in more detail in the next stages. The results confirmed that the most visited UNESCO monuments heritage after the covid-19 pandemic: Prague (734 thousand people); Spa triangle: Františkovy Lázně, Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně (559 thousand people); Lednice-Valtice area (311 thousand people) and Kroměříž (162 thousand people). Their attractiveness is due to the high level of nature protection, the conservation status of the heritage fund and their historical value.

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DESTINACE – TURISTICKÝ REGION VS. ADMINISTRATIVNÍ JEDNOTKA

Author(s): Andrea Holešinská,Martin Šauer / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper is about defining tourist regions. The types of regions (homogeneous, nodal, planning/administrative) and corresponding approaches to tourism regionalization are presented. These approaches are compared with each other based on the criterion of tourism performance. The number of overnight stays of tourists in collective accommodation establishments is the key tourism performance indicator, which represents the size of the purchasing power of tourism in a curtain region. The findings show that the analysed approaches in some cases very significantly influence the current tourism performance. These disproportions are evident especially in the case of administratively defined "tourist" regions. The aim of this paper is to identify criteria for complex competitive tourist regions. As a result, the complexity of the region is in the connection of the territory's potential and destination processes (3C – cooperation); the competitiveness of the region is determined by the purchasable demand and financial resources of the DMO; and the touristic aspect of the region is contained directly in the territory's potential.

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UDRŽITELNOST A ZODPOVĚDNOST – NEZBYTNOST SOUČASNÉHO I BUDOUCÍHO CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU

Author(s): Iveta Hamarneh,Petr Jeřábek,Olga Soboleva / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Entities in tourism seek an economic, social, and environmental balance to satisfy investors, employees, and customers. However, the transformation toward sustainable tourism is accompanied by challenges. The submitted contribution aims to determine how companies in the field of tourism in the Czech Republic perceive content of the concept of sustainability and whether they implement or plan to include specific projects to support sustainability within their activities. The primary research was conducted in 2021-2022. Only half of the respondents correctly understand content of the concept of corporate social responsibility, and 63 % of respondents correctly understand the concept of sustainable business. The evaluation of the research hypotheses showed that understanding the content of the idea of sustainable business and awareness of the Green Deal for Europe is independent of the age of the respondents. The implementation of CSR activities is independent of the size of the company or the field in which the company operates. Specific sustainable activities implemented by companies in tourism include sorting waste, supporting local production, using gentle cleaning products, or implementing energy-saving technologies. The main obstacles to implementing sustainability strategies are financial and time demands, little information, and partial support from the state and the European Union.

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SPATIAL ASPECTS OF OVERTOURISM IN SELECTED DESTINATIONS

Author(s): Aneta Krajíčková,Petr Tonev,Michaela NEUMANNOVÁ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

One of the specifics of overtourism is its uneven distribution in space and time. Defining an area where the manifestations are visible and the people living in the area are affected is important not only for the correct interpretation of objective numerical indicators, which are used to identify a potential problem, but especially for the application of appropriate measures to alleviate overtourism. The aim of this article is to define, based on direct knowledge of selected destinations in Karlštejn and Kladruby nad Labem, the behavior of visitors in the destination and map materials, the relevant tourist area for the study of overtourism, its impacts and manifestations. In this process, a demand-oriented approach is used. The area is defined both graphically in ArcMAP ESRI and numerically with the function Dissolve. In connection with the visual and numerical delimitation of the area, selected indicators of tourism pressure for both mentioned destinations are calculated. The values compared to corresponding values in other destinations suffering from overtourism indicate the presence of overtourism in Karlštejn.

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THE LINKAGES BETWEEN THE LOCAL ECONOMY AND TOURISM ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SOUTH BOHEMIAN REGION

Author(s): Ilona Švihlíková,Daniel Tóth,Iveta Hamarneh / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The study aims to show in the conditions of the South Bohemian Region the effectiveness and efficiency of support for the local economy as an endogenous source of employment and business development in tourism support. The methodological procedure is a multiplier including an input-output matrix for the South Bohemian Region. This matrix contains statistical data on aggregated regional - economic resources, production, and consumption. The results of the calculations of final demand and regional gross value added of the region are also presented. The primary data sources for the calculation were the open-source of the Czech Statistical Office, which publishes the Statistical Yearbook every year. The Statistical Yearbook of the South Bohemian Region 2021 contains all the necessary data for processing the input-output analysis of the multiplier effects of the tourism industry. The results of the application of these tools are summarized in a sectoral input-output table for the South Bohemian Region. The output multipliers for the South Bohemian Region show increased tourism scores compared to structurally similar regions. It is, therefore, a promising sector, which is determined by the favorable structure of tourist attractions.

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ROZVOJ OBCÍ V NITRIANSKEJ DIECÉZE V KONTEXTE RELIGIÓZNEHO TURIZMU

Author(s): Daša Oremusová,Magdaléna Nemčíková,Lucia Petrikovicova,Hilda Kramáreková,Alfréd KROGMANN / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Religiosity is historically firmly rooted in Slovakia. It also has a historical foundation in the Nitra Diocese, which confirms the establishment of the Nitra Diocese in 880 by Pope John VIII. at the request of Prince Svätopluk. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of religious tourism on the development of two selected rural municipalities in the Nitra diocese - Pozba and Močenok. From a methodological point of view, the basis was the excerpt of print and electronic information sources of various kinds, results of pilgrimage places questionnaires and their comparative analysis. Critical access to information was supported by communication with the Episcopal Office in Nitra, interviews with parish administrators, mayors and residents. The field survey was associated with the documentation of sacral spaces. The result of the work is the identification of forms, resp. manifestations of the functioning of the secular and ecclesial community in both municipalities. While the municipality of Pozba represents a traditional center of pilgrim tourism, the municipality of Močenok has transformed from this position into a center of Christian theater, which is also perceived at the national level. Both municipalities support the activities of ecclesiastical communities and localities of pilgrimage sites are perceived as inseparable parts of municipalities. In both municipalities, which are also part of European cultural routes, religious tourism significantly contributes to the visibility of the municipality and conditions its development, especially in connection with the construction of infrastructure.

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