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U Kraljevoj Sutjesci, stolnom mjestu bosanskih kraljeva i višestoljetnom staništu franjevaca, priređen je 17. i 18. listopada 2008. godine znanstveni skup “Stoljeća Kraljeve Sutjeske”. Vanjski povod bila je stota obljetnica izgradnje samostanske i župne crkve po projektu arhitekta Josipa Vancaša (1908). Ta se okolnost pokazala pogodnom prilikom za inventuru višestoljetne povijesti katolika i franjevaca sutješkoga kraja, počevši od vremena bosanske samostalnosti, preko višestoljetne vladavine Osmanlija, austro-ugarskog razdoblja – sve do najnovijeg vremena. Franjevci su u Kraljevoj Sutjesci trajno prisutni već sedam stoljeća. Djelovali su kao duhovnici, pisci, propovjednici, kroničari / svjedoci svoga doba, prosvjetitelji, liječnici, politički zastupnici katolika… Mijenjali su se gospodari, nailazili i prolazili osvajači, rušitelji i pljačkaši – samostan je živio svoje uspone i padove, procvate duhovnog i kulturnog rada i sušna vremena pukog preživljavanja, ali je, svemu usprkos, opstao! Osnovan je u prvoj polovici 14. stoljeća, razoren 1524, izgorio 1658, iznova izgrađen 1664, neko vrijeme prisilno napušten koncem 17. stoljeća, obnovljen 1821, dograđen 1833, i konačno sagrađen sadašnji 1892. godine. O njegovoj sedamstoljetnoj povijesti svjedoče kronike i drugi zapisi, knjižnica i arhiv, predmeti i djela primijenjene i likovne umjetnosti i sl. Blok tema o srednjovjekovlju posvećen je vladarskim ispravama izdanim u Sutjesci i na Bobovcu, njihovim jezičnim osobitostima, proglašenju Bosne kraljevstvom, stećcima sačuvanim u sutješkom kraju, slici uskrslog Krista i kralja Stjepana Tomaša, te vezama Bosne i Dubrovnika. U stoljećima osmanske vladavine, Kraljeva Sutjeska više nije imala ono političko značenje kao u vrijeme bosanske državne samostalnosti. Prestala je biti kraljevsko rezidencijalno sjedište, ali je ostala duhovno središte katolika i jedna od najvažnijih pastoralnih i kulturnih destinacija bosanskih franjevaca, a danas mjesto gdje su se ponajbolje sačuvali tragovi njihove višestoljetne prisutnosti. Stoga je niz referata posvećen kulturnom djelovanju bosanskih franjevaca, prije svega pisanoj riječi: ljetopisu sutješkoga samostana, latinskom pjesništvu, spisateljskim djelima nastalim u Sutjesci, ali također i prosvjetnom i školskom radu franjevaca u puku, uvjetima življenja pod osmanskom vlašću, kao i demografskoj slici katolika Sutjeske i okolice. Uz spomenuto, tematizirana su pitanja Bosne kao političke kategorije, karaktera i dometa crkvenog graditeljstva, tradicijskog nakita Hrvata sutješkoga kraja, jezična praksa franjevaca, ratna vremena…
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Tourism is a powerful tool to bring different countries together.By better knowing one another,people of different cultures and backgrounds will find it much harder to generate feelings of hatred and animosity against each other. Thus, the consolidation of interaction in the area of tourism between Serbia and Albania is very important for the further stabilization of the relations between the countries, since it will not only trigger better economic prospects but it will also positively change the perception that both nations have towards each other.Both Albania and Serbia have concentrated in the last decade to promote a better image of their respective countries by branding themselves as attractive tourist destinations of the Southeastern Europe region.
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Niniejsza publikacja jest kolejnym opracowaniem z serii Debiuty Ekonomiczne, przygotowanym w formie monografii, na którą składa się dziewięć artykułów autorstwa studentów działających w studenckich kołach naukowych Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu. Zaprezentowano w nich wyniki badań oraz analizy praktycznych i teoretycznych problemów gospodarczych zachodzących na poziomach mikro- i makroekonomicznym. Tytuł przedstawionej monografii: "Gospodarka w okresie dynamicznych przemian - poziom globalny i lokalny", odzwierciedla szeroki zakres tematyczny artykułów odnoszących się do procesów gospodarczych zachodzących zarówno na poziomie konsumentów, jak i na poziomie makroekonomicznym w odniesieniu do wybranych gospodarek narodowych czy rynków analizowanych na poziomie globalnym.
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This book collects scientific papers and reports presented on the conference ‘The Membership of Bulgaria in the EU: Twelve Years Later’ organized by the International Economic Relations and Business department at University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria. The conference, held on 25 October 2019, was dedicated to the 90th anniversary of prof. D.Sc. (Econ) Marin Petrov. The book contains select papers by leading economists from the university, dedicated researchers and Ph.D. students as well as external experts who provide valuable practical insights and contribute to the contemporary topics reviewed during the conference: EU Cohesion policy and its effects on SMEs; European Green Deal and its economic/geo strategic implications; The contribution of the existing gas infrastructure for EU’s and Balkans’ energy security; Expenditure factors for Eurozone growth; Income inequality in the EU; Fiscal stability of the EU; safe heaven assets; Digital single market; Environmental sustainability; renewables; comparative research for perceptions towards electro mobiles; Knowledge management system evolution. ‘The Membership of Bulgaria in the EU: Twelve Years Later’ is an annually organized academic event with the vision to foster open dialogue, offer contemporary research and exchange of ideas between fellow academics, policy makers, businesses, stakeholders, and the public.
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35 praktičnih naputaka za spas turizma u uvjetima zdravstvene krize. 1. Ako vas muče visoka temperatura, bol u mišićima, kašalj i grlobolja, to nije razlog da Dragom Gostu ne servirate doručak. 2. Ako Dragoga Gosta muče visoka temperatura i bol u mišićima, a uz to i napadno kašlje, to nije razlog da prema njemu budete rezervirani: svaka nacija ima pravo na svoju kulturu i običaje, a susret s istima može vas samo obogatiti.
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The aim of this paper is to compare theoretic knowledge about tourism impacts’ classification with a practice by assessing a contribution of the strategic priorities devoted to tourism development to main categories of tourism impacts. The research was conducted in three tourism destinations from the point of view of destination stakeholders. Data were collected by the means of semi-structured interviews with representatives of three stakeholder groups. The assessment was realized by the Likert scale in which the score indicates a contribution rate of the strategic priorities to generation of tourism impacts. The findings indicate that the link between the strategic priorities and perceived tourism impacts is not strong. Despite this fact, the research confirms an importance of the economic impacts for tourism development and their ability to influence stakeholders’ support of tourism policy. The aiming of tourism policy on the socio-cultural and environmental impacts is also detectable. However, stakeholders’ perception of the interdependence is weaker than in the case of the economic impacts.
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According to public surveys of the Sociological Institute of Academy of Sciences, Czech public has perceived terrorism as a major threat in the years 2015 and 2016. Also there are reports in the media that the fear of terrorism significantly changes the tourist´s preferences and proportion of foreign and homeland vacations. The aim of this article is to analyse available scientific articles and case studies that focus on the impact of terrorism on tourism and analyse how the structure of outbound tourism has in the Czech population in 2015 and 2016 really changed. The result of this article is a comprehensive overview of the basic issues of the impact of terrorist attacks on tourism from the point of view of neuroeconomics and the subsequent discussion of specific impacts on outbound tourism of Czech citizens. The article also discusses a change in outbound tourism in France, which became the target of two major terrorist attacks in 2015.
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The paper focuses on the issue of the tourism destination sustainability which is confronted with the problems caused by the different global trends. However, to determine particular approaches to managing tourism impacts on destination sustainability, it is necessary to identify the current global trends currently affecting tourism. Therefore, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview for categorization of key global trends and analysis of their potential impact on destination sustainability. For this purpose, a compilation of selected international studies is carried out. Using analytical-synthetic methods, the significant trends are then identified, classified and summarized in a specialized database, including the evaluation of the expected impacts on the destinations, their infrastructure, services, and products offered to a consumer. According to the OECD methodology, trends are divided into four basic categories – people, planet, productivity, and polity. However, due to the interconnection of trends, it is possible to apply multi-aspect categorization. For evaluation, it is necessary to take into account the interconnectivity and the mutual influence of the trends. Finally, the choice of model destinations is outlined based on the occurrence of identified trends, and further research procedures related to destination sustainability are proposed.
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The paper is focused on the issue of tourism destination competitiveness from the point of view of destination stakeholders. It focuses on the models of destination competitiveness and the factors of competitiveness. The paper presents the integrated model of competitiveness. The stakeholders’ role in this model concerns the research focused on key stakeholders in three tourist destinations in the Jindrichuv Hradec region. The aim of the research is to identify whether the stakeholders’ involvement in the concept of destination competitiveness has the potential to positively influence the interconnected factors of competitiveness. The primary research tool lies in the application of the AHP method, which enables stakeholders to make a pairwise comparison of the factors of competitiveness. The paper provides a simplified recipe for local DMOs to define tourism policy so to be able to utilize cooperation with stakeholders as a source of competitive advantage while simultaneously being able to generate the positive effects on the interconnected factors of competitiveness.
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The paper deals with the development of cooperation and the organisation of tourism in the Czech Republic which is currently undergoing changes. On the basis of forgein experience in the organization of destination management, the differences in the Czech system are highlighted. The 25-year-old process of forming the organization of tourism is described from the natural development pulled by demand through the “Czech Shortcut” to the consolidation of DMO in the form of the “Czech Deformation”. This represents the change in the structure of the organisation of tourism caused by supply side. The paper evaluates the current situation from the prespective of the DMO structure and of the cooperation among stakeholders in both the vertical and horizontal level. Finally, there is a prediction about the future direction of Czech DMOs. The paper is based on the own data research and questionnaire surveys.
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The technology development brings innovations in the tourism planning, marketing and strategy, also creates conditions for the emergence of innovative Global Positioning System (GPS) games, that influence tourism, for example geocaching. The aim of this article is through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and GRASS analyze the availability of caches (the main points of geocaching) in the selected area of Horný Liptov region. These points (caches) are hidden in tourist attractive places, which are due to geocaching "re-discovered" and create incentives for the further development of tourism in municipalities / regions. Based on our approach, we identified ten sites with the greatest potential for eco-tourism development or for building tourist infrastructure (sightseeing, benches, instructional walkways and information boards). Our approach can lead to the dissemination of awareness of the need for nature conservation or cultural heritage, as well as to the expansion of catering/accommodation facilities in municipalities which can support the local and regional economy.
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The effort to reach better people has continued throughout history. Mankind has always been able to reach technologies that have been the subject of science fiction novels in the recent past, as a result of the imagination of more. As a result of this, the technology of technologies has developed rapidly in every field and has become a part of life. The act of eating and drinking, which is an indispensable necessity of life, has also taken its share from these options. It is possible to encounter many technological developments, products and applications in the field of gastronomy. Some of them are used in production, some in product development, and some in marketing of produced consumption. It is seen that the aim of responding to the needs of different times in the products, technology and data discussed in the study has been developed. For purposes close to today, it is seen that they operate to maintain the perception of thinking something from them, generally from things, without meeting their needs. This study aims to capture the ultimate in gastronomy, which emerges as a result of currents that shape people's expectations or results today. The previous structures in the literature on the subject are valid descriptively.
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İdeal anlamda demokrasi anlayışının hedeflediği, “mahalli idarelerin aldıkları her türlü kararlar ile iş, işlem ve faaliyetlerinin, temelde varlık gerekçelerini oluşturan yerel halkın istek ve beklentileri doğrultusunda olması” şeklinde gerçekleşen bir yönetim olmaktır (Özdemir, 2011: 32). Kentlerin hızla büyüdüğü, buna paralel olarak problemlerinin de hızla arttığına dikkat edildiğinde, halkın birlikte hareket etmesinin, kendi bilgi ve deneyimlerini aktarmasının, bunun sonucunda da sorunları birlikte çözme davranışının ortaya konulmasının önemi her geçen an artmaktadır (Özdemir, 2011).
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Medical tourism is one of the forms of tourism with dynamic development in recent years. To determine the strategic development of the area, it is necessary to determine the strengths of the destination with regard to trends and opportunities that the market offers. The aim of this paper is to identify the competitive advantages of the Czech Republic in terms of medical tourism and answer the key question whether the Czech Republic has the prerequisites for future development. The evaluation was performed on the basis of a comparison of research reports of the Czech Tourist Board (CzechTourism) with international reports evaluating the competitiveness and position of the Czech Republic, namely the country reports of the International Medical Travel Journal, Euro Health Consumer Index, Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index. Furthermore, the services offered for foreign tourists were evaluated. A price comparison of selected procedures was also included. Based on the analysis, the competitive advantages of the Czech Republic were determined. The identified competitive advantages show that the Czech Republic has good potential for the development of medical tourism. Based on a comparison of the main final reports of foreign and domestic organizations, it follows that the main competitive advantages of the Czech Republic in the field of medical tourism are almost zero waiting times and low cost of quality medical procedures and quality medical care.
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The Dominican Republic is the most-visited country in the Caribbean. The development of tourism is continuous and, in the future, it is still going to be one of the most important sectors that brings significant source of income for the country. The country's dependence on tourism causes and is going to cause problems in economic, social and environmental areas. The aim of this article is to analyze the current situation and to identify problematic aspects of tourism and possibilities of future development based on an interview with the country's leading tourism expert. Among the most critical identified are water management, which overlaps only to tourism, but also to agriculture and the protection of natural resources, ownership of recreational facilities or the security of the country.
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The aim of the performed analysis was to identify and compare traces of destination and event management based on a historical analysis of dominant regional entities, specifically JZD Slušovice and its activities in the 1980s. Regional analyzes rely on a wide range of tools. Historical comparison is a method that allows to identify and modify "already known". Based on this method, historical precedents of destination and event management were identified, especially links between dominant regional subjects and interests determined on the basis of political and social, artificially created concepts, applicable also to contemporary destination and event management. An economic calculation using the "German tank problem" method (Goodman, 1954) proved the importance of computer production in the JZD Slušovice, the subsequent economic prosperity created a background for "nonproduction" activities. The identified targeted influencing of the social and cultural development of the region (by an economically dominant entity) can be meaningfully compared with the forms of current destination and event management. Due to the unavailability of statistical data from the analyzed period, the data were taken from contemporary sources, or from references to these sources, it was not always possible to verify the data.
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The paper discusses the non-mandatory elements of spatial planning and their role in strategic management. These, if properly shaped, can result in effective urban policy. The described individual components are necessary exaggerations and planning provisions that are most often absent from the formal documents, although they should be included as arguments to support the choices made by the local government authorities. Operational planning elements are essential in today’s urban management process. The most important of these include: (1) defining objectives in planning acts or their amendments, so that the documents are not just a formality, but can also be useful as an effective starting point for spatial operational policy; (2) identifying priorities, i.e. outlining the sequence of events; (3) coordination between parallel, social, economic and business activities, which should be mutually beneficial as a result of planning decisions. It is also important to have transparency when transferring the overall development goals into simple activities that, if executed together and in the right order, can produce the effects of a clear transformation of the urban space. These activities should be a component or a direct result of each planning study, regardless of its scale and impact. This chapter points out the optional elements of planning, using the city of Lodz as an example, indicating the direction of the city’s development based on a consciously chosen model of transformation, defining time perspectives and the zoning and sequence of investment activities. It also draws attention to the need to devel-op and implement greenery planning standards, identify local places of social integration, and achieve small potentials in the urban spatial policy.
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Purpose: The chapter explores the resilience of Poland’s economy to external shocks, focusing on the tourism sector. It aims to compare the impact of various crises, such as the financial crisis, sovereign debt crisis, COVID-19 pandemic, and the war in Ukraine, on tourist arrivals in Poland, Lithuania, Spain, and Portugal. Design/methodology/approach: Employing a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model and Impulse Response Functions (IRFs), the study analyses the effects of these crises on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign tourist arrivals (ARR). Data from the Eurostat Dissemination Database, spanning from Q1 2006 to Q4 2022, is used, with adjustments for seasonality and crisis-specific dummy variables. Findings: The research reveals notable differences in how these economies, with varying tourism dependencies, respond to external shocks. Tourism-dependent countries like Spain and Portugal exhibited greater sensitivity in their GDP and ARR to these shocks compared to less reliant countries like Poland and Lithuania. Research limitations/implications: The study’s scope is limited to four European countries and specific crises, suggesting the potential for broader future research. Practical implications: The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and tourism industry stakeholders, aiding in the development of strategies for crisis mitigation. Social implications: The chapter underscores the importance of resilient economic structures and policies in mitigating the broader social and economic impacts of crises. Originality and value: This chapter provides unique insights into economic resilience in the tourism sector during crises. Its comparative analysis across different European countries offers valuable perspectives for economists, policymakers, and researchers in understanding the dynamics of economic resilience and crisis management in tourism-dependent economies.
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Purpose: The aim of this chapter is to empirically verify the thesis (set out in the previous work) regarding the substitution changes in the tourism market caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The question was posed as to whether the travel substitution caused by the pandemic concerned substitution internal or external to the offer of the tourism market. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative research was conducted on the supply side and the demand side of the tourism market. The supply-side research comprised a direct (non-standardised) interview among representatives of the three main tour operators organising tourist trips on the Polish market. The demand study used a direct standardised interview method using an interview questionnaire. Findings: The results of the research showed internal substitution processes in the tourism market triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The changes affected trips to a slightly greater extent in 2020 than in 2021. The research showed lower external substitution, meaning that during the pandemic consumers did not want to give up tourism trips. Research limitations/implications: The research confirms the findings of other authors that the pandemic treated as a transformative force in tourism and hospitality, while the relatively short time after its end prevents long-term conclusions. Practical implications: The results can be used by service providers, to anticipate changes caused by contingencies, as well as to predict trends in tourism product design. Social implications: The research indicates the direction of change that a pandemic may provide a starting point for further observations. Originality and value: Most of the analysis is limited to quantitative phenomena related to the reduction of tourism trips as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The originality of the article is based on the analysis of the substitution processes in the tourism market by internaland external substitution. The added value is the simultaneity of the study on both the demand and the supply side of tourism.
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