4.50 €
Preview
Around the Bloc: Baku Scores Glitz Points for Inaugural F1 Race
Around the Bloc: Baku Scores Glitz Points for Inaugural F1 Race
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Around the Bloc: Baku Scores Glitz Points for Inaugural F1 Race
More...
Allegations of state-sponsored doping during the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics might lead to Rio Games ban.
More...
After World War II, with its sports achievements Bulgaria ranked among the most powerful countries. Its success in the field of high performance sport impressed the world to such an extent that it started talking about Bulgarian schools in wrestling, weightlifting, rhythmic gymnastics and rowing. The records of Stefka Kostadinova in the high jump and of Yordanka Donkova in the 100 meters hurdles remain unsurpassed to this day. Bulgaria was awarded prizes in a number of other sports disciplines. Factors for the brilliant development were the support (financial and material) from the state leadership, the coaching approach and the competitive spirit of athletes represented in the survey.
More...
This article examines the practice of swapping Olympic pins among participants, staff, and guests of the 2014 Olympic Games. The study is based on data obtained through participant observation by the author during the Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia. The observed phenomenon is unique because of its short-term nature, the closeness and high emotional pitch of the context in which it occurs, and the involvement of representatives of many different cultures. The author concludes that the practice of pin exchange consists of several distinct forms that hold different meaning for participants (corporative, expanded, collection-oriented, speculative, and imitative forms of exchange). The practice of pin exchange significantly transformed over the course of the Sochi Olympics, as it passed through various stages (renewal, infection, epidemic, parade, and museum). During the exchange process some Olympic pins come to hold subjective value for participants and acquire their own “history.” As a result, some pins are excluded from the process of exchange.
More...
Osteoporosis (osteoporosis) is a disease of our age now observed in individuals as well as the elderly.Besides the many known risk factors, excessive consumption of protein can cause destruction and disposal of calcium in the body. Hypertrophy of the athletes for their sports (growth of muscle cells) use protein products in addition to the existing diet with expectation. Bodybuilding sports who are being fed high protein diet and these are times to the chemical. Accordingly, the increase in body protein, and a more acidic environment, also reduces the possibility of natural calcium levels in the body during the pulse.
More...
Sports activities in science and technology has brought great success. The distorting the concept of fair play by the strain of the limits of the athletes physical borders leads a new industry. It should be noted that in sports science should be used correctly and equitable. While it has been discovered the secrets of human physiology, scientists are trying to determine the limits of the right amount and form of nutrition and supplements. These studies are in line with the coach and athlete is necessary to define the limits of ergogenic supports the concept of fair play within the framework of this science.
More...
Gaining excessive weight arise from many reasons directly or indirectly, but either they arise because of and being overweight stimulates many metabolic and joint diseases in addition to cardiovascular diseases, it is approached as a disease onset rather than a result of a disease. The advancing technology change the expectations of people from life as well. Economic power broadens the comfort zones of people but it brings inactivity with itself as well. More comfort brings more inactive lifestyle and with nutrition disorders this lifestyle increased the problem of our age obesity so much. However obesity is the stimulator of many problems, it is possible to get rid of it and its effects with the right action at the right time.
More...
It is known that exercise training, other than helping to improve physical fitness, struggles against geriatric syndromes along with chronic diseases like diabetics. Exercise is labelled as the “natural medicine” in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Another important aspect of doing physical exercise is its connection with the improvement of muscle and skeleton health which is linked with a developed state of health and life standard. Most of these beneficial effects are thought to be linked directly with myokines or with therapeutic approaches using myokine derivations. Myokines are the factors produced and secreted by muscle cells. These productions act as “recovery” factors which could be harmful in non pathological situations. In this regard, the term of “exercise-induced myokines” is not clear enough as it may refer both to processes stimulated with acute exercise and exercise training, and it is known that new studies are required to be made by the researchers.
More...
The illnesses caused by the rise of industrialization and the artificial foods which have become a part of our diet have increased the interest into natural foods. Milk, however it is less beneficial when un-treated and packaged, is gaining the importance that it deserves in our lives rapidly as a pleasant and refreshing drink. On the other hand, while milk is valuable in athlete nutrition with its natural form, fermented milks are one of the oldest and most important components in human nutrition. The aim of fermentation in milks is to obtain consistency in flavor and taste and to be able to get more long lasting dairy products. In recent years many scientific studies have been done on athlete nutrition with the improvements in sports sciences. These studies show that the healthy minerals and probiotics in milk and dairy products are important food supplements for both immune systems and balanced diets of athletes.
More...
Sport is one of the areas of social life where patterns of femininity and masculinity are defined. The body plays a basic role there, and competition almost always takes place with division into the sexes. Therefore, in the article I will raise the notions related to the non-standard bodies of a sportsman presented in the social space, with consideration of the division into the sexes. The sport body is a subject of interest as a product of socio-cultural practices. Hence, special attention is paid to the creation of particular categories and the relationships between them. The article raises the notions of changes that take place in the life of a physically disabled person which are caused by their engagement in a sports activity. The text is devoted to the problems of experiencing one’s corporeality, with division into the female and male body, and it serves to expose the similarities and differences of the sexes in sport for the disabled. Qualitative data are used in the research, collected through the technique of in-depth free interviews and observations conducted among the disabled who practice sports. Analysis and interpretation of the research material is performed in accordance with procedures of grounded theory.
More...
The aim of this review article is to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and calcium, which is one of important minerals on human body and musculoskeletal system. Calcium has an effect on musculoskeletal system injuries and tissue regeneration. Because calcium is essential for a healthy bone development, calcium should be taken into body at a sufficient level. On the other hand, the most important function of vitamin D, which is fat soluble, is to regulate and control calcium metabolism. Minerals and vitamins have important roles in human body and musculoskeletal system.. Calcium carries out an important duty in order to hold calcium cells together, contract muscles, function nerves, provide a normal blood pressure and and build bones and teeth. Like calcium, vitamin D has an important effect on musculoskeletal system. In case of vitamin D or calcium deficiency, athletes go through musculoskeletal system problems.
More...
This paper deals with the analysis of sports discourse in Croatian through the theoretical framework offered by conceptual metaphor theory. Within this framework, certain metaphorical expressions found in sports discourse are analyzed as expressions of two conceptual metaphors: sport is war and sport is force. The analysis of these metaphorical expressions combines the methodology of cognitive linguistics with corpus linguistics, resulting in the proposal of a new method for discourse analysis in general. In our research, we introduce the notion of the specialized digitized corpus as a basis for further quantitative and qualitative research. On the basis of the specialized digitized corpus created for the purposes of this research, it is shown how the formation of sports discourse is dependent on three categories of metaphorical expressions relative to the degree of their conventionalization within sports discourse: (a) conventionalized, (b) semi-conventionalized, and (c) innovative metaphorical expressions. Each of these categories is analyzed according to their frequency and various aspects of meaning that it entails. Through the introduction of the semi-conventionalized metaphorical expression category, we aim to examine the gradable line between language creativity and conventionality as it is formed within the discourse of sports.
More...
While football appeals as a charming theatrical recreation activity to the masses, at the same time it is a field of where labour capital relations emerge for those who perform it. Football, as one of the economic sectors existing in Turkey, reflects country-specific production relations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the football player and club management relations, in other words labour capital relations in football in sub-professional leagues especially in the third league in Turkey. Wage and social security problems of football players playing in second and third leagues in various clubs, as well as union needs consist theoretical background of this study. In the study “Semi-Structured in-depth Interview” was done with 7 football players in lower leagues and especially who experienced third leagues. According to conclusions of the study it was found that: Subjects who are playing in third league express that they earn lower wage in comparison to top leagues, they assert that contracts which they signed don’t overlap the money they agreed with managers and labour union is a necessity in sub professional leagues -especially in order to defend workers’ rights of football players in third league-. In the final analysis, problems of football workers who sustain their lives by playing football in the lower leagues relevant to wage and contract assurance are waiting to be solved, in this process union formations in football take important missions as a resolution centre.
More...
The present study examined the National Football League’s (NFL) “A Crucial Catch” breast cancer awareness campaign in the United States. Variables included identification with NFL athletes, exposure to the campaign, NFL fanship, and intention to schedule a breast cancer screening (the action promoted by NFL athletes in this PR campaign). Social media outlets and an e-mail listserv of the School of Communication at Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York, USA were employed to solicit participants (n=119) in a survey. A questionnaire composed of items modified from Brown and Bocarnea’s (2007a) Celebrity-Persona Parasocial Identification Scale to investigate identification with NFL athletes was used. Statistically significant relationships were found between identification with NFL athletes and exposure, identification with NFL athletes and intention to schedule a breast cancer screening, and identification with NFL athletes and NFL fanship. NFL fanship was also significantly related to exposure to the campaign. Implications for future studies analyzing PR campaigns produced by the NFL and FIFA are suggested.
More...
In this study, the changing world order, leisure time, are organized according to particular norms of capitalist values and includes a new meaning and usage. The theoretical approach to leisure time, free time carries the ideological, political, and social changes that highlight the capitalist. Leisure and variable devices on the dominant role and the nature of the subject of criticism has been particularly susceptible to commercial exploitation in modern societies, and highlights the approaches mentioned before, and idle time approaches, with emphasis on cultural buildings with the modern era has acquired free time brought a new openness to views of Armenian Culture will be examined with reference to the element of ethnic origin. We talked with 32 Armenian people who live in Vakifli village of Hatay-Samandag. We search their leisure time activities about their culture. Armenian people who live in provincial, generally do church originated activities, hunting, doing some fests, meetings and dances. These people, who are particularly isolated from groups and general, are usually do activities like watching television, or going to cafes.
More...
In this study, it was aimed to reveal the social, economic and political consequences of the operation against match-fixing incidence on July 3, 2011, which created reactions in Turkish football. A legal operation was carried out against Turkish football on July 3, 2011. A lot of administrators, footballers, coaches and managers were arrested with the claim of involving match-fixing and incentive premiums in various football competitions. The news on match-fixing event mostly focused particularly on Fenerbahçe FC and its’ president on the media. At the beginning of the operation, certain parts of the media reported the operation with the title "Clean Football". Clean football was also a necessity for the expression "New Turkey" which has been uttered within many subjects. In the same year, Fenerbahçe FC was disqualified from joining the UEFA Champions League. The incident was brought to UEFA, the CAS, and the Swiss Federal Courts and became an event which was to be solved at an international level. The operation caused losses in the broadcasting incomes of the encrypted channel bearing the broadcast rights and caused damage on the football clubs, particularly on Fenerbahçe FC. Play Off application was put into practice in order to prevent more losses on football capitalism including the clubs, broadcasting channel and the sponsors. Another important outcome of the incidence was the protests of Fenerbahçe fans after the operation held by the police forces and during the trial process. These protests indicated in a peculiar way to Turkey that football is one of the recent rising social identities. The remission in the upper and lower limits of the penalties relating match fixing in sports after July 3 caused some disagreements among the members of the party in power. One of the consequences of the event was that the relationship between football and parallel state structure (FETO) came to the public. Within this context, the Period restarted with a new case. The new case is the one which is still on the trial with the name “match-fixing conspiracy”. The main defendant in this new case is Fethullah Gülen. The match-fixing event continues to be preserved in the recent history of Turkey with its results affecting the present day by being articulated with social, political and economic processes.
More...
Full-fledged nations have had, and continue to have, the possibility to strengthen their national identity by participating in international sports competitions, such as the Olympic Games, and can use positive results in the international sports arena for national self-assertion. Globalization has opened up even more possibilities for nations to participate in international competitions. Ethnic and national minorities, classified as ethnies in the sense of Smith (see references), are excluded from these possibilities. Athletes and teams of ethnic and national minorities can only participate in international competitions if they join the sports ranks of the majority nation. However, another strategy is observed among ethnic and national minorities in order to make use of sports as a tool of soft power to strengthen internal cohesion and to team up with international sports organizations, like the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF). It turns out that among ethnic and national minorities, unique sports are to be found that form a substantial attribute of their identities. In this paper, this sports strategy of ethnies will be illustrated with two case studies, namely autochthonous sports that have originated from the Basque minorities in Spain and France and the Frisian minority in the Netherlands.
More...
This paper delves into the complex issue of football-related violence in Croatia, linking it to the country’s rich historical narrative and social dynamics. It seeks to understand the multifaceted factors contributing to violence within football culture, a phenomenon deeply tied to national identity. The research aims to analyze the interconnections between historical events, societal structures, and political influences that shape football-related violence, guided by the central question: “How do historical, social, and political contexts influence the occurrence of violence in football culture in Croatia?” Two key hypotheses underpin the study: first, that football violence has historical roots extending beyond recent decades, challenging the notion of it being a modern phenomenon; second, that media sensationalism plays a significant role in shaping public perception, often obscuring the historical context of such violence. By examining these dimensions, the paper aims to provide insights into the causes of football-related violence. It may serve as a foundation for potential solutions to at least part of the problem, contributing to the broader goal of reducing violence in football.
More...
This research analyzes the media discourse on racism in football in Germany. The main goal of this paper is to find linguistic patterns that should reflect the way in which racist behavior is related to the immigrant background of certain football players. For this purpose, several media texts were selected that describe cases in which some German football players were exposed to racism, such as Jérôme Boateng, Mesut Özil and Gerald Asamoah. These three show different contexts that encouraged racist behavior towards them, but all three cases could be summed up by Mesut Özil’s sentence: “German when we win, immigrant when we lose”. The methodology applied in this work is based on the linguistic analysis of the discourse. This approach has especially developed among German linguists who believe that discourse analysis should be conducted exclusively on the basis of the language itself and linguistic patterns, and that conclusions are drawn only on the basis of what is linguistically realized.
More...
The main objective of the article has been to make a review of the most controversial aspects of bilingual education, mainly focusing on the subject of Physical Education. To this end, a search of the scientific literature was carried out in the main databases (Dialnet, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS) taking into account articles dealing with bilingual education, CLIL and Physical Education. In this way, a series of factors have been found that may go unnoticed and are not politically correct to publish as they are criticisms of the fashionable educational trend, bilingualism. The aspects dealt with are included in the following points: the content of the subject to be taught, motivation problems in students, difficulties and exhaustion on the part of teachers, the questioning of an inclusive school and analysis at a political level. These points are firstly discussed in general terms and, after that, more deeply in relation to the subject of Physical Education. All these aspects show that the Spanish educational system is at a crossroads in which it must reflect on the consequences of these changes and propose new alternatives.
More...