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"Naša naloga, smer in cilj" Idejne osnove sokolske misli in vzgoje

Author(s): Tomaž Pavlin / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2009

After World War I the so-called "Sokoli" (Falcons) as a national defence and gymnastic movement with its idea and education clashed with the positions of the traditional tutor - the Roman Catholic Church - and was thus involved in the cultural struggle. The founder of the Sokoli idea and gymnastic activities was Miroslav Tyrš, a Czech who defined the basic guidelines and tasks of the Sokoli movement in his article Our Task, Direction and Goal, published in 1871. The author of the following contribution shall define the Sokoli education and idea on the basis of Tyrš's article. Within the Slovenian Sokoli movement, this idea was introduced by Viktor Murnik.

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"Ženski sport nije pravi sport": negativni stereotipi prema sportašicama i doživljaj rodne neravnopravnosti u rukometu u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Zrinka Greblo,Višnja Ljubičić,Lidija Bojić-Ćaćić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

The main aim of the study was to determine how often young handball players encountered negative stereotypes towards sportswomen. In addition, we examined whether young sportswomen who were differentially exposed to those stereotypes differed in their perception of gender inequality regarding training conditions and sporting achievement appraisal of boys and girls in their sports clubs. The study involved 522 handball players (289 boys and 233 girls) whose ages ranged from 14 to 17 years (M = 14.75; SD = 0.96). The results showed that 94.5 % of boys and 95.6 % of girls who participated in the study have heard negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and/or the sports in which they participate. Young sportswomen were more often exposed to the attitudes according to which sports activities are not suitable for girls (U = 28188,00, p <0,05) as well as to the attitudes implying that women’s sports are not attractive (U = 28111.00, p <0.05). Furthermore, girls who were more often exposed to negative stereotypes towards sportswomen more frequently reported that boys and girls in their club trained in unequal conditions (U = 3551,000, p <0.001) and that their sports achievements were not valued equally (U = 3353,500, p <0,001). The obtained results indicate the need to undertake measures to combat the negative stereotypes towards sportswomen and enable equal training conditions and equal sports achievements evaluation for boys and girls who participate in sports.

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"Żydy" i "psy" w stadionowym języku nienawiści

Author(s): Kazimierz Sikora / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2019

The paper discusses selected problems of the language of football fanatics who constitute the so- -called szalikowcy subculture (‘hooligans; lit. scarfers’). The author pays most attention to two (pejorative) personal expressions: żyd ‘Jew’ and pies ‘dog’ which, in the hate-saturated conflict between the fans of two clubs from Cracow, Cracovia and Wisła, are used as heavy insults and invectives serving to humiliate and depreciate the opponent. The paper analyses the sphere of negative semantic connotations of both words, their origin and fluctuations.

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(LJUDSKO) TELO I FITNES: NEKOLIKO OSNOVNIH PROMIŠLJANJA IZ ANTROPOLOŠKE PERSPEKTIVE

Author(s): Nevena Milanović Minić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2020

In this article, I tackle the issue of relation between the human body and fitness, from a sociocultural perspective. I deploy theoretical standpoints of anthropology of the body, and focus on social and cultural conventions about physical appearance, subsequently defining the human body as a resource shaped by culture, and not just a mere physical entity. The body in sport, athletic body and the fit body are perceived as products of a discourse, in this case – the fitness culture. To gain a comprehensive insight into the concept of fitness culture, I offer the comparation between relation of sport and the body, and relation between fitness and the body. Seemingly, the fitness industry represents a wide polygon for various cultural practices, that are actually a constituent part of a widespread cultural pattern and acquired, self-regulating bodily practices. Fitness is defined as a social and cultural construct, masqueraded as a form of leisure and individual recreation in a contemporary society, and the body in fitness is perceived as a site of subjugation and desire to achieve the ideal (fit) body.

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(Re)konstruowanie własnej (nie)pełnosprawności – przemiany w sposobie percypowania siebie osoby z dysfunkcjami ciała uprawiającej sport

Author(s): Jakub Niedbalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The article is intended to analyze reconstruction of an image related to two categories of disabled persons: those physically active and passive. On the one hand, I focus on the way, which the disable individuals perceive their own situation in, considering their status as persons who practice or do not practice sport. On the other, I attempt to determine how the said individuals reconstruct their image subject to assessment by others, depending on whether they are physically active or passive. For that purpose, I make references to the disabled individuals’ opinions on their own (subjective self), and their evaluation of how they are seen by the fully capable persons (reflected self). In other words, it is confrontation of an image of physically active and passive persons with opinions and feelings experienced directly by the respondents, with their image arising from other people’s opinions.

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(Red.) Matthias Marschik, Rudolf Müllner, Gherardo Bonini, Otto Herschmann und die Olympische Bewegung. Die Etablierung des modernen Sports in Österreich

Author(s): Dariusz Wojtaszyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2022

Review of: Dariusz Wojtaszyn - Otto Herschmann und die Olympische Bewegung. Die Etablierung des modernen Sports in Österreich, red. Matthias Marschik, Rudolf Müllner, Gherardo Bonini, Wien: Löcker 2021, 304 ss.

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... a bramki są dwie

Author(s): Marcin Wiatr / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

In the book Wilimowski (Wrocław, 2016) Bosnian writer Miljenko Jergović describes the phenomenon of Silesian identity through the story of Ern(e)st Wil(l)imowski, one of the most outstanding Upper Silesian footballers of the 20th century.

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10 HAFTALIK CORE ANTRENMANIN 11-13 YAŞ ARASI KIZ YÜZÜCÜLERDE FİZİKSEL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ

Author(s): Türker Bıyıklı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2018

This study aimed to investigate whether the 10-weeks core exercises applied to female swimmers of 11- 13 age group have an acute effect on their physical performance. Forty athletes from FMV Işık Sports Club participated in the study voluntarily. The athletes divided into two groups (research and control) and 20 m speed, vertical jump, shuttle, right-left grip, standing long jump, balance and flexibility measurements were taken from these two groups. In the analyze of the obtained data in addition to descriptive statistical methods such as Mean (X) and Standard Paired-Samples t-test was used for pre-test and post-test differentiation between the groups. The findings were evaluated at .05 significance level in 95% confidence interval. According to analyze results, after the 10 weeks core trainings, significant differences were found between the participants’ speed, vertical jump, balance, shuttle, right-left hand grip and elasticity results. As a result, the core training which is applied according to before adolescence or in adolescence contributes to physical performance of child athletes.

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10-13 Yaş Grubu Ortaokul Öğrencilerinde Cinsiyetin Sürat Performansına Etkisi

Author(s): Serhat Turan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2016

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of gender on the 30 m sprint performance of middle school students (10-13 ages). The study included 25 male and 25 female total 50 middle school students. The mean age of female students was found as 12,36 ± 0,48 (year), the mean body weight as 42,03 ± 3,63 (kg), and the mean height as 151,11 ±5,61 (cm), and the mean age of male students was found as 12,28 ± 0,45 (year), the mean height as 152,28 ± 5,04 (cm), and the mean body weight as 43,35 ± 1,88 (kg). The mean sprint performance of female students was calculated as 6,33 ± 0,53 seconds, and the mean sprint performance of the male students was 6,17 ± 0,47 seconds. As a result the effect of gender on sprint performance was found to be insignificant between the groups (p>0,05).

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12 HAFTALIK EKSANTRİK-PLİOMETRİK ANTRENMAN PROGRAMININ GENÇ GÜREŞÇİLERİN ANTROPOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE VÜCUT YAĞ YÜZDELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMAS

Author(s): Samet Şanslı,İsmail Kaya / Language(s): Turkish Issue: SI1/2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 week eccentric-plyometric training program on body composition and body fat percentages of young wrestlers. In this study, 15-19 age group total 30 wrestlers who were 15 subjects and 15 control group were determined as study population. They all participated in the study voluntarily. The variables of the success rates of anthropometric parameters of the subject and control group athletes who was participated in the measurements were analyzed. Height, weigh, fat measurements and body measurements were to taken from athletes who joined to researchs. Skinfold sliding calipler and tape measurer were used for measurements. Durning womerseley formule was applied to measure body fat percentages. Obtained data were used for t-test for independent two groups with SPSS 17.00 program, with α=0.05 significance level, to determine differences with subject group and control group. Significance level was accepted as p<0,05-0,01. In this study, plyometric training program after training showed that the wrestlers body composition and body fat percentages revealed significant differences in favour of subjects percentages P<0.05. Findings obtained from this study presented that training programs have effects on body fat percentages of junior wrestlers.

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12-14 YAŞ GRUBU HENTBOL VE TENİS PERFORMANS SPORCULARIN FİZİKSEL ANTROPOMETRİK VE MOTORİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Author(s): Berat Koçyiğit,Erkan Çimen,Seydi Karakuş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: S1/2018

The purpose of the study is to compare the physical anthropometric and motoric characteristics of handball and tennis performance athletes aged 12-14 years. The speed measurements of the groups included in the study were taken with photocell device, resilience measurements were performed by using sit-out test, hand paw force hand dynamometer, anaerobic power vertical jump jump meter, anthropometric measurements using environmental measurements of tape measure and skinfold caliper devices in subcutaneous fat measurements. SPSS 17 package program was used for the analysis of the data and an independent sample t-test was used to determine the differences between the physical and motoric characteristics of the groups. Age, height, body weight and athlete's age parameters of handball and tenis participating in the study were found to be significantly different only among athlete's ages. Flexibility of the groups, 10m 30m speed values and suprailiak parameters for subcutaneous fat measurements were found to be p<0.05, and in the values of hip, thigh and calf as circumference measurement, significant differences were found in the handball players compared to tennis players. As a result; tennis and handball athletes' flexibility and speed performances were evaluated while tennis players are better, strength values and anthropometric characteristics of the handball players were observed to be better. It is thought that these differences are due to different physical characteristics and training programs required by the sports branch.

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12-14 Yaş Grubu Tenis Ve Basketbol Sporcularinin Sürekli Dikkat Becerilerinin Karşilaştirmasi

Author(s): Bülent DURAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 53/2022

Attention is an indispensable part of life and we continously with it all the time. Attention is a selective behaviour against to a special item among lots of stimulant around. Present researches of attention mostly studied with children and about attention deficit disorder. In this study we aimed to compare attention skills of tennis player and basketball player children. Participants of this study are 218 children containing 92 female and 126 male children from Istanbul. Data analysed with SPSS and appropriate statistical tests. Statistical mean accepted as (p < .05). According to results of the research, tennis player children showed more attention skills compared to basketball player cohort. Gender differences didn’t show any statistical meaning (p > .05). As a conclusion basketball player children have higher attention skills than tennis player children also gender differences have no effects on this observation.

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13-14 YAŞ ARASI ADÖLESANLARDA EL BOYUTLARI İLE EL KAVRAMA KUVVETİNİN İLİŞKİSİ

Author(s): Ali Işın,Çağhan Buğra Ödül Özus,Tuğba Melekoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of hand dimension on handgrip strength in adolescents aged 13-14 years who do or not play sports. A total of 56 adolescents (28 athletes and 28 non-athletes) aged between 13-14 years volunteered to participate in this study. Body length (cm), body weight (kg), body mass index (kg / m2), handgrip strength and hand dimension were measured. Hand dimension, lenght and handgrip measurements were taken from the dominant hand of the volunteers SPSS v.24 program was used to evaluate the normality distributions of the data, the level of difference between the groups and the relation between them. As a result of this study, it was found that the handgrip strengths of the athletes were significantly higher than the non-athletes (p <0,01). However, there were no significant differences between the hand dimensions of the athletes compared to the non-athletes. When the relationship between the hand dimension and the strenght parameters is examined in adolescents, it is seen that as the hand length, the hand area and the hand circumference increase, strenght values also increase. There was a correlation between hand dimensions and handgrip strength values (p <0.001).

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13-15 Yaş Grubu Erkek Yüzücülerde 8 Haftalik Core Antrenmaninin Sirt Üstü Stili 100 M Performansina Etkisi

Author(s): Ahmet Gönener,Deniz Demirci,Utku Gönener,Beyza Özer,Ozan Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: S1/2017

In this study, It was aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week core training on backstroke swimming style 100 m performance in male swimming group of 13-15 age group. 24 athletes from the Gebze Gençlerbirliği Swimming Club participated in this study. The groups are divided into experiment group and control group randomly as 12 persons per group. During the study, the experimental group participated in core training in addition to swimming for 3 days a week. Control group just participated in swimming training during the survey. The exercises were designed as strength training for core muscles for 8 weeks. 100 m swimming test was used as a test measurement tool. The obtained data from pre and post test comparison was analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test in SPSS 21.0 statistical package program. When the pretest and posttest results were compared as intragroup, a statistically significant difference was found in the experimental group (p<.05). Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference in pretest-posttest comparison of the control group (p>.05). As a result, it was seen that the core area trained by 8-week core training on 13-15 age male swimmers have a positive effect on 100 m backstroke style performance.

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13-16 YAŞ ARASI ALTYAPI FUTBOLCULARININ MÜSABAKA DÖNEMİNDEKİ DURUMLUK KAYGI DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Nurgül Tezcan Kardaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2018

Present study aimed to analyze the state anxiety levels of 13-16 year-old footballers during competition period. Research group consisted of 320 male football players aged between 13-16 playing in infrastructure leagues from Düzce Province. To collect data in addition to personal information form developed by the researcher, “State Anxiety Level Scale” which was developed by Koç (2004) was used. The data evaluated with SPSS 25 package program using the independent samples t test and ANOVA. According to analyze results there was no significant difference on the variable state anxiety of the participants according to age, family income and the person who evokes the emotion of responsibility before the match however, there was a significant difference according to the person who evokes the emotion of responsibility (p=.014; p<0.05) after the match. As a conclusion it was seen that the factors affecting the state anxiety levels of footballers appears in several ways and this situation can be affected by various factors.

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15-19 Yaş Karate Sporcularının Serbest Zaman Doyum Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Author(s): Murat Çelebi,Tayfun Kaya / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

This study aimed to analyze leisure satisfaction of 15-19 age student karate athletes according to gender, age and year of doing sports. The study sample consisted of 114 male and 146 female students. The participants were chosen according to simple random sampling method. In the study to collect data Turkish version of the leisure satisfaction scale was used. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data. In the analyzes of the data as the data did not show normal distribution Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis tests were used at 95% confidence level. According to analyze results, leisure satisfaction of the participants did not show any significant difference according to gender, age and year of doing sports (p>0.05).

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1980-2018 YILLARI ARASI TÜRKİYE’DE REKREASYON ALANINDA YAPILAN LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Harun Ayar,Mustafa Can Koç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: S1/2018

This study was carried out with the aim of providing an insight to individuals and future studies in this field by observing how much increase from the beginning of the dissertations about recreation in our Turkey. During this study, electronic archive system of the council of higher education was observed to find the dissertations on recreation in Turkey between the years of 1980- 2018. As a result of the researches, we discovered 402 studies which are 321 of post graduate and 81 of doctorate dissertations. Key words of recreation, spare time, leisure time were searched in the search part of electronic archive system of the council of higher education to get the dissertations in the field of recreation. Dissertations on recreation were evaluated by considering their years, universities, topics, main topics, institutions, access situations, title of consultant and total pages. While these data were getting, we paid attention the studies which have the same words with others. Thus, it has been avoided to use them twice. SPSS 24 was used for data collection. At the first phase of the analysis, general situation; distribution by years, universities, topics and main topics of the post graduate dissertations were examined. In conclusion, recreation has been gathered around 12 different main themes and 34 different department has carried out dissertation around these themes. This has revealed that recreation is a multidimensional department and a lot of fields effect recreation. If the dissertations or articles about recreation not only focus on this field but also other fields and common studies are carried out as far as possible, recreation will be understood better and it will make significant contributions to the field.

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2D:4D digit ratio and its relationship to BMI, sporting choices and physiological predispositions among women

Author(s): Agnieszka Tomaszewska,Julia Anna Lubońska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The 2D:4D digit ratio has been established as a biomarker of the level of exposure to prenatal sex hormones’ balancebetween prenatal testosterone (PT) and estrogenne levels. Higher 2D:4D indicates lower PT exposure and vice versa. Data suggests that PT exposure is linked to a risk-taking attitude and physical aggressiveness, both of which are requirements in contact sport. A possible correlation between 2D:4D and human body mass index has also been identified. The aim of the study was to examine the relation between 2D:4D ratio and choice of sport. It was assumed that female soccer players who choose a contact sport would have a lower 2D:4D ratio (thus experiencing higher exposure to PT) than female volleyball players (selecting non-contact sport). The analysis was also aimed at identifying whether a correlation between prenatal testosterone level and BMI exists. The participant sample consisted of 103 women – 36 volleyball players, 33 soccer players and a control group (N=34). Measurements were collected in 2019–2020. The results suggest that 2D:4D was significantly different in women practicing various sports (contact and non-contact sports). Women engaged in contact sports had lower 2D:4D than women engaged in non-contact sports, and vice versa (p<0.05). 2D:4D correlated positively with BMI and body weight – the higher the 2D:4D ratio, the higher the BMI and body weight (and vice versa) (p<0.05). Low 2D:4D (high PT exposure) may predict the choice of more risky, aggressive contact sports, and vice versa. High 2D:4D may predict a higher BMI and body weight, and vice versa.

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3D kinematická analýza bikrosového startu

Author(s): Sylva Hřebíčková,Miriam Kalichová,Romana Labounková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2012

The paper deals with techniques bicross start. The aim of this study is to analyse particular phases of BMX start through cinematographic metod and to evaluate basic cinematic parameters of first movements. For scanning the picture we used two high-frequency synchronized digital cameras SIMI MOTION Version 7. The bicross start was performed by two representatives of the Czech Republic, one man and one woman. The result of our study is a distribution of start movement to five basic phases. According to kinematic parameters of initial movements we compared differences between start techniques of each tested person.

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4th International Scientific Conference SEC - IASR 2019

Author(s): Simona Marin,Petronel Moisescu / Language(s): English

4th International Scientific Conference "Sports, Education, Culture - Interdisciplinary Approaches in Scientific Research", SEC-IASR 2019, Galati, Romania, 7th – 8th June, 2019

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