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Professor Jan Rowiński died on 2 January 2023 in Piaseczno (near Warsaw). He was a member of the Academic Council of the Centre of East Asian Studies at the University of Gdańsk and of the scholarly bi-annual journal Gdańsk East Asian Studies.Jan Rowiński was a professor of the University of Warsaw. As a scholar and a diplomat, he was concerned with China for most of his professional life. He wrote many scholarly articles and books on the politics, culture, and history of China, and his passion for these subjects inspired generations of undergraduates, doctoral students, and colleagues. Inter alia, he owed his knowledge of China and the Chinese to the experience of the many years he spent there first as a student and later as a diplomat.He was born on 11 May 1936 in Kiełpiny. From 1954 to 1959, he studied at the University of Beijing and at the Institute of Diplomacy in Beijing. From the beginning of his studies in Beijing he devoted his entire professional life to the study of East Asia, especially China. He witnessed the transformations that took place in China, and observed the changes in the structures of power there. China had a considerable influence on his way of life. It is difficult to overestimate his contribution to research into that part of the world.His professional life ran on two tracks: on one hand, in diplomacy; on the other, in the academic world. As an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs he worked in the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Beijing. Between 1995 and 2001, he was counsellor-minister plenipotentiary and deputy ambassador of the Republic of Poland to the People’s Republic of China. From 1969, he was connected with the Polish Institute of International Affairs, where he held several academic posts, and after completing his habilitation in 1987 was appointed professor there. In 2002, he became professor at the Institute of International Relations of the University of Warsaw in the Faculty of Journalism and Political Science, where he worked until 2013. At the University of Warsaw, he conducted classes on the foreign policies of China and Japan, the history and civilization of East Asia, and international relations in the Asia-Pacific region. He supervised the work of many doctoral students and reviewed doctoral and post-doctoral dissertations.For his achievements, Professor Rowiński was awarded the Knight’s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Gold Cross of Merit.
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There are four versions of the proverb Amicus Plato sed magis amica veritas, namely: 1. Amicus Socrates sed magis amica veritas; 2. Amicus Socrates, amicus Plato sed praehonoranda veritas; 3. Et veritatem diligimus et Platonem sed rectius est diligere veritatem; 4. Minime vero veritati praeferandus est vir. In total we, therefore, have five versions that circulated in the Middle Ages and in modern times. I talk about these versions and their history in the following text.
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To define ‘kitsch’, we tried to have a look, in hindsight, at the conditions which led to the emergence of this new concept, later, to its development and finally, to its inevitable and noticeable presence. Our analysis focuses on the semantics of the word which originated around the city of Munich, at the end of the 19th century, and was used in reference to superficial, botched things. It is obvious that this first definition of kitsch contradicts the idea of art seen as an expression of multiple meanings of human creativity. Nevertheless, one cannot ignore the numerous congruent elements between authentic art and kitsch or situations where a difference between the two of them is difficult to make. Hence, we have come to the conclusion that any analysis of kitsch should be cautiously done and that eventually, everything depends on the author’s talent and artistic judgment and equally, on the consumer’s too.
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The establishment of Reading rooms, Cultural societies and Libraries, laid the foundations of a cultural Movement for the preservation of National Identity in Bucovina, after 1850. These actions were supported by the Academic and Cultural Societies in this historic area, contributing to the launch of the activity of cultural, social and economic emancipation of the population. Archive researches have shown that the activity of Reading rooms continued after 1918. Addresses, statistical lists, requests and other documents are evidence of their functioning by organizing parties and folk celebrations with archers, ploughmen and other local societies.
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Roland Barthes said that fashion comes from the collective imitation of a constantly renewing novation. The actors who accelerate its appearance are also those who each year propose a different fashion. Thus, there is a permanent renewal of clothing items bought by consumers, and its direct consequence is that the items proposed by fashion designers are also renewed. Fashion thus becomes by definition an institution that challenges the consumer to buy permanently.
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As we can see from the history of fashion development, it has always had a significant impact on a person's life in society. Today, almost all over the world, people dress as they please. What was unacceptable not so long ago is now considered fashionable. Fashion, first of all, is a way to emphasize the individuality and uniqueness of a person. Today, fashion is truly unique because it involves a constant transformation of one's own image.
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Physical education in the institutions of military university education is a mandatory discipline that is carried out systematically and continuously, throughout the duration of the studies and is led by specialized personnel. Military physical education has the largest weight among the specialized disciplines, this constituting the basis of the training process of young soldiers. In the context of the military conflicts in Ukraine, the military's physical training, a component of the battle preparation process, should be the focus of the army leadership. Modern training methods that contain programs designed to develop all components of physical training are always welcome. Cross-training can be a solution for agility training, an indispensable component in the military training process.
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Review of: Călători români privind pe fereastra trenului. O încercare de istorie culturală (1830-1930) / Romanian Passengers Looking Out of the Train Window. An Attempt of Cultural History / Radu MÂRZA, Iași, Polirom
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Review of: Representing Place and Territorial Identities in Europe. Discourses, Images and Practices/ Tiziana BANINI & Oana-Ramona ILOVAN (eds.), Springer, Cham, 2021, 265 p.
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Review of: The Historical Geography of Croatia. Territorial Change and Cultural Landscapes/ Borna FUERST-BJELIŠ & Nikola GLAMUZINA, Springer, Cham, 2021, 203 p.
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Review of: Dezvoltare durabilă şi rezilienţă. Perspective teritoriale şi abordări multidisciplinare [Sustainable Development and Territorial Resilience. Territorial Perspectives and Multidisciplinary Approaches] / Alexandru BĂNICĂ & Alexandru-Ionuţ PETRIŞOR (editors), Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, 2021, 373 p.
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This paper contains following book review: Zajac, Peter. Od estetiky k poetike chvenia. Bratislava: Veda, vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 2020. 455 stran. ISBN 978-80-224-1846-1.
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