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Spinoza wrote the most fascinating politico-philosophical texts during his life, because these were intertwined with his life, with the events he attended and actively involved in, hoping for a reformation of the world in which he lived. Theologico-Political Treatise and On the Improvement of the Understanding reveal us that Spinoza does not belong to eternity, but to his time. He was a thinker who wrote first of all for its contemporaries, for the people of the 17th century.In this paper I will analyze in the psychoanalytic key these two texts and the context in which they were elaborated because we can better understand the philosopher's reaction to the events of his time.Firstly, I will point out that these two treaties wrote by the Dutch philosopher captured the spirit attempt to maintain its thinking independence on emotional tensions that threatened to throw the soul of man in the whirl of regrettable events and actions. Secondly, I will show that Spinoza, a man of his time, was directly involved in the complicated process that aimed solutions for a spiritual unification of the old continent in the second half of the 17th century. He was able to experience a vast array of emotional states ranging from ambivalence to fear and despair and from resignation to enthusiasm in front of scientific and political realities which were on the way to be acomplish in the favorable conditions of the new Europe that emerged after Peace of Westphalia.
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On July 11, 2017, Christian Takov, a lecturer in Law for 25 years, left us.The conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Law Department of New Bulgarian University (NBU), is the latest scientific conference with his participation. He did not succeed to send a report, but agreed on publishing a text, based on the audio and video recordings of his presentation "The Reaction of the Right against Abuse".For many, Christian Takov was the most generous and demanding lecturer, who loved students, and who to his last breath struggled for their souls and hearts so that a new generation of lawyers, irreconcilable with corruption and injustice, could be born.
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The report analyses the regulation of audit in Bulgaria as a form of legal control. The legal characteristics of the definition of the audit are reviewed. Different criteria for classification of the audit are elaborated. The audit as financial control is directed to finance and properties with public purpose. Audits are carried out for the purposes of the administrative regulation of business activity. Such regulatory audits are established within different specialized administrative supervision.The audit is one of the key mechanisms of the corporate governance for regulating horizontal, vertical and external conflicts. The auditors contribute significantly for confidence building and for optimal functioning of the markets, especially financial markets.
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This paper describes the formation and development of digital competences for the students of the socio-law field through the new interactive technologies used in teaching the ITC course. It also explains the didactic, professional and interactive teaching-learning-assessment tool – the interactive whiteboard and SMART Notebook educational software.
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Irony, you said? Ironic, most of definition of irony do not satisfy anybody. How to prouv that it does exist or not? How to limit it whitout using the lingo that hidd the complexity of the subject? And do we know that there is some civilizations in the world where ironic does not exist?
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This brief intervention intends to consider the use of ritual oaths, typical of traditional African religions, in the initiation rites of the Nigerian mafia. As I have noted elsewhere , these rites in Nigeria are widely utilized for a wide range of social functions, and are also used within sects of various types, and in organized crime, in order to ensure close mental control over members, and consolidate the power of the leaders. I therefore intend to briefly analyze the nature of these associations and the role played in them by the rites, in Nigeria and in other countries, particularly in Italy.
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We are currently witnessing a process of redefinition of the social structures that we are part of, through the new technologies, which are gradually entering all sectors of our lives, influencing the way we think, live, and relate to others. Since man is essentially a “political animal”, designed to evolve within a community, what impact will the digitalization era have on his behavior, especially when the physical limits imposed by the body are progressively disappearing? The objective of this study is to explore some of the subtle, but sure transformations of human behavior in the technological era, with a particular emphasis on the process of communication, personal feelings, and identity. In a more connected world than ever, where absolutely everything can be quantified, physical reality is in danger of being replaced by the virtual one. In this dynamic, the body could gradually become the only real impediment on the way to progress. Engaged in this alert race, we risk being dehumanized, in an attempt to be as similar as possible to the machines, which, undisturbed by the feelings, experiences, and behavioral predispositions specific to the human being, operate more accurately and are more effective. History shows that man essentially remains the same, with each age illustrating another facet of him. This is why, a thorough education from an early age is needed both in terms of the consequences of digitization and the means to cope with it, thus preventing us from distorting our essence.
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The report emphasizes the unsatisfactory state of roadside easement zones in Bulgaria. A system of measures is proposed to overcome the lag in this direction. The measures cover a wide range of activities related to the management and maintenance of easement areas, namely: 1. Improvement of financing, through changes in the budgets of the responsible public entities; 2. Improvement of the organization by developing a standard and audit of the easement areas; 3. Improvement of control, through its parallel construction in all responsible structures.
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The degree of provision of housing is under the influence of the ongoing construction of new residential buildings and of housing in the country. The aim of the author in this report is to reveal the trends in the housing provision of the Bulgarian population and in the construction of new homes, and on this basis to try to predict the strength of these processes in the near future. The first part of the report examines the housing provision of the population of Bulgaria, and the second part – the new housing construction. The author's predictions are presented in the conclusion.
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The various problems related to financial calculations are of great importance for the economic stability of all economic operators. One key element in this regard relates to determining the amount of repayments when withdrawing a loan. Borrowing (credit) is one of the most popular financial transactions and is undoubtedly present in the lives of most people in modern society. The most commonly used loans are consumer and mortgage. The report looks at long-term mortgage loans and ways of charging interest, not taking into account different fees set by banks. An analysis of the positive and negative parties was carried out when calculating the constant installment (annuity) for repayment of a long-term loan.
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This article is an attempt to clarify the essence and range of the concept of solvency. The essence and scope of concepts such as financial sustainability, liquidity and leverage have been studied and clarified. Various options for solvency analysis are also presented - based on the ratios, coefficients and complex models for analyzing the risk of insolvency. The author has made an attempt to propose a complex model for the analysis of the solvency of construction companies, which combines the advantages of each one of the specified methods of analysis.
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The sector of industrial (production and warehouse) real estate is one of the most important sectors of the real estate market in Poland, as well as in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. On the domestic market, some transactions are international and are widely described in the reports of large companies analyzing the market, but on regional and local markets the situation is different. Resources in smaller markets, regional and local cities vary in terms of age, functionality and price levels. Moreover, on local markets real estate is more often purchased than rented. In this paper the authors aim to show what features of industrial real estate affect the investors' decisions in regional markets on the example of two markets in Poland: Kujawy and Southern Greater Poland. The study can help making investment decisions and may be important for active participants of the industrial market.
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In today's dynamic market conditions, construction companies are forced to look for different tools to modernize and increase their competitiveness. One such tool is leasing, which is widely used in many European countries. This article addresses the issue of the economic efficiency of leasing. The author tries to consider the methods of leasing valuation, presents the advantages of leasing over bank lending. The factors influencing the economic efficiency of leasing are indicated too.
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