Тенденции в корупционната среда в България 2013 - 2014 г.
Data on the evolution of the corruption environment in 2014 shows a deterioration in many indicators relevant to the quality of government and the functioning of public institutions.
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Data on the evolution of the corruption environment in 2014 shows a deterioration in many indicators relevant to the quality of government and the functioning of public institutions.
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The experience of the reform of the territorial device in Poland and Slovakia has been described. The experience of the administrative reform in Hungary and Romania has been analyzed. Czech experience in the reform of public administration has been studied. It has been determined that the main objective of the reform is the consolidation of the basic administrative and territorial units for optimization management.
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The subject of research is the formation, development and evolution of theoretical methods mechanism of monetary regulation of economic processes. The purpose of the article is to develop a theoretical approach to determining the content and structure of monetary regulation mechanism, based on what the theoretical generalization and justification of the provisions on fundamental laws of evolution, operation and transformation of this mechanism in the context of creating monetary prerequisites for sustainable economic growth. Theoretical and methodological basis of the research work are leading domestic and foreign scholars on economic theory and its history, which reflects issues of monetary analysis of the economy. Used a systematic approach to the study of phenomena and processes. The result. Proved and generalized theoretical aspects characterizing the basic directions of stabilization of economic development, through the use of monetary regulation mechanisms inflation. Range of application results in research on monetary inflation adjustment mechanism in the field of History and Economics, in the preparation of textbooks and other educational materials on economic theory and history. Conclusion. Reveals the theoretical and conceptual nature of the monetary regime of the definition of monetary policy purposes, the classification of monetary regimes.
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The article discusses the main theoretical considerations when assessing the value of the share capital of public companies. The principles of business appraisal and the factors that affect the value of the company are discussed. The main approaches to business valuation are presented: asset approach, income approach and market approach. A specific methodology has been proposed to determine the intrinsic value of the stock based on three complementary models: the Discounted Dividend Model, the Residual Income Model, and the Market Multiplier Price/ Book Value of Equity. The methodology is used to determine the value of alternative, corporate and business strategies, to manage the value of the company in relation to large-scale deals such as mergers, acquisitions and emerging markets, and to assess the possibility of attracting additional capital resources.
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Purpose: analyzing the terminology and systematizing the scientific views on financial regulation concept definition; Methodology: method of theoretical analysis, methods of abstraction and concretization, method of deduction, method of comparison, method of classification, method of generalization, method of structuring, method of analogies; Results: based on terminology analysis and systematization of scientific views it was established that one can hardly identify a single position referring to a specific definition of «financial regulation» term: its interpretations are different depending on the subject, object and essence of financial regulation as well as on its role in the system of state regulation of economy; Practical implications: further research of the problems of financial policy and financial regulation in market economy; education process including preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and manuals for the course «Theory of Finance»; Conclusions: the analysis of the essence of the concepts «regulation» and «financial regulation» identified that the regulatory process is characterized by a variety of conditions for the functioning of the economy, using different categories and their elements, therefore the investigation of financial regulation system is needed. Domestic scientists examine the problems of financial regulation at the level of state regulation of the national economy as a whole, as well as at the level of its various spheres; In Western economic science, financial regulation is considered exclusively in the sphere of banking and financial markets. For the most complete understanding of the essence of financial regulation, it is important to consider such categories as regulatory subjects, regulation objects and levels of their functioning. While examining financial regulation in various spheres of the national economy, the concept should be concretized taking into account the specific application of these categories regarding to certain spheres. The analysis of theoretical basics of financial regulation has shown that it can be characterized as a system and as a process simultaneously, therefore its studying requires a comprehensive application of the system approach and process approach.
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The article examines fiscal policy in promoting innovation development of Ukraine's economy.
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The aim of this paper is to reveal the numerous macroeconomic dimensions of the GDP expenditure structure, and based on that to demonstrate the economic importance of the convergence with respect to this structure for the Eurozone countries. In this context, it can be concluded that achieving convergence in the expenditure components of GDP for the Eurozone countries is a prerequisite for convergence of the fundamental features of their economies. This convergence concerns first and foremost the factors determining the economic growth and flow of the business cycle which is an important condition for the effective functioning of the EU's Economic and Monetary Union.
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Cooperatives as organizations seek their identity after the democratic changes in Bulgaria. Credit cooperatives appear to be underdeveloped compared to similar organizations in other countries. This study examines the theoretical concepts of cooperatives as well as the development of a legal definition of cooperatives. The intersection and the difference between the theoretical understanding of cooperatives and the normative definition of them are derived. The basic principles and values of the cooperative are presented, both historically and in the present moment. Various forms of organizational structure of credit cooperatives have been considered and on this basis the stakeholders in the credit cooperative have been identified.
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The article is devoted to the theoretical content of the economic security of the banking sector of the national economy of Ukraine in modern conditions. The weight of the banking sector for the functioning of the national economy makes the study of its economic security timely and relevant. For the time being, the question of the very possibility of applying the concept of “economic security of the banking sector” is debatable. The overwhelming majority of scientists who study the problem of banking security, focus on financial security, and not on economic security. Therefore, the theoretical aspects of the economic security of the banking sector should be investigated more deeply. The purpose of the article is to clarify the theoretical aspects that make up the methodological foundations of the economic security of the banking sector.Experts highlight the multidimensionality and significance of this term, however they emphasize mainly the preventive safety function, although it has other functions, in particular, control, ensuring the development of the system, creating conditions for cooperation. It was stressed that the importance of information and technical security of the banking sector, which, in our opinion, also provides economic security, cannot be minimized.Most of the existing studies of the economic security of the banking sector are fragmentary. Normative legal acts also do not have a clear definition of this category. In the National Security Strategy of Ukraine, approved in2015, the need to ensure economic security is indicated.Disapproved of Capturing of the Among the main threats to the economic security of the banking network, the following are highlighted: imperfect and volatile legislation regulating activities in the banking sector; the lack of a clear direction of state economic policy for the frequent change of government; the negative effects of globalization and the lack of regulation of integration processes; low capitalization of domestic banks;significant expansion of foreign capital in the domestic market; the continuation of hostilities in the East; the vulnerability of banking internal networks from hacker attacks; significant volumes of problem assets; low level of security of deposit investments and the like.
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The research subject contains the set of problems in the area of institutional framework for system of financial regulation.The article purpose is to define the institutional framework for development of the system of financial regulation in orderto increase the level of its efficiency according to prior directions of economic growth.The research methodology. In this investigation we use the set of scientific methods, such as structural and inclusiveapproach, logical deduction, comparable and factor analysis.Results. The institutional framework for system of financial regulation has been investigated. In the paper the role ofgovernment regulation in the institutional system has been justified. Approaches to improve the regulatory mechanism offinancial policy have been defined. The article focuses on the problems of the efficient coordination between state financialinstitutions in question of providing fiscal and monetary policy. Also we investigated the determinants of economic growth inthe medium and long term plan. The priority directions to improve the system of financial regulation have been determined.Scope of results. State financial policy and instruments of policy implementation.Conclusion. Institutional environment has huge impact on the economic growth. In order to increase the efficiency ofpublic finance management government would provide institutional reforms. The state model of socio-economicdevelopment needs to contain innovative and social budget components, which would create opportunities to function thepublic finance system. Formation and implementation instruments and mechanisms of financial police could help to reachthe macroeconomic stabilization and create conditions for future economic growth. In order to achieve progress ineconomics we ought to change the structure of government spending, including budget sector and to raise the quality ofpublic institutions. Financial regulation has to improve the production factors and quality of human capital in order tostimulate the economy. In the article approaches to decrease the level of tax load on innovative and science products inpost-crisis period are justified. Also investigates the opportunities to allocate budget recourses to support high technologyeconomy pattern, including science, education, defense industry, medicine.
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The article purpose is to consist in research and generalization theoretical features of financial support for social programs that are realize in Ukraine, their types, and analysis social programs in context of state target programs, studying world examples of the solution social problems.Methodology. Methodological and theoretical basis of the research consists of the works of foreign and national scholars. It is used methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of generalization and comparison.Results. Complex study of essence and classification social programs is conducted in the article. The analysis of implementation social programs as part of government programs. Detected flaws implementation of state programs.Investigated the use of social impact bonds as a tool for solving social problems in the leading countries.Practical implications. Financial support of social programs is a state complex measures aimed at solving social problems with a focus on result through the implementation key performance indicators of the program.The generalization of approaches to classification social programs made it possible to distinguish the following characteristics: problem, area, volume and sources of financing, time of program implementation, industry,target group, methods and ways of solving problems. Analysis of social programs in Ukraine shows that they take up the largest share of all state programs in Ukraine, however, do not solve a large number of social problems. The use of social impact bonds in many countries has helped to solve a number of problems in the following areas: youth, health and social support, unemployment, housing, social entrepreneurship, criminal justice, financial support, international development. The introduction of social impact bonds in Ukraine would provide an opportunity to increase the financial effectiveness of programs, improve their quality.
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The aim of the paper is the formulation of the main provisions of the customs authorities of foreign economic activity analysis according to the functions assigned to them by the state. The paper presents the key theoretical principles of analysis of foreign entities customs authorities. The purpose of this analysis is a comprehensive study of the economic activity of economic operators to detect and prevent violations of national legislation in the field of customs. The task of this analysis arising from the customs legislation and consist in verifying the correctness, legality and legitimacy, safety or foreign economic activity separate process in general. The object of analysis of foreign economic activity customs authorities are entities engaged in foreign trade. Subject analysis is of foreign trade enterprises in general, the implementation of certain foreign operations of their legality, transparency and completeness of payment of the budget all duties. Extensive analysis of foreign economic activity enables better implementation the functions of the customs authorities, including protective, fiscal, informative, and stimulating. Development of theoretical positions allows forming the basis for qualitative analysis of foreign economic activity by customs authorities, and therefore better implementation of their functions.
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Considered theoretical foundations of the balance of the budgetary system of Ukraine. Defined reasons for the formationof horizontal and vertical imbalance, conditions for achieving a balanced budget system.
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The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical approaches to defining the essence of the concept of "tax stimulation", to clarify its instruments from the point of sufficiency of indication for interpretation as a key factor of the state's influence on economic processes. On the basis of investigation of the essence of the concept of "stimulus" and "stimulate" in the economy the approaches to interpretation of such concepts as "tax stimulus" and "tax stimulation" have been considered. It has been substantiated that the tax stimulus is an instrument for encouraging taxpayer to certain actions (activities) in the field of taxation; tax stimulation is the process of purposeful influence of the state on tax payers to ensure of their interests in carrying out activities that is encouraged by the state due to the prospect of obtaining additional benefits and improvement of financial and economic condition. The elements of the tax stimulation are tax privileges, tax immunities, tax incentives and state financial assistance. Ensuring the clarity in understanding terminology is the basis for the development of tax stimulation system for economic development of domestic enterprises, national economy and balancing the state interests and the interests of tax payers.
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This study aims to analyze the evolution of the concept of industrial policy and to define its main components, both in theoretical and applied contexts. Theoretical overview of industrial policy-making provides the basis for analyzing and assessing the new dimensions of industrial policy in today’s dynamically changing global economy. Nowadays world economy is characterized by deeper servicification and financialization of output, free capital movement and ever-increasing multilateraland regional policy coordination. The prospects for adapting and implementing the tools of industrial policy to the new reality are analyzed.
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Studies on the impact of government expenditures on regional and municipal development mainly focus on examining local budgets. Simultaneously, each territory has various channels for financing public needs and collecting taxes and other payments. Therefore, this research develops and tests a methodology to construct the public sector financial balance at the municipal level. The presented approach in based on the System of National Accounts (SNA), which considers expenditures and revenues of the federal, regional or municipal budgets as a single institutional sector, regardless of their affiliation. Therefore, in order to achieve the municipal financial balance, it is necessary to analyse tax payments at various budget levels, grouping them in accordance with the SNA classification. For calculating municipal expenditures, an original technique was developed to consider the costs of all public sector financial flows, including direct federal and regional sources. We use official information on municipal payroll obtained from the Federal State Statistics Service database. The net lending/borrowing ratio is taken as a balance indicator of supply and use. Public sector financial balances were constructed for 69 municipalities of Sverdlovsk oblast. Calculations have shown that, on average, pub lic sector expenditure is almost equally divided between regional and federal budgets (one half) and municipal budgets (another half). Various municipality types were identified: 9 donors of public administration resources in Sverdlovsk oblast; 5 territories (including Ekaterinburg city) with a moderate deficit of internal resources; 35 municipalities with a significant lack of finances; 11 areas completely dependent on public administration resources. This work is part of the research aiming to develop the System of Territorial Accounts, tat is, an SNA analogue that can be implemented at the regional and municipal levels.
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The cost of equity is one of the key financial and economic indicators in corporate finance. The purpose of this paper is to test the wellknown approach of Damodaran in global emerging markets. The main result of the study is that the Damodaran approach needs to be improved as it maintains constant deviation from the observed ex-post cost of equity.
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Transfer pricing for the tax legislation of Ukraine is a new phenomenon. This situation has caused a number of unresolved issues in both law enforcement and tax law science. The problem of such a situation adds to the complexity of transfer pricing relations. Such relations are on the brink of legal and economic activity. They are transnational in nature. At the same time, transfer pricing is often used for tax planning purposes. All of the above factors require clear and complete legal regulation of the law. However, the Tax Code of Ukraine, although it stipulates the transfer pricing rules in Article 39, they are largely incomplete. Moreover, some provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine can not be applied without reference to international primary sources. One of the most problematic aspects of the legal regulation of transfer pricing in Ukraine is the legalization of transfer pricing methods. This direction of transfer pricing is one of the most complex from a practical point of view. At the same time, the provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine are necessary for the normal use of instructions or recommendations. This, in turn, causes the need for both taxpayers and controlling authorities to refer to international primary sources. At the same time, such sources, most often, advocate OECD. Special attention should be paid to the legal regulation of transfer pricing reporting. Since these relationships are made between a resident and his non-resident counterparty, they provide reporting on several levels. However, the Tax Code of Ukraine does not regulate the compilation and submission of accounts at a different level than the state level. Thus, both taxpayers and controlling bodies are forced to seek information on the correct application of the transfer pricing rules.
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In the context of the goals and scope of the fourth industrial revolution, the article presents modern / new paradigms, characteristics and interrelations of sustainable development, transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship. The main criteria for competitiveness in the digital economy era are outlined. Options for applicability of transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship as tools for sustainable development of business organizations in the conditions of Industry 4.0 are proposed.
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The object of the research is to study theoretical and practical questions of institutional transformation of tax regulation after the adoption of the Tax Code of Ukraine. The aim of the research is to show institutional transformations of tax regulation and to determine changes in its fiscal role in formation of the national budget after the adoption of the Tax Code of Ukraine. Research methods. Methodological foundation of the article is built on the terms of the synergetic theory used for analysing the transformation of the tax regulation. The terms and categories of the synergetic paradigm were used in the scientific research. Research results: we showed institutional transformations of the tax regulation and determined the changes in its fiscal role in formation of the income of the summary, state and local budgets after the adoption of the Tax Code of Ukraine. It was proven that the adoption of this legislative act resulted in a significant transformation of the institutional foundations of the tax regulation which helped to normalize the relations between fiscal authorities and taxpayers. The conducted study showed that a significant reduction of taxes and charges in the tax system of Ukraine at the end of 2010 as well as in the period from 2011 to 2017 did not result in the loss of its fiscal potential and, on the contrary, improved the quality of the budget provision with tax income. Branch of results application: the results of the conducted research can be used in taxation theory and practice, management of tax processes and development of strategies of the state tax policy on the state and local levels. Conclusion. It was proven that the adoption of the Tax Code of Ukraine resulted in transformation of the national tax regulation system at formation of income of the summary, state and local budgets. The following events were observed in the period from 2011 to 2017 in comparison with the period from 2004 to 2010: increase of the fiscal role of the tax regulation in formation of income of the budget system of Ukraine; increase of the fiscal role of the tax regulation in formation of income of the national budget on the national level; stability of the fiscal role of the tax regulation in formation of income of the national budget on the local level.
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