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Присъединяването на България към Еврозоната на Европейския съюз

Присъединяването на България към Еврозоната на Европейския съюз

Author(s): Krum Ovcharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Bulgaria’s accession to the EU requires efforts to be a full member. Full membership includes the presence of the internal market and participation in EMU as an essential element joining the ERM II. EMU represents a higher degree of economic integration requiring the introduction of the single currency. In recent years the state of the economies of the EU strongly influenced by global financial crisis. Furthermore, it should consider the economic situation of EU countries that have not yet adopted EMU , among them Bulgaria . On the agenda is the implementation of the willingness of the country to adopt the euro as sole legal tender. However, this can only be done in the way of the steps go before that of the other member states of the eurozone.

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Волатилност на агропазарите

Волатилност на агропазарите

Author(s): Lubomir Lubenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The study is aimed at uncovering the volatile nature of agricultural markets. Accordingly, analysed are the characteristics of demand using the Laws of King and Engel which explain two agrarian paradoxes – why farmers earn more at lower yields, and why richer people spend relatively less on food. It is found that the supply of agricultural products shows a significant departure from the traditional model from the so-called Normal law of supply. It responds significantly more elastically with rising prices of agricultural products, and less elastically with their decrease, and even in the latter case the prices may increase. Due to large deformations of supply and demand, the market mechanism does not function well on the agricultural market. There are many distortions inprice formation, respectively, in the redistribution of resources, income, etc. The high inelasticity of demand and supply of agricultural products causes major changes in prices for relatively small changes in supply and demand, leading to increased volatility of agricultural markets. Most of the agricultural markets cannot balance themselves and it is more difficult for them to achieve market equilibrium, due to the fact that the supply in the medium and long term becomes more elastic, and demand traditionally remains inelastic. The provision of up-todate market information and adequate state policy through interventions and regulation play an important role in stabilizing the agricultural markets.

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Средства за привличане на клиенти в новооткрит ресторант

Средства за привличане на клиенти в новооткрит ресторант

Author(s): Gergana Dancheva Ivanova,Kristin Milenkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

In this report we have presented strategies for attracting customers to a newly opened restaurant. The techniques may not work for every eating place because the clients are different and have various needs, preferences and interests. Therefore the desires of the clients must be identified. The selected means should have a good influence over the growth of the business.

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Art-Cultural Entrepreneurship and Opportunities for Bulgarian Traditional Crafts Arising from it

Art-Cultural Entrepreneurship and Opportunities for Bulgarian Traditional Crafts Arising from it

Author(s): Ivan Stoyanov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Modern society faces a problem – the loss of cultural and historical traditions and arts. Entrepreneurship provides an answer and can find a solution to this challenge. Using the full potential of the entrepreneurial process will keep Bulgarian folklore and make it attractive to the younger generation.

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Development of the Arab Economy After the ‘Arab Spring’

Development of the Arab Economy After the ‘Arab Spring’

Author(s): Karim Naama / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

A study conducted by the Research Department of the Secretariat General of the Arab Banking Union entitled ‘Developing the Arab Economy in 2014 and 2016’, shows that the economy has experienced a decline in Real GDP growth compared to 2012. Uncertainty, complexity and social conditions as well as political changes are among the major factors which hamper economic activity in the region. Economic freedom is one of the most important indicators of the level of conditions and the situation that prevail in any country, especially in the Arab countries. If this indicator is negative, it will reflect the country’s situation. Economic and social freedom is just a mirror of a political situation affected by many shortcomings culminating in a reaction to violence in which Arab governments faced the riots of the people during what became known as the Arab Spring. Compared to 2012, the Arab economy experienced a decline in real growth in 2013, which reflected the decline in real GDP growth. This was due to several factors, the most important of them being the fall in oil prices, the energy export earnings of oil-exporting countries, and the ongoing political and social unrest in the region since the beginning of theArab Spring.

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Лизинг на финансов продукт, преглед в албанската икономика

Лизинг на финансов продукт, преглед в албанската икономика

Author(s): Arnaldo Bicoku,Romina Çela / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

In our country most businesses operate on the basis of small and medium enterprises. Their main problem lies in providing financial means to develop their activity. Precisely for this purpose, there were some financial mechanisms that are efficient in operation all over the world. The existence of leasing allows entrepreneurs to provide the main inputs of their business. This issue will analyze the growth of the leasing industry in transition countries. Leasing will help boost Albania’s economic growth through benefits that extend to different sectors of the economy.

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DO INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, AND MIGRANT WORKERS’ REMITTANCES IMPROVE CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE? EVIDENCE FROM MENA COUNTRIES
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DO INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, AND MIGRANT WORKERS’ REMITTANCES IMPROVE CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE? EVIDENCE FROM MENA COUNTRIES

Author(s): Rihab Bousnina,Foued Badr Gabsi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This article examines the relationship between the current account, workers' remittances, and financial development while taking into Institutional quality in 14 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 1995-2020, using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL). By applying the index of political stability and absence of violence/terrorism as a measure of the Institutional environment and two indicators representing financial development, we found that financial development has a significant positive effect on the current account. This clearly reveals the complementarity between financial development and remittances to stimulate the current account balance. Furthermore, we highlight that the variable measuring political stability is negatively related to the current account balance, which implies that an increase in political Instability increases remittances inflows for the specific case of MENA countries. These results suggest an altruistic motivation for the MENA migrant's decision to transfer.

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РЕФОРМА ДРЖАВНОГ РАЧУНОВОДСТВЕНОГ СИСТЕМА У ЦИЉУ ПОВЕЋАЊА ЕФИКАСНОСТИ ПРУЖАЊА ЈАВНИХ УСЛУГА

РЕФОРМА ДРЖАВНОГ РАЧУНОВОДСТВЕНОГ СИСТЕМА У ЦИЉУ ПОВЕЋАЊА ЕФИКАСНОСТИ ПРУЖАЊА ЈАВНИХ УСЛУГА

Author(s): Jelena Poljašević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 10/2009

Approaching Bosnia and Herzegovina to European Union is requesting the harmonization of business not just in private but also in public sector with European models. The public sector is required to realize goals with lower costs. Traditional measuring of success, implementing the budget according to the scheduled one, are moving to efficiency and effectiveness in offering public services. Aiming to bring high-quality political, economic and social decisions but also appraising the responsibility of public managers, it is asserted to create suitable government accounting system which will present information about governmental activities in whole. This goal may be realized only by accepting accrual accounting bases. The system of financial reporting, which is the product of accounting system, should present information according to international accounting and statistic systems. On the base of these information, we can appraise the state development, compare it to other states, enable fiscal analysis and the viability of government activities and their influence to the rest of the economy. The challenges which global economic depression is placing to states, are additionally underlining the necessity of creating governmental accounting system based on accrual accounting in order to, through effective decisions of public managers, reduce fiscal unloading of population and economy.

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РЕГИОНАЛНЕ ЕКОНОМСКЕ ИНТЕГРАЦИЈЕ - ОБЛИЦИ,”ТРОШКОВИ И КОРИСТИ”

РЕГИОНАЛНЕ ЕКОНОМСКЕ ИНТЕГРАЦИЈЕ - ОБЛИЦИ,”ТРОШКОВИ И КОРИСТИ”

Author(s): Slaviša Kovačević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 8/2008

There are no doubts the integrations process covered practically all countries of the world. The integrations by their character present the institutional form of mutual economic, technological, legal, cultural and other connection of two or more countries on the certain wider and narrower area. Fast economictechnological development, by itself, requires larger economic space and larger and larger market, and which exceeds the national boarders and imposes different forms of connection and integration. We are witnesses to new economic alliances and separations. European Union presents the most developed form of the international economic-political integration in the world. European Union was the unique model for many economic integrations which were created later in the other parts of the world. On the other hand, the USA connects themselves rapidly in more directions: they form the free zone of the Northern America (NAFTA) and they join themselves in the Organization of the AsiaPacific Region (APEC) where the world economic powers China and Japan are as well.

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Значај система социјалне заштите за трансформацију у Босни и Херцеговини: наш план за Босну

Значај система социјалне заштите за трансформацију у Босни и Херцеговини: наш план за Босну

Author(s): Helmut Braun,Nikola Špirić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 5/2006

After a terrible civil war, Bosnia and Hercegowina (BiH) has been reconstructed politically in 1995. The complexity of the political structure, however, makes BiH fragile due to different conflicting interests of the respecitve ethnicities. This ethnical nationalism and a weak administration of BiH as a whole make economic transition more difficult. Compared to other central-east and south-east states transformation could start in BiH only later and with support respectively under pressure from outside. To alleviate the problems accompanying the difficult transformation which should stabilise the fragile construction of the state. In this article we present a draft outlinig the core elements of a modern system of social security for BiH as a plan for the political stabilization of the country.

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ИНТЕРНО ПРЕДУЗЕТНИШТВО И ПРЕДУЗЕТНИЧКИ ИНТЕЛИЏЕНС У ПОСЛОВАЊУ ТНК

ИНТЕРНО ПРЕДУЗЕТНИШТВО И ПРЕДУЗЕТНИЧКИ ИНТЕЛИЏЕНС У ПОСЛОВАЊУ ТНК

Author(s): Nikola Vukmirović,Gordana Čenić-Jotanović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 4/2006

The globalization process of the world economy has created changes in terms of principles and standards of the international corporative interpreneurship. The beares of international corporative interpreneurship are mainly transnational companies with the highest dynamics of the internal growth i.e. growth based on innovations and business start-ups and the establishment of new business units within the corporation. The interpreneurship intelligence serves as a means to identify creative enterpreneurial decisions, which is a way to either have a certain model of organizational transformations under control or to implement the enterpreneurial project in a new and different way. Such models have been projected in order to integrate the information flows within the corporation, „to observe and evaluate” previously identified problematic areas in business dealing and provide solutions for the uncovered problems after the data have been filtered by the enterpreneurial team. Such data support the decision process which is related to risky enterpreneurial projects in transnational companies that invest into the countries being in transition. That is especialy related to the new enterpreneurial projects undertaken by the transnational companies in the countries of SE Europe, including B&H.

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Rekabet Üstünlüğü Elde Etmede Toplam Kalite Yönetiminin Etkileri

Rekabet Üstünlüğü Elde Etmede Toplam Kalite Yönetiminin Etkileri

Author(s): Süleyman Ağraş,Merve Çoban / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

The ability of an organization to produce quality products or services is an important competitive tool. The relationship between quality and competitiveness has become quite evident today. The management philosophy that comes to the fore in the institutionalization of quality is total quality management (TQM). Total quality management is an understanding that directs the course of quality in businesses and shows continuous improvement in linewith customer demands and needs. TQM philosophy consists of seven main themes: leaderhip of top management, customer focus, teamwork, full participation, directed approach, worker training and continuous improvement. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of total quality management philosophy on competitive advantage in the context of airline companies. For this purpose, a research was conducted and document analysis and interview methods were used to obtain the data. The effects of total quality management on gaining competitive advantage are discussed in the research. The qualitystudies of Turkish Airlines (TA), the flagcarrier airline of Türkiye, were discussed in the research. As a result of the research, findings showing the principles of total quality management in TA'spolicy documents and practices were determined.

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Budget Credibility and Global Surprises in Ghana: A Critical Reflection through PEFA Framework

Author(s): Joseph Ato Forson / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Purpose: Public financial management practices in emerging economies have evolved over time with the aim of improving national budget systems and promoting sustainable development. Therefore, the integration of the Ghanaian economy into the global one does not in any way immune it from shocks brought about by the Covid19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukraine war. The approach in this paper is to document my thoughts and opinion on Ghana’s public financial management practices in the context of global surprises. Study design/methodology/approach: The PEFA framework is used to assess the budget credibility of Ghana. Findings: The findings shows that although a lot has been done to sanitise the public space in budgetary management, there is growing evidence that suggests the public purse is riddled with a systemic culture of corruption and mismanagement. Yet, the global surprises that took the world by storm in the period of assessment exacerbated these irregularities. Originality/value: Most developing economies have very good blueprints on how to manage resources, but when it comes to actualising the imports of these blueprints, there is a challenge. Ghana’s experience is commendable and worth being brought to the fore for all economies in the African region and beyond to emulate.

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Causality Relationship Between Global Risk Indicators and BIST-Tourism Index

Causality Relationship Between Global Risk Indicators and BIST-Tourism Index

Author(s): Esra Soyu Yıldırım / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The aim of the study is to examine the causal relationship between the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), oil price, dollar index, and BIST-Tourism index in the context of the Global Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) between February 1997 and September 2022. To achieve this aim, the Fourier Toda Yamamoto (TY) causality test and the fractional Fourier TY causality test were used. The Fourier TY causality test results show that there is a one-way causative relationship between the dollar index and the BIST-Tourism index, between the VIX index and the global EPU index, and between the dollar index and oil price. In addition, it is seen that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between the dollar index and the global EPU index. According to the results obtained from the fractional Fourier TY causality test, there is a bidirectional causal relationship between BIST-tourism and global EPU and between BIST-tourism and oil price. In addition, a one-way causality relationship was found from the VIX index to the BIST-Tourism index, from the dollar index to the BIST-Tourism index, from the global EPU to the VIX index, and from the oil price to the dollar index. These results show that the shocks are permanent. Overall, the findings suggest that the interaction between stock prices and both national and global macroeconomic indicators is mainly a consequence of financial globalization. In other words, the liberalization of fund transfers as a result of the liberalization of money and capital markets has led to the emergence of a multidirectional interaction between many variables.

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MARSHALL PLANI YARDIMLARININ TÜRKİYE’DEKİ BALIKÇILIK SEKTÖRÜNÜN YAPISAL ve İKTİSADİ GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

MARSHALL PLANI YARDIMLARININ TÜRKİYE’DEKİ BALIKÇILIK SEKTÖRÜNÜN YAPISAL ve İKTİSADİ GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Author(s): Mustafa Zengin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2023

The ‘Aid of Marshall Plan’ includes the economic aid provided by the USA for the restructuring of the European states in 1947 after the Second World War. According to the "Marshall Economic Cooperation Agreement" signed with the Turkish Government on July 4, 1948, the United States was giving aid, but controlling the use of resources. Within the scope of the Marshall Plan, Turkey received aid amounting to 7640000 dollars between 1948-1952 for the development of the fisheries and fisheries sector. These aids continued until the 1950s. After the 1950s, radical changes have occurred in Turkey's socio-political and socio-economic life. The transition to multiparty life, the Democratic Party's coming to power in 1950, the entry into NATO and the acceleration of infrastructure works such as ports and highways with the support of Marshall Aids, and the 'Meat and Fish Association for the development of the fish industry in 1952. Structural changes, which can be considered as important, have been achieved in the fishing sector with the establishment of the Turkish Fisheries Association and, on the other hand, with the establishment of fishermen's cooperatives after 1960. In this process, in 1951, by the Ministry of Economy and Trade, 'III. Fisheries Congress was held. With these financial supports, investments were made to improve the technical infrastructure and production of fisheries such as ten cold storage and ice storage facilities, supply of nets, yarn and ship engines. In this context, an allocation of 200 thousand dollars was allocated to the factory owners for the expansion of food canning factories. In addition, a factory with a daily capacity of 100 tons was established in Trabzon to obtain oil and flour from dolphins. The Hydrobiology Research Institute was restructured in place of the Fisheries Institute, which was closed in Baltalimani by the Ministry of Economy and Trade with the cooperation of Istanbul University. The Institute has been operating since 1951. Apart from the fishing boats, three separate boats were purchased by the Meat and Fish Authority for research purposes and delivered to the Hydrobiology Institute in 1952. With the increase in research and monitoring activities in the field of fisheries, significant production increases were achieved, especially in marine fisheries, from 1951 to 1960. In this study, the structural and economic development of the fisheries sector by Marshall Aids used by Turkey is discussed. Before and after the period in which the aid was applied, it was analysed comparatively.

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ІСТОРИЧНА РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА ФОРМУВАННЯ МАРКЕТИНГУ ОБРАЗОТВОРЧОГО МИСТЕЦТВА

ІСТОРИЧНА РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА ФОРМУВАННЯ МАРКЕТИНГУ ОБРАЗОТВОРЧОГО МИСТЕЦТВА

Author(s): Dmytro Igorevich Akimov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of the article is to research and analyse the development of marketing technologies in the fine art market from the ancient times to the beginning of the 21st century. The research methodology consists in the application of comparative, empirical, and theoretical methods. This methodological approach allows analysis of the formation process and the history of the development of fine art marketing, conducting a research of marketing processes during the promotion of works of art on the art market at different periods of human history. The scientific novelty consists in expanding ideas about the fine art market. The article explores for the first time marketing processes on the art market from the ancient times to the beginning of the 21st century. The article analyses for the first time the problems that were formed and overcome during the history of the emergence and development of marketing in the field of culture and art. Besides, for the first time, the theoretical foundations of fine art marketing and the ways of their practical implementation are analysed. Conclusions. The conducted analysis allowed us to determine that even before the emergence of the modern art market as an element of the general capitalist market, the movement of works of fine art already thousands of years ago, in the ancient times contained elements of marketing approaches and technologies. This movement was caused by the processes of sale and purchasing, exchanging, and collecting works of art. In particular, we are talking about the precursors of marketing approaches and technologies aimed at a kind of satisfaction of the demand for works of fine art in society; organisation of classification and collection of works of fine art; examination of their quality and originality; determining the methods of works of art promotion in society. All these methods were already available at that time. In general, we can talk about the existence before the emergence of the modern art market of works of fine art, the so-called «wild market», which in a certain way "regulated" the processes of the movement of works of art in society.

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АУКЦІОН ЯК КУЛЬТУРНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ ФЕНОМЕН СУЧАСНОГО МИСТЕЦЬКОГО ПРОЦЕСУ

АУКЦІОН ЯК КУЛЬТУРНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ ФЕНОМЕН СУЧАСНОГО МИСТЕЦЬКОГО ПРОЦЕСУ

Author(s): Mykola Zinchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of the article is to conceptualise the auction as a cultural and economic phenomenon of the modern art process. To achieve the goal, we have set a range of research tasks: to define the concept of the auction in the system of economic relations within the art market; to highlight the specifics of auction activities in the context of determining the value of a work of art and the factors influencing this; and to consider the specifics of the auction houses as subjects of the modern art market. The research methodology is presented by the system approach, as the auction is considered as a complex symbolic system, consisting of a number of structurally organised elements and close interconnections with other systems, in particular with art, social and economic systems. The study is based on the use of the methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison, and generalisation. The scientific novelty lies is the fact that for the first time systematically and structurally a comprehensive analysis has been made of the auction as a phenomenon, which has a dual nature, as it combines economic and symbolic aspects. Conclusions. The article analyses the phenomenon of auctions in the contemporary art process. We have conceptualised the concept of the auction as a cultural and economic phenomenon in the context of the art market system. The concept of a market for objects of art and antiques have been studied in two aspects: as purchasing and selling objects with artistic value and as a field of commodity-money relations that develop between legal entities and individuals to purchase and sell pieces of art and antiques. We have found that pricing in the art market depends not only on the cost of created cultural and art product, but also on a number of socio-cultural factors. Auctions are considered in the system of a secondary art market as the quintessence of market relations in the field of art. We have defined the aesthetics of postmodernism as an axiological basis of the art market and auction activities. Information, intermediary, pricing, stimulating, regulating, and socio-cultural function of auctions have been characterised.

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Application of GARCH models in the volatility of food inflation in Nigeria

Application of GARCH models in the volatility of food inflation in Nigeria

Author(s): Innocent Chile Nzeh,Hycenth Oguejiofoalu Richard Ogwuru,David Ogomegbunam Okolie Okolie,Jonathan Ibekwe Okolie / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper aimed to investigate the behavior of the current food inflation volatility arising from the recent past behavior and to know if this volatility is persistent over time in Nigeria. The study covered the period from 2003M1 to 2021M9 under both the asymmetric and the symmetric GARCH models. The findings of the study revealed that one period lag of food inflation had a positive and significant impact on the current value of food inflation. Furthermore, it was found that in all the selected models, volatility in food inflation is persistent and bad news had an impact on food volatility in two of the models, while good news had an impact in one model. However, the asymmetric coefficient in all the asymmetric models is not significant. Consequently, the study contends that policymakers should factor in the impact of recent past values of inflation when framing policies meant to tame food inflation in Nigeria.

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PERSPECTIVES OF THE 1940’S ROMANIAN ECONOMY IN VIRGIL MADGEARU'S VISION - LESSONS FOR TODAY

PERSPECTIVES OF THE 1940’S ROMANIAN ECONOMY IN VIRGIL MADGEARU'S VISION - LESSONS FOR TODAY

Author(s): Alina Georgeta Ailincă / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2021

Concerned with the course of the world, but especially with the economic, political and social course of Romania, together with other leading Romanian economists of the early twentieth century, such as Dimitrie Gusti, Vasile Pârvan and Victor Slăvescu, Virgil Madgearu realized, with extreme fine attention, a diagnosis of the Romanian economy. A graduate of the University of Leipzig, and later a professor and policy maker, Madgearu reassembles ideas and approaches according to the Romanian needs of the time, promoting modern principles regarding credit, cooperatives, exchange rates, banks, foreign trade, agriculture, industry, financial markets, but also the functioning of monetary and fiscal-budgetary policies. At least some of these ideas are found in a crystallized form in the mature works of the author, being extremely current today. Thus, the article aims to describe and analyze elements of the perspectives of the Romanian economy as seen by Virgil Madgearu in 1940. Although the historical perspective can be considered obsolete, we can easily see from the analysis, the striking degree of similarities with the current period and a number of lessons from that time that can be learned even today.

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Najnowsze kierunki zmian regulacyjnych w zakresie walut wirtualnych z perspektywy przeciwdziałania praniu pieniędzy i finansowaniu terroryzmu, z uwzględnieniem wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na wzrost obrotu bezgotówkowego

Najnowsze kierunki zmian regulacyjnych w zakresie walut wirtualnych z perspektywy przeciwdziałania praniu pieniędzy i finansowaniu terroryzmu, z uwzględnieniem wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na wzrost obrotu bezgotówkowego

Author(s): Dariusz Gradzi / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2021

In recent years, nothing has contributed so much to the development and digital expansion of technology, including the field of cashless transactions, as the situation caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Increased traffic of electronic payments and virtual currencies may generate more interest in these areas from criminal groups. The number of fraudulent card transactions in the first half of 2020 increased by 11.4% compared to the second half of 2019. Among the new regulatory trends in AML/CTF in the field of virtual currencies, the Digital Finance Package should be distinguished. It consists of the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament on markets in crypto-assets and amendments to the AML/CTF Act. The specificity and formalism of these rules, but also the related operating costs, may lead to a significant collapse in the virtual currencies market and the escape of investors and money to Asian markets. The current regulations are a manifestation of a total legal solution, which will not favour technological development.

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